Photothermal ablation of amyloid aggregates by gold nanoparticles (original) (raw)
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Photothermal tumor ablation might be carried out with multibranched gold nanoparticles (MBAuNPs) having maximum absorbance (Amax) in the infrared region and functionalized with ligands that would bind them to the target tumor markers. However, in nanomedicine applications, the nanostructures must reach their target tissues to be effective, but the corona of serum proteins they instantaneously acquire when administered by intravenous injection may affect their activity; for this reason, we decided to analyze the effect that exposing MBAuNPs to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum (HS) have on their protein corona and physical properties. The synthesized spherical Au seeds stoichiometrically generate pinata-like MBAuNPs of 8–20 peaks potentially useful for photothermal tumor ablation since they induce hyperthermia of more than 4 °C in phantom gels mimicking the skin irradiated with an 808 nm laser at 0.75 W/cm2. The calculated surface area of MBAuNPs ranges from 24 984 nm2 to 40...
Bioproduction of gold nanoparticles for photothermal therapy
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Photothermal response of plasmonic nanomaterials can be utilized for a number of therapeutic applications such as the ablation of solid tumors. Gold nanoparticles were prepared using different methods. After optimization, we applied an aqueous plant extract as the reducing and capping agent of gold and maximized the near-infrared absorption (650-900 nm). Resultant nanoparticles showed good biocompatibility when tested in vitro in human keratinocytes and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gold nanoparticles were easily activated by controlled temperature with an ultrasonic water bath and application of a pulsed laser. These gold nanoparticles can be synthesized with reproducibility, modified with seemingly limitless chemical functional groups, with adequate controlled optical properties for laser phototherapy of tumors and targeted drug delivery.
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Targeted killing of cancer cells by engineered nanoparticles holds great promise for noninvasive photothermal therapy applications. We present the design and generation of a novel class of gold nanoshells with cores composed of self-assembled block copolypeptide vesicles with photothermal properties. Specifically, poly(L-lysine)60-block-poly(L-leucine)20 (K60L20) block copolypeptide vesicles coated with a thin layer of gold demonstrate enhanced absorption of light due to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the near-infrared range. We show that the polypeptide-based K60L20 gold nanoshells have low toxicity in the absence of laser exposure, significant heat generation upon exposure to near-infrared light, and, as a result, localized cytotoxicity within the region of laser irradiation in vitro. To gain a better understanding of our gold nanoshells in the context of photothermal therapy, we developed a comprehensive mathematical model for heat transfer and experimentally validated this m...
Strategies to improve the photothermal capacity of gold-based nanomedicines
Acta Biomaterialia, 2020
The plasmonic photothermal properties of gold nanoparticles have been widely explored in the biomedical field to mediate a photothermal effect in response to the irradiation with an external light source. Particularly, in cancer therapy, the physicochemical properties of gold-based nanomaterials allow them to efficiently accumulate in the tumor tissue and then mediate the light-triggered thermal destruction of cancer cells with high spatial-temporal control. Nevertheless, the gold nanomaterials can be produced with different shapes, sizes, and organizations such as nanospheres, nanorods, nanocages, nanoshells, and nanoclusters. These gold nanostructures will present different plasmonic photothermal properties that can impact cancer thermal ablation. This review analyses the application of gold-based nanomaterials in cancer photothermal therapy, emphasizing the main parameters that affect its light-to-heat conversion efficiency and consequently the photothermal potential. The different shapes/organizations (clusters, shells, rods, stars, cages) of gold nanomaterials and the parameters that can be fine-tuned to improve the photothermal capacity are presented. Moreover, the gold nanostructures combination with other materials (e.g. silica, graphene, and iron oxide) or small molecules (e.g. indocyanine green and IR780) to improve the nanomaterials photothermal capacity is also overviewed.
Monodisperse Protein Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles via a Simple Photochemical Process
Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2008
Protein stabilized, water soluble gold nanoparticles are essential for biomedicines and biotechnology. Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) is one of the most abundant proteins. It has a remarkable ability of binding and transporting materials across cell membrane that makes it ideal for drug delivery and very useful for pharmaceutical industry. Herein, we explored the direct synthesis of BSA stabilized gold nanoparticles via a simple photochemical process. BSA stabilized gold nanoparticles are synthesized in one step, using Irgacure (I-2959) as photoinitiator. UV radiation facilitates the easy one step synthesis of protein stabilized gold nanoparticles without any denaturation of the protein, during the process. Polyacrylamide Gel (PAGE) shows that there is no difference in the bands height and mobility of native BSA and UV irradiated BSA. PAGE results are further confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy of native and UV irradiated BSA. BSA/PEG (polyethylene glycol) mixed monolayer stabilized gold nanoparticles have also been prepared in one step using the photochemical process. Different ratios of PEG to BSA are used to evaluate the particle size and the size distribution of gold nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirm the presence of nearly monodisperse mixed layer stabilized gold nanoparticles.
