Gold nanoparticles enhance the radiation therapy of a murine squamous cell carcinoma (original) (raw)
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Abstract 2679: Gold nanoparticles enhance the radiation therapy of a murine squamous cell carcinoma
Cancer Research, 2011
The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that gold nanoparticle (AuNp, nanogold)-enhanced radiation therapy (nanogold radiation therapy, NRT) is efficacious when treating the radiation resistant and highly aggressive mouse head and neck squamous cell carcinoma model, SCCVII, and to identify parameters influencing the efficacy of NRT. Subcutaneous (sc) SCCVII leg tumors in mice were irradiated with x-rays at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) with and without prior intravenous (iv) administration of AuNPs. Variables studied included radiation dose, beam energy, temporal fractionation and hyperthermia. AuNPmediated NRT was shown to be effective for the sc SCCVII model. AuNPs were more effective aI 42 Gy than at 30 Gy (both at 68 kev median beam energy) compared to controls without gold. Similarly, at 157 keV median beam energy, 50.6 Gy NRT was more effective than 44 Gy NRT. At the same radiation dose 1-42 Gy), 68 keV was more effective than 157 keV Hyperthermia and radiation therapy (RT) were synergistic and AuNPs enhanced this synergy, thereby further reducing TCD50 s (tumor control dose 507o) and increasing long-term survivals. It is concluded that gold nanopafticles enhance the radiation therapy of a radioresistant mouse squamous cell carcinoma. The data show that radiation dose, energy and hyperthermia influence efficacy and better define the potential utility of gold nanoparticles for cancer x-ray therapy.
Gold nanoparticle hyperthermia reduces radiotherapy dose
Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine, 2014
Gold nanoparticles can absorb near infrared light, resulting in heating and ablation of tumors. Gold nanoparticles have also been used for enhancing the X-ray dose to tumors. The combination of hyperthermia and radiotherapy is synergistic, importantly allowing a reduction in X-ray dose with improved therapeutic results. Here we intratumorally infused small 15 nm gold nanoparticles engineered to be transformed from infrared-transparent to infrared-absorptive by the tumor, then heated by infrared followed by X-ray treatment. Synergy was studied using a very radioresistant subcutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCCVII) in mice. It was found that the dose required to control 50% of the tumors, normally 55 Gy, could be reduced to <15 Gy (a factor of >3.7). Gold nanoparticles therefore provide a method to combine hyperthermia and radiotherapy to drastically reduce the X-ray radiation needed, thus sparing normal tissue, reducing side effects, and making radiotherapy more effective. Go...
Gold nanoparticles and their alternatives for radiation therapy enhancement
Frontiers in Chemistry, 2014
Radiation therapy is one of the most commonly used treatments for cancer. The dose of delivered ionizing radiation can be amplified by the presence of high-Z materials via an enhancement of the photoelectric effect; the most widely studied material is gold (atomic number 79). However, a large amount is needed to obtain a significant dose enhancement, presenting a challenge for delivery. In order to make this technique of broader applicability, the gold must be targeted, or alternative formulations developed that do not rely solely on the photoelectric effect. One possible approach is to excite scintillating nanoparticles with ionizing radiation, and then exploit energy transfer between these particles and attached dyes in a manner analogous to photodynamic therapy (PDT). Doped rare-earth halides and semiconductor quantum dots have been investigated for this purpose. However, although the spectrum of emitted light after radiation excitation is usually similar to that seen with light excitation, the yield is not. Measurement of scintillation yields is challenging, and in many cases has been done only for bulk materials, with little understanding of how the principles translate to the nanoscale. Another alternative is to use local heating using gold or iron, followed by application of ionizing radiation. Hyperthermia pre-sensitizes the tumors, leading to an improved response. Another approach is to use chemotherapeutic drugs that can radiosensitize tumors. Drugs may be attached to high-Z nanoparticles or encapsulated. This article discusses each of these techniques, giving an overview of the current state of nanoparticle-assisted radiation therapy and future directions.
Investigation of Gold Nanoparticles Effects in Radiation Therapy of Cancer: A Systematic Review
Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 2022
10.30699/jambs.30.142.388 Background & Objective: In recent years, the use of nanoparticles (NPs), especially gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in radiotherapy, has been repeatedly studied by in-vitro, in-vivo experiments, and Monte Carlo simulation. Some studies declare that specific absorption of GNPs (with a higher atomic number) by cancerous cells increases radiations' lethal effect compared to normal cells. This review article aimed to investigate the radiosensitizing effect of GNPs in cancer radiotherapy. Materials & Methods: Research databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were examined from December 2019. All Gold Nanoparticles Radiation Therapy (GNRT) articles that studied the radiosensitization of gold nanoparticles in radiotherapy were involved in the assessment. Among 706 chosen articles, 52 documents were included in this investigation. Results: The results of all these studies indicate that an increase in tumor mortality happens due to higher radiation absorption by nanoparticles entering the tumor; however, the relationship between the interaction of radiant energy and the size of gold nanoparticles is controversial. Conclusion: This review article will discuss recent advances in the development of gold-based NPs to improve radiotherapy.
