Comparativ e assessment of heavy metals in drinking water sources from Enyigba Community in Abakaliki Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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2017
Drinking water Quality is one of the most important concerns. The heavy metals level up to ppb levels in drinking water quality may cause severe health problems. In this study attempt was made to determine the concentrations of eight heavy metals in water samples taken in August 2016 from boreholes, hand dug wells and streams in some selected areas of Mubi North local government Adamawa state. These samples were subjected to analysis for eight elements (Zn, Fe, Ca, Na, Mg, Mn, Pb and Cd using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentrations of these metals in the study areas were compared with drinking water quality limits given by the World Health Organization (WHO). Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Ca concentrations were found to range from 4.80-5.0, 0.06-2.6, 0.03-3.05, 0.04-0.80, 0.02-0.17, 20.49-35.6Mg/L respectively. The concentrations of Na, Mg, Ca, and Zn found in this study were lower than the permissible limit of WHO. While that of Fe in water sample from stream were fo...
Health and Environment
The level of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Ni, Co, Zn) and physicochemical parameters in borehole water sources within selected mining sites in Ebonyi State, Nigeria were determined using FS240AA Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) according to the method of American Public Health Association (APHA). Water samples were collected from Enyigba mining site, Ikwo mining site, Ameri Amekamining site, Izza mining site, Mkpume Akwatakwa mining site and Mpume Akwaokuku mining sites. Composite water samples were collected within the mining locales and 500 metres away from the mining locations using two liters plastic jars. Similarly, the control samples were taken from Abakaliki (about 15 km away from mining area) where there was no evidence of mining activity. A total of 14 sub-samples were collected for this study. Generally, the levels of heavy metals in the borehole water samples were higher than the values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). This however suggests a...
The inhabitants of Mkpuma Akpatakpa have resorted to the usage of water accumulated in the abandoned mine ponds and boreholes due to inadequate potable water within the area. Lead Zinc deposit which is typical of the Benue Trough has been mined within the area, leaving heaps of mine tailings at the site. A total of seven (7) water samples were collected and geochemically analyzed with the main objective of assessing their distribution in the waters of the study area. The results revealed the concentration of Arsenic to be high in both surface and groundwater ranging from 0.1 to 0.492mg/l. which exceeds the WHO limit for portable water. Constant exposure to Potentially Harmful Elements (PHEs) such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (As) have shown to have cumulative effects on human health since there is no homeostatic mechanism which can operate to regulate their toxicity. Heavy metals are released into the environment by natural and anthropogenic processes and these increase their concentration, hence leading to pollution. As the populace continues to be exposed to such hazardous element in their drinking water, the health implication could be prevalent overtime if not arrested. Keywords: Arsenic, Risk, Heavy Metals, Abandoned Mine, Concentration
Applied Water Science
Surface and groundwater are the most common sources of water in Nigeria's rural communities, which are used for a variety of purposes ranging from farming to industrial processes and other domestic household activities including drinking. Water that contains heavy metals in excess of the maximum permitted levels poses a risk to human health. This study aims to evaluate the levels of heavy metals in surface and groundwater in Ifite Ogwari, a rural community in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria, as well as their ecological indices and human health risks assessment. The concentration levels of Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu were determined in fifteen water samples from the major water sources in the study area, viz., streams, river, and hand-dug wells. The water samples were collected using precleaned 500 cm3 glass bottles and were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) technique. The results showed that four metals (Cr, Cu, Mn, and Pb) out of the eight heavy metals...
Mining and smelting activities are the main causes for the increasing pollution of heavy metals from water sources. The toxicity of these heavy metals from the mining, milling and smelting companies can cause harmful and even lethal effects on the human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the level of As, Cr, Zn, Mg, Fe, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ag and Mn in well and tap water and assess the degree of pollution in the study area. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry investigation was carried out on 60 samples of water (Well and Tap) collected within and outside the mining and smelting area of Ajaokuta to determine the extent of these heavy metals contamination in their drinking water. The data of heavy metal concentrations reveal that the area has been slightly contaminated with the heavy metals, with As and Cr having the highest level of contamination. Correlation analysis between the selected heavy metals was conducted to further investigate the relationship between the metals. The result shows that these selected metals have common pollution sources related to the mining and smelting activities in the area.
