Antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic bark extract of Mitragyna diversifolia (original) (raw)
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Antidiarrhoeal effects of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Mitracarpus villosus
Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2018
Mitracarpus villosus (S.W) DC is used as treatment for diarrhoea and dysentery in some communities of West Africa. This study aimed to investigate the antidiarrhoeal effects of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Mitracarpus villosus in mice to substantiate its use as an antidiarrhoeal preparation in traditional medicine. The mean lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was assessed in mice. The effect of the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) on diarrhoea was evaluated against castor oil- induced diarrhoea. Castor oil-induced enteropooling was used to determine the effect of the plant extract on intestinal intraluminal fluid accumulation and the activity of Mitracarpus villosus extract on intestinal motility was investigated by means of the charcoal meal test and distal colonic bead expulsion time. Effect on gastric emptying was also evaluated. The extract decreased the number of wet feaces produced in a significant (P<0.05), dose-related manner. The extract also cau...
A Study of Analgesic and Antimicrobial Potential of Mitragyna Parvifolia
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, 2009
The present study was designed to evaluate the analgesic and antimicrobial activities of ethanolic extract of leaves of Mitragyna parvifolia plant (Rubiaceae) family. The analgesic activity was carried out on swiss albino male mice by Eddy’s hot plate and Acetic acid induced writhing test. The extract showed only moderate analgesic potential in acetic acid induced writhing test at all the test doses while the extract at the dose of 500 mg/kg (P less than 0.01) showed strong analgesic activity comparable to standard drug Diclofenac sodium (50 mg/Kg, i.p.) in hot plate method. The extract in different concentrations was also tested for antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion method. The extract significantly inhibited S. aureus and showed some degree of inhibition against P. aeruginosa and E. coli.
Antidiarrheal activity of some selected Nigerian plants used in traditional medicine
Pharmacognosy Research
Context: Herbal preparations of the various parts of Vitellaria paradoxa, Neorautanenia mitis, Senna surattensis, and Hydnora abyssinica have been used in the Nigerian traditional medical practice to treat the symptoms of diarrhea in humans and animals. Aims: This study aims to validate claims of the traditional use of these plants in the treatment of diarrhea and provide a scientific basis for further studies. Materials and Methods: The median lethal dose (LD50) values of the extracts were obtained using the Limit test. Castor oil induced diarrhea and intestinal transit (motility) models in albino rats were used to determine the antidiarrheal activity. Graded doses of the extracts were administered to 3 test groups, while the positive control groups were given standard drugs (atropine and loperamide) and the negative control groups received distilled water per os. Results: The LD50 was considered higher than 2000 mg/Kg for all the extracts. In the castor oil-induced diarrhea model, the highest percentage inhibition of defecation was observed in the test groups treated with the extracts of H. abyssinica (82%) followed by S. surattensis (81%), N. mitis (66%), and V. paradoxa (32%). H. abyssinica extract significantly decreased the intestinal transit of charcoal meal compared to the other extracts. Conclusion: The antidiarrheal activities of all the extracts give credence to their traditional use. H. abyssinica comparatively had the best antidiarrheal activity and has the potential as an antidiarrheal agent. Thus, the need for further studies of this extract to investigate active fractions, isolate and characterize active compounds, and determine their activities and safety.
