Karyotype Analysis on Two Abrus Adanson (Papilionaceae) Species in Nigeria (original) (raw)
The Phylogenetic Relations and Biogeography of Three Indian and Two African Species of Abrus Adanson
Annals of Plant Sciences, 2014
Phylogenetic interrelationship between five species of Abrus Adanson was studied based on SDS-PAGE protein profile of their seeds. These included Abrus precatorius Linn. and A. pulchellus Thw, two circumtropical species from India and A. canensis Welw. ex Bak. and A. fruticulosus W. & A., two species from continental Africa. The fifth species was also A. precatorius but with white seeds. Pairing affinity values of this species was highest with A. precatorius having red black seeds but varied considerably in their protein profile. A. precatorius was also found to be more related to the other Indian species A. pulchellus . On the other hand A. pulchellus which has been placed as a separate species by Verdcourt but considered to be a subspecies of A. fruticulosus by Breteler, were found to be two separate species. A. precatorius and A. fruticulosus are the most distantly related species.
A An nn na al ls s o of f P Pl la an nt t S Sc ci ie en nc ce es s Abstract: Phylogenetic interrelationship between five species of Abrus Adanson was studied based on SDS-PAGE protein profile of their seeds. These included Abrus precatorius Linn. and A. pulchellus Thw, two circumtropical species from India and A. canensis Welw. ex Bak. and A. fruticulosus W. & A., two species from continental Africa. The fifth species was also A. precatorius but with white seeds. Pairing affinity values of this species was highest with A. precatorius having red black seeds but varied considerably in their protein profile. A. precatorius was also found to be more related to the other Indian species A. pulchellus. On the other hand A. pulchellus which has been placed as a separate species by Verdcourt but considered to be a subspecies of A. fruticulosus by Breteler, were found to be two separate species. A. precatorius and A. fruticulosus are the most distantly related species.
cdn.intechopen.com
Up to now, in Turkey, studies about genetic diversity of the main forest trees have been concentrated on pine species, neglecting other main forest tree species. Turkish fir is among the one of the neglected species. Turkish fir (Abies nordmannianan subsp. bornmülleriana) has a special importance for Turkey because of its increasing economic value in marketplace and decorative characteristic in landscape architecture. Furthermore, being an endemic species for Turkey, very decorative species, for this reason the species is the most widely preferred Noel tree in the world (Şevik et al, 2011). Turkish fir is distributed from Kızılırmak River to Mount Uludağ in Western Blacksea region, particularly in Ayancık, Ilgaz Mountains, Bolu Seben Mountains, Boyabat-Göktepe forests, Abant and Mount Uludağ. Stands of fir species occupy roughly 600.000 ha at Turkey (Anonymous, 2006). The objectives of this study were to investigate the Genetic diversity among Turkish fir populations in Turkey, and determine the extent of between population variation, using 13 different morphological characters.
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004
Phylogenetic analysis of restriction site data from the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) was conducted for Abies to evaluate different infrageneric classification schemes. Twenty-eight species representing major morphological subgroups of the genus were included in this study. Thirty-three unambiguous restriction sites were scored from nine enzymes. The data were analysed using parsimony and neighbour-joining methods to infer phylogenetic relationships within the genus. Seven subclades that more or less correspond to previously recognized subgroups were resolved from these analyses: (1) sect. Bracteata , (2) sect. Balsamea (excluding A. kawakamii), (3) sect. Amabilis , (4) an eastern Asian group including sect. Momi , part of sect. Pseudopicea , and A. kawakamii , (5) core of sect. Pseudopicea , (6) a Mediterranean-southwestern Asian group containing sect. Abies and sect. Piceaster and (7) sect. Nobilis. Lineages (4) and (5) are likely to be sisters, which are, in turn, sister to lineage (6). The results also suggest that this large Eurasian clade is most closely related to subclade (2) and the monotypic sect. Bracteata is most closely related to sect. Balsamea , but these relationships are supported by bootstrap values of less than 50%. These results indicate that the eastern Asian-North American disjunct section, sect. Balsamea , is monophyletic (96%) when A. kawakamii from Taiwan is excluded; species of sect. Abies and sect. Piceaster (Mediterranean and southwest Asia) are closely related, but the monophyly of each section remains unclear. The results also suggest that sect. Pseudopicea is not monophyletic; species from eastern China and the Qingling Mountains of this section appear to be more closely related to sect. Momi and A. kawakamii than to the other species of the same section. Species of sect. Grandis separate from the remaining species of Abies by having an approximately 500 base pairs longer ITS region. This study provides the first molecular-based phylogenetic hypothesis of Abies to be tested with additional data and broader sampling.
