[Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Spanish patients with schizophrenia and overweight. The CRESSOB Study] (original) (raw)
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Schizophrenia bulletin, 2013
Individuals with schizophrenia have high levels of medical comorbidity and cardiovascular risk factors. The presence of 3 or more specific factors is indicative of metabolic syndrome, which is a significant influence upon future morbidity and mortality. We aimed to clarify the prevalence and predictors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults with schizophrenia and related disorders, accounting for subgroup differences. A PRISMA systematic search, appraisal, and meta-analysis were conducted of 126 analyses in 77 publications (n 5 25 692). The overall rate of MetS was 32.5% (95% CI 5 30.1%-35.0%), and there were only minor differences according to the different definitions of MetS, treatment setting (inpatient vs outpatient), by country of origin and no appreciable difference between males and females. Older age had a modest influence on the rate of MetS (adjusted R 2 5 .20; P < .0001), but the strongest influence was of illness duration (adjusted R 2 5 .35; P < .0001). At a study level, waist size was most useful in predicting high rate of MetS with a sensitivity of 79.4% and a specificity of 78.8%. Sensitivity and specificity of high blood pressure, high triglycerides, high glucose and low high-density lipoprotein, and age (>38 y) are shown in supplementary appendix 2 online. Regarding prescribed antipsychotic medication, highest rates were seen in those prescribed clozapine (51.9%) and lowest rates of MetS in those who were unmedicated (20.2%). Present findings strongly support the notion that patients with schizophrenia should be considered a high-risk group. Patients with schizophrenia should receive regular monitoring and adequate treatment of cardio-metabolic risk factors.
Actas españolas de psiquiatría, 2016
Metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) have been associated with patients with schizophrenia. The main objective is to assess the evolution of CRF and prevalence of MS for 12 months in a cohort of overweight patients diagnosed with schizophrenia schizophreniform disorder or schizoaffective disorder in which the recommendations for the assessment and control of metabolic and cardiovascular risk were applied. The Control of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Schizophrenia and Overweight (CRESSOB) study is a 12-month, observational, prospective, open-label, multicentre, naturalistic study including 109 community mental health clinics of Spain. The study included a total of 403 patients, of whom we could collect all variables related to CRF and MS in 366 patients. Of these 366 patients, 286 completed the follow-up, (baseline, months 3, 6 and 12) where they underwent a complete physical examination and a blood test (glucose, cholesterol and triglyce...
Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 2011
T he prevalence of type 2 diabetes is rising globally and according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), in 2010, India had 50.8 million people with diabetes and this number is set to increase to 87 million by the year 2030 (Diabetes Atlas, 2009). [1] Earlier studies have reported that Asian Indians have certain unique clinical and biochemical characteristics that are collectively referred to as the "Asian Indian Phenotype" which confers an increased susceptibility to diabetes [2] and premature cardiovascular disease. [3] Earlier studies have shown that schizophrenia subjects have higher rates of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes than the general population. [4,5] Some global studies have reported on the prevalence of MS in subjects with schizophrenia. [6,7] However, there is only one study on the prevalence of MS among subjects with schizophrenia in the Indian population and a figure of 37.8% was quoted in that study. [8] The prevalence of MS in schizophrenia subjects is reported to be two to four times higher than in the general population. [9] Estimates of the prevalence of MS and diabetes among schizophrenia subjects could provide vital data for planning appropriate care services. Moreover, a recent study reports that subjects with schizophrenia have limited access to general health care and less opportunity for cardiovascular risk screening. [10] Hence, the present study was undertaken with the objective of estimating the prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, obesity, and MS among subjects with schizophrenia.
Drug Safety, 2006
The presence of the metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There are limited data on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in European patients suffering from schizophrenia. Methods: All consecutive patients with schizophrenia at our university psychiatric hospital and affiliate services were entered in an extensive prospective metabolic study including an oral glucose tolerance test. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was assessed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria (NCEP, Adult Treatment Protocol, ATP-III), adapted ATP-III criteria using a fasting glucose threshold of 100 mg/dl (AHA) and on the recently proposed criteria from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Results: The analysis of 430 patients showed a prevalence of the metabolic syndrome of 28.4% (ATP-III), 32.3% (ATP-III A) and 36% (IDF), respectively. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in our sample of patients with schizophrenia is at least twice as high compared to an age-adjusted community sample in Belgium. Conclusion: The metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among treated patients with schizophrenia. It represents an important risk for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Assessment of the presence and monitoring of the associated risks of the metabolic syndrome should be part of the clinical management of patients treated with antipsychotics. D
The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Factors in Pa ents With Schizophrenia
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2008; 19(2) Turkish Journal of Psychiatry Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and related factors in patients with schizophrenia at an outpatient clinic. Method: All 108 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder that presented to the outpatient clinic between 12 May and 12 June 2006 were included in the study. Of the 108 patients, 100 whose biochemical analyses were completed were assessed. Results: The prevalence of MS was 21%, 34%, and 41% according to ATP III, ATP III-A, and IDF criteria, respectively. Increased waist circumference and low HDL level were frequent among the patients. The prevalence of MS increased with age. Mean age, duration of illness and duration of treatment were higher and family history of obesity was common in the patients with MS. Discussion: The prevalence of ATP III-defined MS in patients with schizophrenia was lower compared to that reported in other studies; however, the prevalence of MS was high based on ATP III-A and IDF criteria. Patients with schizophrenia are at increased risk for MS or related metabolic problems. In particular, when risk factors such as older age, female gender, long duration of illness and treatment, and family history of obesity exist, clinicians should examine the metabolic condition of the patient. Increased waist circumference and low HDL level are probably the best predictors of MS.
Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Aim: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of MetS and cardiovascular risk factors in antipsychotic naïve schizophrenia (AN-SZ) and chronic schizophrenia (C-SZ) patients. Also, the effects of lifestyle, physical activity and clinical characteristics of these patients on metabolic syndrome were explored. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 150 patients, 16-65 aged years were included. All subjects were recruited from the Psychiatric clinic of a tertiary hospital, Rasht, Iran. The severity of symptoms was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Physical activity and lifestyle were evaluated by the Baecke and Lifestyle questionnaires. Results: Fifty AN-SZ patients and 100 C-SZ patients participated. The rate of abdominal obesity was 29.2% for females and 10.3% for males. The C-SZ patients had significantly fewer healthy habitual physical activity and lifestyle, compared with AN-SZ patients. The prevalence of MetS in the AN-SZ and C-SZ groups was 8% and 23%, respectively (odds ratio [OR] 3.13). Binary logistic regression revealed age and unhealthy lifestyle to be significant predictors of MetS (adjusted OR 1.09 and 0.65, respectively). Discussion: We found with increasing each 10 years, the odds of MetS to increase 2.37 times. There was a significant negative association between a healthy lifestyle of SZ patients and MetS. For lifestyle habits, a decrease in the LSQ score by each one-point increases the odds of MetS by 45%. Conclusions: We found a higher prevalence of obesity and MetS in C-SZ patients. The results of the present study showed a significant relationship between age, LSQ score and MetS development. Future studies are recommended to explore the importance of weight management and nutrition control for reducing the rate of MetS.