Water is one of the essentials that support all forms of life and studies had been carried out to ascertain the quality of drinking water, mainly by determination of heavy metals present. Several researchers have shown that heavy enter our body through the water we drink, air we breathe and food we eat and this is a potential threat to human health. Heavy metal pollution is a global challenge that requires joint efforts of governments, scientists, and communities and there is need for continuous monitoring of water quality. Therefore, in this study the levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Fe, As and Pb) were measured in water samples taken from Gombe, Pindiga and Yamalti-Deba using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer methods (AAS). The results showed that all the heavy metals were detected in all the water samples of Gombe, Pindiga and Yamalti-Deba and the order of concentration is Pb > Cr > Fe > Cd > As. The concentration of Pb ranges from 0.216±0.008 mg/L in Shangwam Estate to 1.191±0.010 mg/L in Madagaska Dam. Chromium Cr concentration is highest, 0.973±0.008 mg/L and 0.959±0.016 mg/L in Madagaska Dam and Tumu respectively and minimum value detected was 0.173±0.009 mg/L in Shangwam Estate and 0.038±0.000 mg/L in Riyal. Iron was detected in all the study area and has the maximum values of 1.238±0.012 mg/L and 1.216±0.024 mg/L in Madagaska Dam and Tumu respectively. The concentration of Fe is minimum, of value 0.034±0.010 mg/L, in Shangwam Estate and 0.037±0.000 mg/L in Riyal. The concentration of Cd is ranging from 0.035±0.003 mg/L in Shangwam Estate to 0.230±0.002 mg/L in Madagaska Dam. The minimum value of As concentration detected from the samples is 0.000±0.000 mg/L in Shangwam Estate and the maximum value was 0.024±0.000 mg/L in Dadin Kowa Dam. The results of this study showed that, the heavy metal concentration of Pb, Cr, Fe, Cd and As measured in all the water samples are greater than WHO, USEPA and NSDW permissible limits, therefore, it is suggested that the quality of the drinking water in the mining area of Gombe is contaminated with heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cr, Cd and As). The uptake of these heavy metals through water can lead to their accumulation in the tissues of organisms and can have harmful and even lethal effects on the human body at higher concentration. This study provides information that will contribute to awareness of the potential impacts of heavy metals pollution in drinking water around the mining area.
Journal of Laboratory Science, 2020
Water samples obtained from selected underground reservoirs and boreholes in Edo state, Nigeria were analysed for heavy metal concentration using flame photometer and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result of physicochemical parameters obtained from the borehole water, fell within the maximum allowable limit set by WHO and Nigeria standards for drinking water but the concentration of Cu (0.15 ppm), Ca (0.15 ppm), Mn (0.29 ppm), and Fe (0.16 ppm) in Eguare 2, Mn (0.12 ppm) in Okalo and Fe (0.49 ppm) in Okpujie exceeded WHO standards for drinking water. The result also shows that borehole waters in these communities were safer for drinking than underground reservoirs. This was because most of the heavy metals were found in greater concentration in the underground reservoir exceeding national and international standards of drinking water quality. The study recommends that Government should make arrangements for continuous inspection of water schemes, health and functionality to avoid the danger of drinking untreated water.
International Journal of Sciences
Samples were collected from four (4) underground water sources in Enyigba Pb-Zn mining district, near Abakaliki in southeastern Nigeria. The samples were acidified to stabilize the metals for periods more than four days without the use of refrigeration. The acidified water samples were analysed by a commercial laboratory at Projects Development Institute (PRODA), Enugu using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The elements determined by this method are lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and cobalt (Co). The result and analysis showed that metal enrichment index (MPI) of As, Cd, Pb and Ni are very high in the groundwater samples, indicating high degree of contamination compared to WHO permissible limits. All these metals contributed to high degree of contamination based on metal pollution index (MPI). The calculated metal enrichment and pollution indices show values that indicate that under the prevailing conditions and environmental regulations in Nigeria, the Enyigba mining district would face major and hazardous discharges of these metals to other water sources in the area.
International journal of physical sciences
This report presents a study of seven heavy metals concentrations in rural water supplies of South East region of Nigeria. The concentration levels of As, Hg, Cd, Pd, Cr, Cu and Fe were evaluated in samples of water collected from the major water sources in the study area viz: streams, ponds/lakes and shallow hand dug wells. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was used to assay the levels of Fe, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd and As while cold vapour AAS was used for Hg determination. The human health risk assessment was performed by determining the water ingestion (IW), oral daily intake (DI), hazard quotient HQ) and total hazard index (THI) of the metals from human oral consumption. The result of the analysis indicated the level ranges of the metals as follows Hg. (0.00-0.01 ppm), As (0.010--2.01 ppm); Cd (0.00-0.25 ppm); Pd (0.38-3.04 ppm) Cr (0.01-0.65 ppm); Cu (0.21-2.65 ppm) and Fe (0.75-15.01 ppm). The risk assessment results indicated that HQ of As, Cd, Cr and Pb were mostly of moderate risk, (HQ ˃ 1) while those of Hg, Fe and Cu indicated no risk. The THI of all the water bodies assessed were of high risk except one river.
Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research, 2020
Water quality index and heavy metal contents of underground water sources in Doma Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria was assessed to ascertain the suitability of the water for domestic purpose. Physicochemical parameters; temperature, turbidity, TDS, TSS, pH, EC, total hardness, alkalinity, chloride, nitrate and sulphates in the water samples were determined using standard methods of analysis. The water quality index (WQI) was also evaluated using known standard method. The heavy metal contents were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The results of the physicochemical analyses shows that in borehole and hand dug well water, the respective mean values were temperature (27.11±0.45 and 27.41±0.55 °C), turbidity (1.51±0.54 and 2.56±1.04 NTU), TDS (230.00±87.75 and 358.67±91.46 mg/dm3), TSS (3.64±1.25 and 4.17±4.17 mg/dm3), pH (5.63±0.69 and 6.60±0.95), EC 277.16 and 296.29±26.52 µS/cm), total hardness (90.00±15.55 and 125.13±16.33 mg/dm3), alkalini...