Obesity, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Eating Behavior Disorders (original) (raw)
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Effect of Food Hypersenistivity and Food Addiction in Management Obesity
2021
With the global incidence of obesity rising in recent decades, the general public have lately embraced the idea of food addiction as a reasonable explanation for the variables influencing weight growth. Food addiction was prevalent in 15.7 percent of Egyptian adults, consistent with the findings of a comprehensive study, which indicated a prevalence of 19.9 percent in the overall population. Purpose: To study the effect of elimination diet on obese patient that suffer from food addiction Methods: The research examined 200 individuals with obesity (BMI between and 40 kg/m). The study included 200 men and women between the ages of 30 and 45. The patient divided randomly to control group :100 Patients in this group received a diet plan based on low calorie intake. Were followed by one visit of a diet session weekly. Study group:100 Patients in this group received six-food elimination diet. Patient Were followed by one visit of a diet session weekly. age groups were selected to avoid co...
Italian Journal of Eating Disorders and Obesity
IJEDO, 2020
Intermitting fasting has been proposed as a dietary strategy to improve general health indicators, slow or reverse disease processes and aging. However, data supporting the beneficial health effects of intermittent fasting mainly derive from preclinical studies in animals and short-term clinical studies on weight loss and non-communicable disease risk factors, with no significant differences on these outcomes when intermittent fasting has been compared with moderate continuous energy restriction in humans. No data are available on the effect of intermitting fasting on clinically important outcomes in humans, such as the onset of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and life expectancy. Instead, several studies found an association between delayed eating (i.e., spending many hours during the day without eating) and increased risk of developing episodes of overeating and binge eating. Moreover, the procedure of regular eating, adopted by the "enhanced" cognitive behavior therapy for eating disorders (CBT-E), results in a rapid decease in the frequency of binge-episodes in patients with bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorders. These data indicate that regular eating, not intermitting fast, is the best choice for adopting a healthy eating control and avoiding the development of unregulated and, in some cases, disturbed eating behavior.
The susceptibility of humans to obesity is far higher compared with other species and in man favours the deposition of fat. Amongst mammals humans have reported to have the highest levels of fatness than any other species with alteration in genes, high calorie diets and environmental factors that predispose humans to obesity. Environmental factors such stress, anxiety and depression are important to consider with the global increase in obesity and is possibly linked to the rise in individuals with mental disorders such as depression. The billion dollar drug industry that targets appetite control in obesity will address issues of post-prandial lipid metabolism and anti-obese drugs that control appetite and will improve post-prandial lipidmetabolism that is closely connected to hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease. Various factors effect appetite and brain metabolic diseases and require early intervention with drug therapy to prevent diseases of various organs such as non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obesity related organ dysfunction. Postprandial lipid metabolism is abnormal in obese individuals and closely connected to the NAFLD and the metabolic syndrome in these individuals. Novel anti-obese designer drugs are involved in regulation of food intake and appetite control linked to cholesterol metabolism and lifespan. Anti-obese drugs regulate genes linked to appetite control and human fatness and are under evaluation in Western countries for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
Prof. E. Babicz-Zielińska) trition…, 2003]. Obesity is a chronic non-infectious disease, which signifi cantly deteriorates the quality of life, shortens its length and constitutes a risk factor for many other metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cancer of uterus, colon and breast cancer, hypertensive disease, degenerative arthritis, stroke and coronary heart disease. The increase in relative body mass index (BMI) by a single unit increases the risk of diabetes by 20-50% and the risk of cancer by 3-10% [Comparative quantifi cation..., 2004].
Il costrutto della "Food Addiction" (FA) è stato introdotto negli ultimi anni per meglio comprendere i pattern alimentari disfunzionali osservati nei pazienti obesi e in sovrappeso e nei pazienti con disturbi del comportamento alimentare (DCA). Nonostante i numerosi parallelismi tra la dipendenza da sostanze e la FA, non c'è ancora accordo nel considerare la FA come un indipendente DCA né un concetto utile. L'obiettivo della presente rassegna è stato quello di riassumere i dati disponibili al fine di aumentare le conoscenze su: 1) definizione, misurazione e caratteristiche generali della FA; 2) prevalenza della FA in campioni clinici e non clinici. I dati disponibili suggeriscono che la FA sia un costrutto transnosografico presente in tutti i DCA, con una prevalenza più elevata nella bulimia nervosa. Nonostante il dibattito sull'autonomia della FA come DCA rimanga aperto, gli studi riportati suggeriscono che la comorbilità tra FA e DCA sia associata con peggiori outcome clinici, giustificando di conseguenza l'assessment e il trattamento della FA. PAROLE CHIAVE: food addiction, food craving, disturbi del comportamento alimentare, obesità, sovrappeso.
The non-regulation of food intake in humans: Hope for reversing the epidemic of obesity
Few doubt that human feeding behavior is part of larger biology regulatory system of energy stores, but the extent to which eating behavior is controlled by these biology systems and how much is due to responses to environmental stimuli is presently under debate. The results of a series of studies are presented which have attempted to determine the responsiveness of human feeding behavior to some of the ''classic'' biological variables that have conventionally been used to argue the biological basis of eating behavior. When humans are challenged with either overfeeding, underfeeding, or alterations of the caloric density of the diet, they fail to demonstrate precise caloric compensation. When challenged with changes in environmental stimuli, on the other hand, humans appear to be very sensitive to changes in portion size, the number of people with whom they eat, the amount that others eat and the variety of foods available. Other more chronic influences demonstrate that body weight appears to change when people move from one area of the world to another, when they enter the college environment, or when they either marry or break up. It is argued that because humans appear to be more responsive to the external environment than internal biological cues, it should be possible to curb or even reverse the epidemic of obesity by changing aspects of the external environment or human interactions with environmental variables rather than changing their internal environment through pharmacology.
Obesity A Biobehavioral Point of View
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1990
If you ask an overweight person, "Why are you fat?', you will, almost invariably, get the answer, "Because 1 eat too much." You will get this answer in spite of the fact that of thirteen studies, six find no significant differences in the caloric intake of obese versus nonobese subjects, five report that the obese eat significantly less than the nonobese, and only two report that they eat significantly more. It is hard to overcome this possibly incorrect belief about the cause of obesity when most practicing professionals and certainly every diet book is based on the assumption that excessive caloric intake is at fault. In spite of a failure rate approaching 90 to 95%, we still cling to dietary exhortations in our treatments, and suspect that lack of adherence to our recommendations is responsible for failure. Recent research in the field of biochemistry suggests that several newly discovered factors, as well as others that have been known for years but generally overlooked, may contribute to obesity in a way that is not easily remedied by dieting. Caloric restriction may lead to an adaptive metabolic response that reduces a person's daily energy needs, and to hormone and enzyme changes that lead to an enhanced rate of fat storage following caloric restriction. Adaptive responses may be associated with initial dispositional tendencies for some individuals to be heavier than others, and, together, these adaptive and dispositional tendencies may provide a basis for the continual frustration experienced by millions of persons who repeatedly diet to lose weight. We will review evidence for these adaptive and dispositional tendencies that resist weight loss efforts and then suggest an alternative approach to severe caloric restriction based on data from the Vanderbilt University Weight Management Program.