“‘The Relics of Slavery’: Inter-racial Sex and Manumission in the American South,” Frontiers: A Journal of Women’s Studies Vol 31. 3: 22-30. 2010 . (original) (raw)

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References (38)

  1. Peggy Pascoe, What Comes Naturally: Miscegenation Law and the Making of Race in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009).
  2. Pascoe, What Comes Naturally, esp. part 1, 1-77.
  3. "Opinion of Daniel Dulany," in Helen Cattarall, Judicial Cases Concerning Ameri- can Slavery and the Negro (Washington, DC: The Carnegie Institute of Washington DC, 1936), 4: 47.
  4. Frederick Douglass, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave, ed. David W. Blight (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003), 45-46.
  5. Harriet Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, ed. Jennifer Fleischner (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2010), 52-55.
  6. For a detailed discussion of Rose Williams's experience, see Deborah Gray White, Ar'n't I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South (New York: W. W. Norton, 1985), 102-3.
  7. See Daina Ramey Berry's detailed discussion of this debate: Swing the Sickle for the Harvest Is Ripe: Gender and Slavery in Antebellum Georgia (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2007), 77-84.
  8. Berry, Swing the Sickle, 77-84.
  9. Nell Irvin Painter, "Soul Murder and Slavery: Toward a Fully Loaded Cost Ac- counting," in U.S. History as Women's History, ed. Linda Kerber (Chapel Hill: Univer- sity of North Carolina Press, 1995), 125-46.
  10. Deborah Walker King, African Americans and the Culture of Pain (Charlottes- ville: University of Virginia Press, 2008).
  11. For an overview of this fi eld see Wilma King, The Essence of Liberty: Free Black Women during the Slave Era (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2006).
  12. Berry, Swing the Sickle, 77-84.
  13. Jennifer L. Morgan, Laboring Women: Gender and Reproduction in the Making of New World Slavery (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004).
  14. "1662 Law of Virginia," in A Documentary History of Slavery in North America, ed. Willie Lee Rose (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1999), 16.
  15. William Kilty, Index to the Laws of Maryland, vol. 192 (Annapolis: Jeremiah Hughes Printing, 1800), 1026.
  16. Pascoe, What Comes Naturally, 22. Pascoe writes, "By using marriage to delineate race, lawmakers wrapped race in and around the gender differences that stood at the heart of nineteenth century marriage, which, in turn, stood at the heart of the Ameri- can South."
  17. T. Stephen Whitman, The Price of Freedom: Slavery and Manumission in Balti- more and Early National Maryland (New York: Routledge, 1997).
  18. Orlando Patterson, Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982), 209-39.
  19. "1809 Law of Maryland," in Kilty, Index to the Laws of Maryland, 192: 1026.
  20. Whitman, Price of Freedom, 122.
  21. Kimberly S. Hanger, Bounded Lives, Bounded Places: Free Black Society in Colo- nial New Orleans, 1769-1803 (Durham: Duke University Press, 1997).
  22. W. King, Essence of Liberty, 45.
  23. William Reynolds to Elizabeth, 1804, Anne Arundel County Manumission Re- cords, 1785-1808, Maryland State Archives, Annapolis.
  24. William Reynolds to Elizabeth, 1804.
  25. Joshua Rothman, "James Callender and Social Knowledge of Interracial Sex in Antebellum Virginia," in Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson, ed. Jan Ellen Lewis and Peter S. Onuf (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1999), 87-113. 26. Annette Gordon-Reed, The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2008).
  26. Gordon-Reed, Hemingses of Monticello, 17.
  27. Kathleen M. Brown, Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs: Gen- der, Race, and Power in Colonial Virginia (Raleigh: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), 237.
  28. Cattarall, Judicial Cases, 192: 1026.
  29. Cattarall, Judicial Cases, 192: 1026.
  30. Cattarall, Judicial Cases, 192: 1026.
  31. Jessica Millward, Charity's Folk: Enslaved Families, Freedom, and Memory in Pre- Civil War Maryland, Race in the Atlantic World 1700-1900 series (Athens: University of Georgia Press, forthcoming).
  32. Mary Ridout Deed, 1807, Anne Arundel County Court Manumission Records, 1807-1816, Maryland State Archives. See William Caulderhead, "Slavery in Maryland in the Age of Revolution, 1775-1790," Maryland Historical Magazine (Fall 2003): 303-94.
  33. John Ridout Deed, 1791, Anne Arundel County Court Manumission Records, 1797-1807, Maryland State Archives. 35. For discussion of "abroad marriages" see Brenda E. Stevenson, Life in Black and White: Family and Community in the Slave South (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 204-15.
  34. Millward, Charity's Folk; Joan C. Scurlock, "Bishop Family of Annapolis," un- published family history, African American Episcopal Historical Collection, Virginia Theological Seminary Archives, Alexandria. 37. 1810 Federal Census, Washington, DC; Janice Hayes Williams, "Our Local Legacy Tours/African American Heritage Tours," interview with the author, Nov. 1, 2009, An- napolis, MD.
  35. Stevenson, Life in Black and White, 166-205.
  36. Loren Schweninger, "The Fragile Nature of Freedom: Free Women of Color in the U.S. South," in Beyond Bondage: Free Women of Color in the Americas, ed. David Barry Gaspar and Darlene Clark Hine (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2004), 107. 40. Mary Ridout Deed, 1807.
  37. Pascoe, What Comes Naturally, 310; Zine Magubane, "Which Bodies Matter? Feminism, Post-structuralism, Race, and the Curious Theoretical Odyssey of the Hot- tentot Venus," Gender and Society 15, no. 6 (2001): 816-34.
  38. Pascoe, What Come Naturally, 310.