Analysis of Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Markers in Old Museum Sturgeons Yield Insights About the Species Existing in Western Europe: A. sturio, A. naccarii and A. oxyrinchus (original) (raw)
Related papers
Ancient mitochondrial DNA analyses of Iberian sturgeons
Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2009
TodayÕs European sturgeons are relics of erstwhile widely distributed populations, diminished mainly by overfishing and habitat changes over the centuries. While extinct European populations in the Baltic and North seas have been identified as Acipenser oxyrhinchus or A. sturio, a clear species determination on the Iberian Peninsula is still lacking. Plans to conserve existing populations and to reintroduce extinct wild populations in European rivers will benefit from information of historic population ⁄ genotype composition. In this study, we used techniques involving ancient DNA as well as morphological comparisons based on bony scutes to identify twelve samples from five archaeological sites (650BC BC-1500AD AD, one sample dated 10.1-11.8 ky) on the Iberian Peninsula. All amplified PCR products of bony scutes (n = 5) had the mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of European sturgeon. Neither mitochondrial haplotypes of A. naccarii nor mitochondrial haplotypes of A. oxyrinchus were found.
Genetic Identification of Western Mediterranean Sturgeons and its Implication for Conservation
Conservation Genetics, 2000
To date, the only native sturgeon species in Western Europe was believed to be Acipenser sturio. However, this species is currently restricted to the Gironde River (Southern France), and it poses serious difficulties for rearing in captivity and for using in recovery programme. Furthermore, it has been questioned whether A. sturio is in fact the only species within the rivers of Western Europe, as A. naccarii, a species previously considered endemic of the Adriatic region, has been reported from the Iberian Peninsula in recent years. Here, we have used forensic techniques to obtain DNA from several museum specimens of sturgeons caught in the Spanish Guadalquivir River and in other European rivers. We analysed DNA sequences from these specimens for five genetic markers (three nuclear and two mitochondrial regions), which were subsequently compared with sequences obtained from A. sturio and A. naccarii. Our study demonstrates that A. naccarii coexists with A. sturio, from the Adriatic Sea to the Iberian Peninsula, a finding that could be taken into account in future sturgeon recovery programmes in Western Europe.
Determining the specific status of the Iberian sturgeons by means genetic analyses of old specimens
To clarify the species status of sturgeon from rivers of the Iberian Peninsula, eight molecular markers (4 nuclear and 4 mitochondrial) have been analysed in different specimens from historical museum samples and prehistoric samples from archaeological sites. These analyses indicate that one of these specimens (UGP captured in the Guadalquivir River in the 19th century) is A. sturio, based on all the eight molecular markers, four of them used from the first time in this study. In previous analyses based on 5 genetic markers , our group assigned two specimens captured in this river in the 1970-80s (EBD8173 and EBD8401) to the species A. naccarii, suggesting the presence of this species in the Iberian Peninsula. In this work, this conclusion is drawn after successfully obtaining a mitochondrial marker in a very old scute from a prehistoric site (Acinipo, about 1500 BC, from the Gua-dalquivir River basin). On the other hand, in the specimen EBD8174 captured in the Guadalquivir in 1975, we have obtained two new mitochondrial markers confirming that it can be considered A. stu-rio for all the mitochondrial markers, but nuclear ones identify it as A. naccarii. Finally, two very old samples (Nerja E-VI and Nerja N/62-63) were not successfully characterized by any molecular markers. Some aspects and consequences of our results are discussed, such as the origin of the " mosaic " specimen EBD8174 and, above all, the native status of A. naccarii in historic and prehistoric times in the southern Iberian Peninsula.