Karyotype analysis of Aeluropus species (Poaceae)
Turczaninowia, 2021
Aeluropus, a member of Poaceae subfam. Chloridoideae, includes six species, three of which occur in Iran. They are perennial halophytes of deserts and coastal marshlands of Iran. The genus is considered as a rich genetic source for gene manipulation and using it for crop improvement. Previous studies showed that members of Chloridoideae have small chromosomes and the base chromosome number n = 10. There are few chromosome records for Aeluropus species. Somatic metaphases of seven populations of three Aeluropus species were studied. The first chromosome counts (2n = 20) based on Iranian material for three species, A. macrostachyus, A. littoralis and A. lagopoides, are concordant with previous records outside Iran; mitotic number for A. macrostachyus is recorded here for the first time.
PCR-RFLP analysis of cpDNA in the genus Abies
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1999
We used PCR-RFLP analysis of the chloroplast DNA of the genus Abies (family Pinaceae), to determine if the method could be employed to detect inter-specific variation in this genus and to study how the variation was distributed in different regions of the genome. Ten different chloroplast DNA regions, consisting of coding and non-coding DNA sequences, were amplified with specific primers in ten different Abies taxa. The amplification products were digested with several restriction enzymes. The results showed that the chloroplast genome is highly variable in most of the investigated taxa and contains multiple variable regions that appear to be distributed throughout the whole genome. Species-diagnostic markers were found for four of the ten investigated species. Unexpectedly, intra-specific variation was also detected in four species. It is likely that further studies, including larger sample sizes and/or more powerful methods for the detection of chloroplast DNA variation, will reveal additional variation for this genus.
Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 2004
A. nebrodensis(Nebrodi fir, Sicilian fir) is restricted to a small area ofthe Madonie Natural Park in Sicily. According to recent estimates, its only population consists of 30 adult individuals and a fluctuating number of juveniles derived from natural regeneration; besides, some hundreds of cultivated plants are preserved as ex situ collection. We used RAPD data from six 10-mer primers to examine the consequences of extensive historical clearance and human pressures on the extant population. Data from multiple life stages and different habitat conditions were considered, affording an opportunity to ascertain for the first time the structure of genetic variation in the extant uneven-aged population on both spatial and temporal scale. Consistent with previous works, we found that the history of disturbance and past land use did not affect drastically the biological diversity of the present-day population. Considerable leveis of genetic variation were detected both in adult and juvenile sets. The non-significant correlation between genetic and physical distances (Mantel test; r=-0.075) revealed a random distribution of genotypes in the natural stando When the juvenile set was divided in 17 subsets, based on maternal provenance and growing conditions, Shannon's index (54%) and AMOVA analysis (84%) indicated that most of genetic variation resides within subsets. Neighbour-joining cluster analysis supported the hypothesis of high crossfertilization rates expected for a woody perennial species; nevertheless some grouping of related individuals suggested partial inbreeding and a weak pattern of genetic structure. Changes in structure can occur as the progeny ages and offspring thinning is responsible for moulding patterns of genetic diversity and population structure in time.
Genetic assessment of the genus Pisum L. based on sequence specific amplification polymorphism data
academicjournals.org
The present study was conducted to analyze genetic diversity among 56 accessions of Pisum sativum, Pisum elatius, Pisum pumilio, Pisum fulvum and Podandrogyne brevipedunculata from Syria (42) and a set of 16 reference accessions from Israel (3), Ethiopia (2), Greece (2), Italy (2), Turkey (3), Tunisia (1) and Georgia (1). The study was based on the analysis of multiple data sets generated using sequence specific amplification polymorphism (SSAP) and associated morphological and ecogeographic data. The diversity analysis based on SSAP markers resulted in 83 scorable fragments in P. sativum, P. elatius (63), P. fulvum (62), P. pumilio (53), P. brevipedunculata (31) and P. abyssinicum (29). Genetic variability was measured as Nei's gene diversity and maximum polymorphism was found in P. elatius (33.87%) and P. fulvum (32.74%) whereas minimum diversity was observed in P. brevipedunculata (12.48%). Pair wise band sharing among Pisum species was also calculated, significant band sharing was observed between P. fulvum and P. elatius, P. elatius and P. sativum and P. pumilio and P. elatius. The relationship among species as revealed by SSAP data could not significantly be correlated with those based on the agro-morphologic characters, suggesting that the two inferences are independent and estimates of genetic relations differently among Pisum taxa. The ecogeographic data associated with Pisum species (latitude, longitude) were also plotted using Arc View GIS 3.2 in order to show the distribution of species in Syria.
