Parthenogenetic Haploid Induction via Irradiated Pollen, Dihaploidization and Ploidy Level Determination in Vegetable Crops (original) (raw)
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Review of research on haploid production in cucumber and other cucurbits
Folia Horticulturae, 2000
This review provides a summary of haploid induction methods and factors affecting the efficacy of specific methodologies as applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), melon (Cucumis melo L.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai), winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam.), summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) and other cucurbits. This report is focused on studies that were carried out during the last 20 years.
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 2010
The influence of pollen irradiation on the production of in vitro haploid plants from in situ induced haploid embryos was investigated in winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne ex Lam.). Pollen were irradiated at different gamma-ray doses (50, 100, 200 and 300 Gray) and durations (9, 11, 15, 21, and 28 July). Production of in vitro haploid plantlets was influenced by irradiation dose, irradiation duration, genotype, and embryo type and embryo stage. Embryos were only obtained from lower irradiation doses (50 Gray and 100 Gray) and earlier irradiation durations (9, 11, and 15 July). The greatest embryo number per fruit was procured from “G14” and “55SI06” genotypes at 50 Gray gamma-ray dose. Necrotic embryos were higher than normal embryos at delayed harvest times (5 and 6 weeks after the pollination). The convenient harvest time for embryo rescue was observed about 4 weeks (between 25 and 30 days) after pollination. All cotyledon and amorphous embryos had only diploid plants while late-torpedo, arrow-tip, and pro-cotyledon embryos produced 33.3, 50.0, and 66.7% haploid plant. The frequency of haploid plantlets was 0.11, 1.17, 10.96 and 0.28 per 100 seeds, 100 embryos, 100 plantlets and a fruit at 50 Gray gamma-ray dose, respectively.
Parthenogenetic Haploid Plant Production in Styrian Pumpkin by Gamma Irradiated Pollen
Journal of Horticultural Science, 2021
Doubled haploid method via parthenogenesis induction still remained prominent in Cucurbitaceae breeding due to drastic reduction in time and cost of newly released lines. In this study, different doses of Gamma ray (25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 Gy) were used to irradiate pollen grains for induction of parthenogenetic haploid embryos in oilseed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. ‘Styriaca’). Parthenogenetic embryos at different developmental stages were rescued in vitro and 348 plants were obtained, of which 134 were recognized as haploid by ploidy analysis. The highest rate of haploid plants was obtained from globular (25.3%) and torpedo (23.8% plants) embryos followed by arrow-tip (13.4%), torpedo (10.5%), stick (10.5%), heart (9%), and cotyledonary (7.5%), respectively. All doses, except 200 Gy, were effective for induction of embryos and haploid plants; in a way that the highest number of haploids was obtained by 100 Gy. Our results indicated that parthenogenetic haploid embryos could be e...
Haploid production technology in wheat and some selected higher plants
Australian Journal of Crop Science, 2011
Haploid plants are very important in various realms of research disciplines such as plant biotechnology, molecular genetics and traditional plant breeding. They provide useful information regarding recombination and genetic control of chromosomal pairing. Haploidy expedites the breeding process thereby increasing the crop yield. Researchers have been working on the haploidy approach for more than half a century. Some crops have shown interesting results in producing haploid cultivars include bread wheat and other crops such as maize, oat and onion. This technique also has useful applications in genetic transformation for generating polyploidy wheat. Wheat cultivars developed from doubled haploid from both anther-culture and maize induction systems have been released for cultivation in all the major continents. Several techniques have been adapted for the production of haploid plants such as anther culture, isolated microspore culture some of which have been discussed in this review....
Production of double haploids in ornamental crops
2020
Double haploids are the plants, generated spontaneously or induced by chromosome duplication of a haploid plant. They are homozygous at all loci which make them a unique line from the parent in respect of its genome constituent. There is a significant utilization of double haploids in breeding program like production of homozygous lines for cross pollinated crops and mutation breeding. Due to haploidization of chromosomes and again doubling them can produce some novel traits, which cannot be expressed under existing diploid condition. This technique has a significant impact on the improvement program of floricultural crops like chrysanthemum, carnation, petunia, rose, iris, lily, phlox etc. Haploids occur spontaneously at a lower frequency but they can be induced by several methods, such as modified pollination methods in vivo (Wide hybridization, Chromosome elimination, Pollination with irradiated pollen, etc.) and by In vitro culture of immature gametophytes. They are made chromos...
TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, 2017
The present investigation was carried out for the induction of haploid plants in Citrus grandis through in situ parthenogenesis by pollination with gamma-irradiated pollen of C. limetta and C. sinensis, treated with 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 Gy gamma ray doses followed by in vitro ovule culture. Ovule culture at 50 days after pollination (DAP) was found optimum for the maximum recovery of in vitro-raised plantlets as compared to 35 and 20 DAP. At 50 DAP, irrespective of the pollen parent, plantlet regeneration capacity decreased at 300 and 400 Gy irradiation treatment (0.62% and 0.60%, respectively) with maximum recovery in the nonirradiated control (3.07%). Chromosome counting in actively growing root tips of all the in vitro-raised ovule cultured plantlets revealed that two haploid plants with chromosome number of nine were induced in C. grandis from the ovule culture that was cultured at 50 DAP following pollination with irradiated pollen of C. sinensis at 400 Gy and C. limetta pollen at 300 Gy. However, irradiation doses below 300 Gy were incapable of inducing any haploids in either cross combination. Similarly, all the plantlets regenerated from in vitro embryo culture of mature seeds were found to be diploid in nature, irrespective of the pollen parent and irradiation dose. Molecular analysis of the in vitroraised haploid and diploid plants using SSR markers confirmed the maternal origins of the haploid plants; however, the diploid plants were found zygotic in nature with one allele from the seed parent and the other one from the pollen parent.
Euphytica, 2002
The influence of gamma ray doses (25, 50, 75, 100, 200, 300 and 400 Gy) and genotypes (Eskenderany F1, Acceste F1, Sakiz, Urfa Yerli) on the induction of haploid embryos obtained by irradiated pollen technique was studied in squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). Different shapes and stages of embryos were derived from seeds extracted from fruits harvested 4–5 weeks after pollination. As a result of the present study, haploid embryos and haploid plants were obtained, with haploid production strongly influenced by gamma ray doses, embryo stages and genotypes. Gamma ray doses of 25 and 50 Gy gave the highest parthenogenetical response. All of the point shape, globular shape, arrow tips and stick-shaped embryos developed into haploid plants. However, only 53.8% of torpedo and 23.1% of heart-shaped embryos gave haploid plants. In contrast, cotyledon-shaped and amorphous-shaped embryos produced only diploid plantlets. The number of embryos per 100 seeds was the highest in ‘Eskenderany F1’ and ‘Sakiz’ genotypes. After in vitro culture, a total of 93 haploid plantlets were obtained.
Obtaining Haploid Plants by Irradiated Pollen Culture in Oil Seed Crops
Biotech studies, 2023
Haploid plant production is of great importance to shorten the breeding period in plant breeding programs. Obtaining pure lines in plant growing programs require an intensive work with huge labor and time. Obtaining one hundred percent homozygous pure lines is a key point for the improvement and development of new cultivars. Haploid plants with a single set of homozygous chromosomes have become a valuable tool in plant breeding. Dihaploid plants that are homozygous at all loci with doubling of their chromosomes can be propagated by seed and reach full homozygosity in a single generation. Traditional methods take seven years to reach homozygosity. Dihaploidization methods provide significant advantages in terms of gaining homozygosity in a short period of one year and bringing pure lines into agriculture. Anther culture and irradiated pollen technique are among the most widely used techniques in this respect; where physical or chemical agents are used to induce mutated pollen grains and anthers that are subsequently employed to develop dihaploids through in vitro cultures. These techniques are a good source to facilitate gene mapping, cytogenetic research, and evolutionary studies. Irradiated pollen culture techniques have been applied to many oilseed crops to obtain pure lines. This study highlights some salient features of producing dihaploids using irradiated pollen grains and their maintenance. Yaman, H., & Karaca Sanyürek, N. ( ). Obtaining haploid plants by irradiated pollen culture in oil seed crops.