Evaluation of some medicinal plant extracts for antidiarrhoeal activity
Phytotherapy Research, 2005
The antidiarrhoeal activity of six Egyptian medicinal plant extracts (200 and 400 mg kg −1 ) and their effect on motility of isolated rabbit's duodenum was investigated. Phytochemical screening of the plant extracts for their active constituents was also carried out by TLC. Oral administration of methanol extract from Conyza dioscoridis (CD) or Alhagi maurorum (AM) in a 200 mg kg −1 dose exhibits a significant antidiarrhoeal effect against castor oil-induced diarrhoea, while Mentha microphylla (MM), Convolvulus arvensis (CA), Conyza linifolia (CL) produced no significant effect. In a dose of 400 mg kg −1 , Mentha microphylla, Conyza dioscoridis, Alhagi maurorum, Zygophyllum album (ZA), and Conyza linifolia produced a significant (P < 0.01) effect, while Convolvulus arvensis produced no antidiarrhoeal effect in rats. Methanol extract of Mentha microphylla, Conyza dioscoridis, Zygophyllum album, and Convolvulus arvensis induced a dose-dependent (0.4-2.8 mg ml −1 ) relaxation of rabbit's duodenal smooth muscle. Alhagi maurorum and Conyza linifolia increased the contractile force in concentrations between 0.4 and 1.6 mg ml −1 . Higher concentrations (>3.2 mg ml −1 ) caused a rapid depressant effect. The depressant effect induced by Alhagi maurorum (in a higher dose) and Zygophyllum album appeared to be due to calcium channel blocking effect, since CaCl 2 could not restore the contractile response of the tissue impregnated in calcium free-medium. However, a ganglionic blocking effect appeared to be a possible mechanism of action of Mentha microphylla and Conyza dioscoridis since a stimulant dose of nicotine could not restore the contractile response of the tissue. The effect of Convolvulus arvensis and Conyza linifolia was not through any of the common mediators. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, unsaturated sterols/triterpenes, carbohydrates, lactones and proteins/amino acids as major constituents.
Objective: From the past few years there is increasing research interest on the natural compounds, due to their wide variety of pharmacological activities. The main aim of the present study was to conduct the evaluation of the Poly herbal suspension (PHS) which includes the preliminary phytochemical screening, standardisation and experimental antiulcer activity. Methods: In this study we conduct the phytochemical screening, standardisation using the high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) & infra-red spectroscopy (IR). Also, the PHS was evaluated for the acute toxicity and antiulcer activity at 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg in adult albino wistar rats induced by the ethanol (1ml/kg), indomethacin (40mg/kg) and aspirin (150mg/kg) ulcer models. Results: After phytochemical screening, the PHS showed the presence of the terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins which produces antiulcer activity. The therapeutic efficacy achieved at both dose levels of the PHS when compared with the standard sucralfate (100mg/kg) showed a significant (P<0.05) antiulcer activity in ethanol induced model, PHS shown a significant reduction (P<0.05) of ulceration when compared with the indomethacin induced control group as that of misoprostol (100 mcg/kg) and same as the above it shown the anti-ulcerogenic protection in aspirin induced model, here the standard drug was omeprazole (10mg/kg). The highly significant antiulcer activity was exhibited at dose level of 800mg/kg. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed the pronounced anti-ulcerogenic activity of the PHS at the dose of 800mg/kg after the standard phytochemical and pharmacognostical study.
2007
Reanmongkol, W., Keawpradub, N. and Sawangjaroen, K. Effects of the extracts from Mitragyna speciosa Korth. leaves on analgesic and behavioral activities in experimental animals Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., March 2007, 29(Suppl. 1) : 39-48 The leaves of Mitragyna speciosa Korth. (M. speciosa) were extracted with methanol to give methanol extract. The methanol extract was made in acid and then in alkaline and extracted with chloroform to give alkaloid extract. The effects of the methanol and alkaloid extracts on analgesic activities in hot plate test in mice and tail flick test in rats and behavioral activities in locomotor activity and pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice, were examined. In acute toxicity test, the LD50 values of oral administration of the methanol and alkaloid extracts of M. speciosa leaves in mice were 4.90 g/kg and 173.20 mg/kg, respectively. Oral administration (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) of the methanol extract of M. speciosa leaves significantly prolonged the l...
