WHO EMRO | Hypertension and associated factors in the Islamic Republic of Iran: a population-based study (original) (raw)
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Hypertension and associated factors in the Islamic Republic of Iran: a population-based study
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 2020
Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and has a high prevalence in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Aims: To estimate the prevalence and awareness of hypertension and its associated factors in a central province of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 2320 adults aged 40-80 years in Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran, in 2010-2011. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) for exploring the association between hypertension and associated risk factors. Of eligible subjects, 2098 participated in clinical examinations (response rate: 90.4%). Results: The sex-and age-standardized prevalence of hypertension was 52.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 49.6-56.1%]. Of 1170 participants with hypertension, 421 were diagnosed for the first time in this survey; therefore, the unawareness proportion was 36.0% (95% CI: 33.2-38.8%). Among known cases (749 of 1170), 68.5% (95% CI: 65.0-71.8%) had uncontrolled blood pressure. Age (OR 70-80 vs. 40-50 years=7.01, 95% CI: 4.01-12.24), obesity (OR=2.78, 95% CI: 2.06-3.75), diabetes (OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.12-1.89), hyperlipidaemia (OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.26-2.03) and living in a rural area (OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.0-2.45) were significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusions: Although age is an inevitable risk factor for hypertension, the high unawareness proportion, uncontrolled hypertension and modifiable risk factors such as obesity, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes demand effective preventive and curative strategies.
Annals of Global Health
Background: Estimates region-related prevalence of hypertension and attempts to identify its related factors at the district levels are required for prevention and management of hypertension. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemic features and related factors of hypertension and its awareness, treatment, and control rates among the northern Iranian population. Methods: It was a community based cross-sectional study based on data from PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS). In total, 10,520 participants (aged 35-70 years) from the Guilan Province in northern Iran included in this study, between October 8, 2014, and January 20, 2017. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or a prior diagnosis of hypertension or being on antihypertensive medication. Potential correlates of hypertension and its awareness, treatment and control were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression adjusted for demographic factors, anthropometric characteristics, lifestyle variables, past medical history, and laboratory data. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 43.2% and the hypertension awareness, treatment, and control rate were 53.4%, 49.8%, and 73.7%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that older age, urbanization, lower education, overweight and obesity, lower physical activity, prediabetes and diabetes, cardiovascular disease, psychiatric disorder, positive family history of hypertension and raised serum creatinine were independently associated with presence of hypertension. Awareness of hypertension was greater in the female sex, older age, rural residency, higher education
2021
In this cross-sectional population-based study, we used the baseline data of the Prospective Epidemiologic Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) cohort study collected in Iran from 2014 to 2020. The main outcomes were the prevalence of hypertension and proportion of awareness, treatment, and control based on the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline compared to the seventh report of the Joint National Committee (JNC7). Of the total of 163770 participants, aged 35 to 70 years, 55.2% were female. The sex-age standardized prevalence of hypertension was 22.3% (95% CI: 20.6-24.1) based on the JNC7 guideline and 36.5% (31.1-41.8) based on the ACC/AHA guideline. A total of 24312 participants [14.1% [10.1, 18.1)] were newly diagnosed based on the ACC/AHA guideline. Compared to adults diagnosed with hypertension based on the JNC7 guideline, the newly diagnosed participants were mainly young literate males who had low levels of risk factors and were free from conventional comorbidities of hypertension. About 3...
Prevalence of hypertension, pre-hypertension and undetected hypertension in Mashhad, Iran
Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2017
Hypertension (HTN) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) affecting more than a quarter of the world's adult population. The aim of this survey was to determine the prevalence of HTN, pre-HTN, and awareness of HTN in an Iranian population, and to assess the factors associated with HTRN and pre-HTN. The MASHAD study started in 2010 and will continue until 2020. The demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle data were collected by two certified health care professionals and a nurse. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. There were a total of 9762 participants, of whom 40% were males (n= 3903) and 60% females (n= 5859). The means and SD age of the population samples were 48.8 ±8.4 years for the male and 47.6 ± 8.0 years for the female subgroups. Twelve percent (12%) (0.76-0.82) were classified as prehypertensive, 23% (0.17, 0.23) as hypertensive and 65% were normotensive. Of the group that was hypertensive, 55% were individuals with previously undetected HTN. The prevalence of undetected HTN in the subgroup with diabetes mellitus (DM) was 42%; and in those who were current smoking the prevalence of undetected HTN was 54.9%, indicating a high degree of coclustering of cardiovascular risk factors. In an unselected population from NorthEastern Iran, hypertension was common, often undetected and frequently coexisted with other CVD risk factors.
Prevalence of Hypertension in Iran 1980-2012: A Systematic Review
The journal of Tehran Heart Center, 2016
Background: The high prevalence of hypertension and concomitant increase in the risk of its related disease makes it an important health concern all over the world. Hypertension is one of the 5 global leading causes of mortality in the world. Little is known about the current prevalence of hypertension in Iran, however. This systematic review aimed to investigate the current prevalence of hypertension in Iran. Methods: A systematic review of hypertension was conducted using international databases, including Medline (PubMed) and Science Direct (Scopus), and Persian scientific databases. The searched keywords were "hypertension", "raised blood pressure", "prevalence", and "Iran". All original articles in English published from 1980 to 2012 were included. After data extraction, heterogeneity between studies and publication bias was assessed and effect size was pooled by the random effect model. Results: Forty-two studies with 402 282 subjects we...
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
Background A high prevalence rate of hypertension (HTN) and its subsequent serious complications made this disease a major health-treatment concern in many societies. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in Fasa PERSIAN COHORT in south of Iran in 2019. Methods This was an analytical-cross sectional study. The study population were the individuals covered by Fasa cohort. Information of the first phase of Fasa Persian cohort in south of Iran was used in this study. Independent t test, chi-square test, analysis of variances, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple stepwise regression were used to analyze the obtained data. Thereafter, the data was analyzed using SPSS software version 22, and P value
Archives of Iranian Medicine, 2021
Background: Raised blood pressure is a serious risk factor for several non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Iran. In this study, we aimed to estimate the mean of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and subsequently, the prevalence of hypertension by sex, age, province, and year in Iran. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases through December 2017. We also used individual level data from eight national surveys, aggregated data from seven subnational population-based studies, and extracted data reported in 52 published studies. We used a two-stage model including Age-Spatio-Temporal and Gaussian process regression (GPR) to estimate mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure and used a crosswalk model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension by sex, age, province, and year. Results: The number of hypertensive adults increased in Iran from 1.8 million (882 thousand in women) in 1990 to 13.6 million (7.2 million in women) in 2016. The national age-standardized prevalence of hypertension increased from 8.7% (7.8-9.7) to 28.8% (27.7-30.0) in women and from 8.0% (7.2-8.9) to 24.2% (23.1-25.3) in men from 1990 to 2016. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures show a similar increasing trend. Conclusion: During the past 27 years, we observed an increase in the age-standardized prevalence and mean levels of blood pressure. If the current trend in levels of blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension continue in the coming years, Iran will not achieve the sixth target of the Global Action Plan by 2020 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.
Epidemiology and heterogeneity of hypertension in Iran: a systematic review
2008
There are many descriptive studies on hypertension in Iran, mostly assessing the prevalence of the disease and its associations with various risk factors. In order to gain a better insight into the epidemiology of hypertension in Iran and its heterogeneity around the country, we systematically reviewed all available studies and analyzed their findings using meta-analysis methods.