Enhanced photothermal heating and combination therapy of gold nanoparticles on a breast cell model
BMC chemistry, 2022
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in addition to the damage to non-malignant normal cells are the most difficult in cancer treatment. Drug delivery and Plasmonic photothermal therapy based on the use of resonant metallic nanoparticles have developed as promising techniques to destroy cancer cells selectively. In the present work, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using trisodium citrate. The prepared AuNPs have a small size of 14 ± 4 nm and exhibit high stability with Zeta potential − 18 mV, AuNPs showed higher photothermal heating efficiency compared to irradiation with a 532 nm laser alone on the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 0.125 mM AuNPs coupled with laser irradiation for 6 min was found to significantly reduce (34%) the cell viability compared to 5% obtained with AuNPs in the same concentration and 26% with laser irradiation for 6 min without AuNPs. Moreover, the prepared AuNPs were used as an anticancer drug carrier for Doxorubicin (Dox), upon loading Dox to AuNPs there was a slight increase in the particle size to 16 ± 2 nm, FT-IR spectroscopic results showing the binding of Dox to AuNPs was through the-NH group. The potential cytotoxicity of the DOX@AuNPs nanocomposite was significantly increased compared to free DOX on the MCF7 cell line with a decrease in IC 50. All these results suggested the potential use of AuNPs as therapeutic photothermal agents and drug carriers in cancer therapy.
Nano LIFE, 2013
Under laser radiation, cells labeled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are believed to su®er thermal damage due to the transfer of the absorbed light from the AuNPs to the cells. This process, which involves complex mechanisms such as the rapid electronÀphonon decay in the AuNPs, followed by phononÀphonon relaxation, culminates in the localized heating of both the AuNPs and the cells, setting the rational for the use of these nanostructures, under laser light, in cancer photothermal therapy (PTT). Here, we discuss the chemical and biological aspects of this promising new therapeutic approach, including the advantages over conventional cancer therapies and the challenges that scientists still need to overcome to progress toward translation research.
Towards Effective Photothermal/Photodynamic Treatment Using Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2016
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of different size and shape are widely used as photosensitizers for cancer diagnostics and plasmonic photothermal (PPT)/photodynamic (PDT) therapy, as nanocarriers for drug delivery and laser-mediated pathogen killing, even the underlying mechanisms of treatment effects remain poorly understood. There is a need in analyzing and improving the ways to increase accumulation of AuNP in tumors and other crucial steps in interaction of AuNPs with laser light and tissues. In this review, we summarize our recent theoretical, experimental, and pre-clinical results on light activated interaction of AuNPs with tissues and cells. Specifically, we discuss a combined PPT/PDT treatment of tumors and killing of pathogen bacteria with gold-based nanocomposites and atomic clusters, cell optoporation, and theoretical simulations of nanoparticle-mediated laser heating of tissues and cells.
ACS Nano, 2011
Branched gold nanoparticles are potential photothermal therapy agents because of their large absorption cross section in the near-infrared window. Upon laser irradiation they produce enough heat to destroy tumor cells. In this work, branched gold nanoparticles are biofunctionalized with nanobodies, the smallest fully functional antigen-binding fragments evolved from the variable domain, the VHH, of a camel heavy chain-only antibody. These nanobodies bind to the HER2 antigen which is highly expressed on breast and ovarian cancer cells. Flow cytometric analysis and dark field images of HER2 positive SKOV3 cells incubated with anti-HER2 conjugated branched gold nanoparticles show specific cell targeting. Laser irradiation studies reveal that HER2 positive SKOV3 cells exposed to the anti-HER2 targeted branched gold nanoparticles are destroyed after five minutes of laser treatment at 38 W/cm 2 using a 690 nm continuous wave laser. Starting from a nanoparticle optical density of 4, cell death is observed, whereas the control samples, nanoparticles with anti-PSA nanobodies, nanoparticles only, and laser only, do not show any cell death. These results suggest that this new type of bioconjugated branched gold nanoparticles are effective antigen-targeted photothermal therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.
The Pimpled Gold Nanosphere: A Superior Candidate for Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy
International Journal of Nanomedicine
Background: The development of highly efficient nanoparticles to convert light to heat for anti-cancer applications is quite a challenging field of research. Methods: In this study, we synthesized unique pimpled gold nanospheres (PGNSs) for plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT). The light-to-heat conversion capability of PGNSs and PPTT damage at the cellular level were investigated using a tissue phantom model. The ability of PGNSs to induce robust cellular damage was studied during cytotoxicity tests on colorectal adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) and fibroblast cell lines. Further, a numerical model of plasmonic (COMSOL Multiphysics) properties was used with the PPTT experimental assays. Results: A low cytotoxic effect of thiolated polyethylene glycol (SH-PEG 400-SH-) was observed which improved the biocompatibility of PGNSs to maintain 89.4% cell viability during cytometry assays (in terms of fibroblast cells for 24 hrs at a concentration of 300 µg/ mL). The heat generated from the nanoparticle-mediated phantom models resulted in ΔT=30°C, ΔT=23.1°C and ΔT=21°C for the PGNSs, AuNRs, and AuNPs, respectively (at a 300 µg/mL concentration and for 325 sec). For the in vitro assays of PPTT on cancer cells, the PGNS group induced a 68.78% lethality (apoptosis) on DLD-1 cells. Fluorescence microscopy results showed the destruction of cell membranes and nuclei for the PPTT group. Experiments further revealed a penetration depth of sufficient PPTT damage in a physical tumor model after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining through pathological studies (at depths of 2, 3 and 4 cm). Severe structural damages were observed in the tissue model through an 808-nm laser exposed to the PGNSs. Conclusion: Collectively, such results show much promise for the use of the present PGNSs and photothermal therapy for numerous anti-cancer applications.