Genetic variation in natural populations of Abies nephrolepis Max. in South Korea
Annals of Forest Science, 2008
Abies nephrolepis Max. is a fir species occurring in Northeast China, the extreme southeast of Russia and Korea. In Korea, A. nephrolepis is one of only three native fir species growing in high, mountainous areas with a disjunct distribution. We investigated genetic variation in A. nephrolepis by examining 24 ISSR polymorphic loci in 248 individuals representing eight natural populations in Korea. The level of intra-population genetic diversity (H e = 0.240) was similar to or slightly lower than that of plants with similar ecological traits and life history. Most of the genetic diversity was allocated among individuals within populations (G ST = 0.082, Φ ST = 0.041) and the number of migrants per generation (N m) was 5.56. Nei's genetic distances were small (D = 0.027) and unrelated to geographic distances between populations. Implications for the conservation of genetic variation in A. nephrolepis in South Korea were discussed. Abies nephrolepis Max. / ISSR / genetic diversity / genetic differentiation Résumé-Variabilité génétique dans des populations naturelles de Abies nephrolepis Max. en Coréee du Sud. Abies nephrolepis Max. est un sapin présent dans le Nord-Est de la Chine, l'extrême Sud-Est de la Russie et en Corée. En Corée, A. nephrolepis est une des trois espèces autochtones de sapin poussant dans des zones disjointes en haute montagne. Nous avons étudié la variabilité génétique chez A. nephrolepis grâce à 24 locus polymorphes ISSR sur un échantillon de 248 individus représentant huit populations naturelles en Corée. Le niveau de diversité génétique intra-population obtenu (H e = 0, 240) était semblable ou légèrement plus faible que celui obtenu pour des plantes avec des caractères écologiques ou une histoire semblables. La plus grande part de la diversité génétique était représentée par la variabilité entre individus dans populations (G ST = 0, 082, Φ ST = 0, 041) et le nombre de migrants par génération (N m) était de 5,56. Les distances génétiques de Nei étaient faibles (D = 0, 027) et sans relation avec les distances géographiques entre populations. Les implications pour la conservation de la diversité génétique de A. nephrolepis en Corée du Sud sont discutées. Abies nephrolepis Max. / ISSR / diversité génétique / différenciation génétique
Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2018
Present study is intended to find out genotypic variation in Acmella paniculata distributed across larger phytogeographical ranges and along different altitudinal gradient of Northeast India using ISSR and SCoT markers. Acmella paniculata (Wall. ex DC.) R.K. Jansen (family Asteraceae) is an important medicinal herb distributed worldwide in both tropical and subtropical regions. A total of 98 individuals of A. paniculata belonging to 10 natural populations spots were sampled from different altitudinal gradient of 03 major phytogeographical ranges of Northeast India, and the genotypic variation within and among the populations were inferred using ISSR and SCoT markers. In the ISSR marker based study, a total of 429 loci were obtained in which 178 loci were monomorphic and 251 loci were polymorphic showing 58% polymorphism. In the SCoT based marker study, a total of 791 amplification products were scored of which 588 were polymorphic, exhibiting 74% polymorphism. The PIC value of ISSR and SCoT marker system were 0.67 and 0.83 respectively. The Rp value of the ISSR primers were ranging from 4.120 to 7.22, whereas it was 5.24 to 9.20 for the SCoT primers. Jaccard's coefficient of similarity were ranging from 0.1082-0.7325 in case of ISSR, whereas it was 0.1366-0.9253 for SCoT markers. G ST values showed high genetic diversity among the populations. The average similarity matrix was used to generate a tree for cluster analysis by UPGMA method. Cluster analysis have shown that the populations sampled from all high altitude regions of the 03 major phytogeographical ranges of Northeast India have formed distinct sub-clustering pattern. AMOVA revealed that variation among the populations were significantly higher (83%) than within the populations (16%).