Evaluation of activities of Mitragyna parvifolia fruit extract
Ethanolic extract of the Mitragyna parvifolia was evaluated for antiinflammatory, analgesic and antimicrobial activities. The extract showed very significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential. The analgesic activity was significant at the dose of 500 mg/kg (P< 0.01) while the doses of 250 and 100 mg/kg showed only promising results. The extract at the dose of 500 mg/Kg showed very high % inhibition in edema volume comparable to standard drug Diclofenac sodium (50 mg/Kg, i.p.). The plant extract did not exhibit any anti-bacterial potential against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ) and a voucher specimen of the sample (Sr. No. KUK/IPS/2008/MP-105) has deposited in the Herbarium collection at Department. The fruits were cleaned and dried in the shade, then powdered to 40 mesh and stored in an airtight container. Preparation of Extract: Dried fruits powder (900 gm) was divided in three parts, treated each three times with fresh ethanol (1000 ml) separately for 48 h. The ethanolic extracts thus obtained were combined, filtered and distilled on a water bath. The last traces of the solvent were evaporated under reduced pressure in rotatory evaporator. The yield of the ethanolic extract was 1.83 % w/w. Pharmacological studies were carried out by suspending a weighed amount of the extract in normal saline (95 ml): tween 80 (5 ml) ratio. Test animals: Wistar rats weighing 180-200 gram and Swiss albino mice weighing 25-30 gm were obtained from Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar, Haryana, (India). The animals were housed in Animal house, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra (Haryana) in polycarbonate cages, in a room maintained under controlled room temperature 22 ± 2 0 C, relative humidity 60 -70% and provided with food and water ad libitum. All the experimental procedures and protocols used in the study were reviewed by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (Register Number: 562/02/a/CPCSEA) and were in accordance with the guidelines of the CPCSEA, Ministry of Forests and Environment, Government of India. The animals were deprived of food for 24 h before experimentation but allowed free access to water throughout. All studies were carried out by using five groups of animals for both anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. Drugs: All the standard drugs (Ciprofloxacin and Diclofenac sodium) were obtained from various chemical units -E. Test microorganisms: Four microbial strains were selected on the basis of their clinical importance in causing diseases in humans. Two Gram positive bacteria -Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96) and Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 121) and two Gram negative -Escherichia coli (MTCC 1652) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 741) were chosen for evaluation of antibacterial activity of the extract of the fruits of M. parvifolia. All the strains used for these studies were procured from MTCC, IMTECH, Chandigarh, India.
Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2018
Detarium senegalense JF Gmelin stem bark aqueous extract was investigated for its phytochemical contents as well as its anti-diarrhoea effects. The aqueous extract which is normally used in folkloric medicine was subjected to phytochemical screening. Graded doses of the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg per kg) were administered orally to three groups of rats (n = 5) before induction of diarrhoea with castor oil. Another two groups of animals were treated with normal saline (control) and diphenoxylate, a conventional anti-diarrhoea drug respectively. In two separate experiments, gastrointestinal transits of charcoal meal and gastro-intestinal enteropooling with the same graded doses of the aqueous extracts were used for comparison. The extract produced a significant inhibition of the castor oil induced diarrhoea in the animals. The gastrointestinal transit of charcoal meal was also reduced by the various doses used in this study. However, the intestinal fluid accumulation was only slightly reduced especially by 400 mg/kg dose of the extract. The aqueous extract alone dose dependently reduced the contractile amplitude of the jejunal tissue. The aqueous extract also decreased the contractile amplitude of isolated jejunal segment exposed to 0.2 ml of 10 µg/ml of acetylcholine. Phytochemical analysis of the stem bark extract revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenes and steroids, saponins and glycosides. The findings suggest that, the aqueous stem bark extract of D. senegalense possesses antidiarrhoeal effect, which could be related to inhibition of gastro-intestinal motility and secretion.
An Insight into the Effect of Mitragyna speciosa Korth Extract on Various Systems of the Body
2014
Mitragyna speciosa (MS) Korth is a tropical plant which has been widely used by locals for treatment of various diseases. However, the abuse of ketum has gained a lot of attention all over the world. Mitragynine is a major alkaloid of the plant which is widely used as a recreational drug because of its morphine-like properties. Several studies have been conducted based on the effects of MS crude extract and its alkaloid components. Toxicological effects of MS crude extract on experimental animals are still lacking. The present review was an effort to summarize the effects of MS on different systems of the body such as central nervous system, gastrointestinal system and urinary system. Better understanding of the toxicological effects on different organs may help in better diagnosis and treatment.
Antidiarrhoeal activity of different plants used in traditional medicine
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2007
Diarrhoea is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children under age of 5 years. In view of this problem, the World Health Organization has a Diarrhoea Disease Control Program, which includes studies of traditional medical practices together with the evaluation of health education and prevention approaches. In this paper a review of the last 7 years about the studies of extracts of plants used to combat diarrhoea in different countries has been done.