Role of Gold Nanoparticles in Enhancing Radiotherapy
Gold nanoparticles have gained significant attention in the field of cancer therapy due to their unique properties and potential to enhance radiotherapy. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms by which gold nanoparticles enhance radiotherapy, including increased radiation absorption, generation of secondary low-energy electrons, dose enhancement effects, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. The selective targeting and localization of gold nanoparticles in tumor tissues are discussed, highlighting the importance of surface modifications and functionalization. Furthermore, the utilization of gold nanoparticles in imaging techniques and treatment monitoring is explored, emphasizing their optical and photothermal properties. Preclinical studies using in vitro and in vivo models demonstrate the enhanced radiotherapy effects of gold nanoparticles. Th e ongoing clinical trials and translational research are summarized to assess the safety and efficacy of gold nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy in human subjects. The potential impact on cancer treatment and patient outcomes is discussed, along with the challenges and future perspectives in optimizing gold nanoparticle properties, standardizing protocols, addressing safety concerns, and integrating with other treatment modalities. In conclusion, gold nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy holds great promise in cancer treatment and further research is needed to fully exploit its potential and translate it into clinical practice.
The use of gold nanoparticles to enhance radiotherapy in mice
Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2004
Mice bearing subcutaneous EMT-6 mammary carcinomas received a single intravenous injection of 1.9 nm diameter gold particles (up to 2.7 g Au/kg body weight), which elevated concentrations of gold to 7 mg Au/g in tumours. Tumour-to-normal-tissue gold concentration ratios remained ∼8:1 during several minutes of 250 kVp x-ray therapy. One-year survival was 86% versus 20% with x-rays alone and 0% with gold alone. The increase in tumours safely ablated was dependent on the amount of gold injected. The gold nanoparticles were apparently non-toxic to mice and were largely cleared from the body through the kidneys. This novel use of small gold nanoparticles permitted achievement of the high metal content in tumours necessary for significant high-Z radioenhancement.
Radiotherapy enhancement with gold nanoparticles
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2008
Gold is an excellent absorber of X-rays. If tumours could be loaded with gold, this would lead to a higher dose to the cancerous tissue compared with the dose received by normal tissue during a radiotherapy treatment. Calculations indicate that this dose enhancement can be significant, even 200% or greater. In this paper, the physical and biological parameters affecting this enhancement are discussed. Gold nanoparticles have shown therapeutic efficacy in animal trials and these results are reviewed. Some 86% long-term (>1 year) cures of EMT-6 mouse mammary subcutaneous tumours was achieved with an intravenous injection of gold nanoparticles before irradiation with 250-kVp photons, whereas only 20% were cured with radiation alone. The clinical potential of this approach is also discussed.
A review on gold nanoparticles radiosensitization effect in radiation therapy of cancer
Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy, 2010
In the recent years, application of nanoparticles in diagnosis and treatment of cancer has been the issue of extensive research. Among these studies some have focused on the dose enhancement effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in radiation therapy of cancer. On the other hand, some studies indicated energy dependency of dose enhancement effect, and the others have studied the GNP
Gold nanoparticles for cancer radiotherapy: a review
Cancer Nanotechnology, 2016
Background Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and the number of cancer-diagnosed patients is rapidly increasing, in part due to an ageing population, and is expected to reach 22 million cases in the next two decades (Stewart 2015). Currently, the main therapeutic approaches used to treat cancer are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, delivered separately or in various combinations (Sánchez-Santos 2012). Surgery and radiotherapy are key players for treating primary non-metastasised solid tumours, but for patients with co-morbidities that are unfit for surgery, deep-seated tumours, especially those associated with major blood vessels, or brain tumours, combined chemotherapy approaches are common.
Nanotechnology, 2010
High atomic number (Z) materials such as gold preferentially absorb kilovoltage x-rays compared to soft tissue and may be used to achieve local dose enhancement in tumours during treatment with ionizing radiation. Gold nanoparticles have been demonstrated as radiation dose enhancing agents in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we used multiple endpoints to characterize the cellular cytotoxic response of a range of cell lines to 1.9 nm gold particles and measured dose modifying effects following transient exposure at low concentrations. Gold nanoparticles caused significant levels of cell type specific cytotoxicity, apoptosis and increased oxidative stress. When used as dose modifying agents, dose enhancement factors varied between the cell lines investigated with the highest enhancement being 1.9 in AGO-1522B cells at a nanoparticle concentration of 100 μg ml −1 . This study shows exposure to 1.9 nm gold particles to induce a range of cell line specific responses including decreased clonogenic survival, increased apoptosis and induction of DNA damage which may be mediated through the production of reactive oxygen species. This is the first study involving 1.9 nm nanometre sized particles to report multiple cellular responses which impact on the radiation dose modifying effect. The findings highlight the need for extensive characterization of responses to gold nanoparticles when assessing dose enhancing potential in cancer therapy.