Determinig the Specific Status of the Iberian Sturgeons by Means Genetic Analyses of Old Specimens
2010
To clarify the species status of sturgeon from rivers of the Iberian Peninsula, eight molecular markers (4 nuclear and 4 mitochondrial) have been analysed in different specimens from historical museum samples and prehistoric samples from archaeological sites. These analyses indicate that one of these specimens (UGP captured in the Guadalquivir River in the 19th century) is A. sturio, based on all the eight molecular markers, four of them used from the first time in this study. In previous analyses based on 5 genetic markers, our group assigned two specimens captured in this river in the 1970-80s (EBD8173 and EBD8401) to the species A. naccarii, suggesting the presence of this species in the Iberian Peninsula. In this work, this conclusion is drawn after successfully obtaining a mitochondrial marker in a very old scute from a prehistoric site (Acinipo, about 1500 BC, from the Guadalquivir River basin). On the other hand, in the specimen EBD8174 captured in the Guadalquivir in 1975, w...
Journal of Biogeography, 2018
Aim: The European sturgeon, Acipenser sturio, was classified as "Critically Endangered" in 1996. Its last natural population is currently living in the Gironde Estuary (French Atlantic coastal region) but has a low level of genetic diversity and is on the brink of extinction. In order to reconstitute the genetic structure, migrations and hybridization of the species across Europe, present-day and ancient tissues from museum specimens and archaeological remains were analysed at nuclear loci. Results obtained shed a new light on the limits of reintroduction for this species. Location: The present and past phylogeography of A. sturio in Europe are described with living specimens from the Gironde Estuary, museum specimens (19th and 20th centuries) and archaeological remains (260-2,500 BP) from most European coasts and rivers. Methods: We describe the current and past nuclear diversity observed at five microsatellite loci for 22 living, 42 museum and 38 archaeological specimens. Results: The results revealed high past allelic diversity for A. sturio in the western Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea, whereas the Atlantic and Black Sea regions were marginal areas with lower polymorphism. Acipenser sturio was subdivided into Atlantic and Mediterranean lineages, with between-lineage intraspecific hybrid individuals and Atlantic individuals caught in the Mediterranean, evidence of ancient migrations. Finally, these nuclear data also highlight hybrids with a sibling species, the Atlantic sturgeon (A. oxyrinchus), possibly even in the last living population in the Gironde Estuary. Main conclusions: Nuclear markers allowed the phylogeographic description of this sturgeon. The molecular analysis provided evidence of high past diversity in the Mediterranean and the detection of hybridization: two of the individuals analysed here (i.e. 3%) were A. sturio 9 A. oxyrinchus hybrids, five (8%) were found to have migrated between Atlantic and Mediterranean (individuals of Atlantic lineage captured in the Mediterranean and vice versa) and two (3%) were Atlantic-Mediterranean hybridized. Around 10% of the A sturio specimens have undergone migrations between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, new knowledge
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2018
Aim: The European sturgeon, Acipenser sturio, was classified as "Critically Endangered" in 1996. Its last natural population is currently living in the Gironde Estuary (French Atlantic coastal region) but has a low level of genetic diversity and is on the brink of extinction. In order to reconstitute the genetic structure, migrations and hybridization of the species across Europe, present-day and ancient tissues from museum specimens and archaeological remains were analysed at nuclear loci. Results obtained shed a new light on the limits of reintroduction for this species. Location: The present and past phylogeography of A. sturio in Europe are described with living specimens from the Gironde Estuary, museum specimens (19th and 20th centuries) and archaeological remains (260-2,500 BP) from most European coasts and rivers. Methods: We describe the current and past nuclear diversity observed at five microsatellite loci for 22 living, 42 museum and 38 archaeological specimens. Results: The results revealed high past allelic diversity for A. sturio in the western Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea, whereas the Atlantic and Black Sea regions were marginal areas with lower polymorphism. Acipenser sturio was subdivided into Atlantic and Mediterranean lineages, with between-lineage intraspecific hybrid individuals and Atlantic individuals caught in the Mediterranean, evidence of ancient migrations. Finally, these nuclear data also highlight hybrids with a sibling species, the Atlantic sturgeon (A. oxyrinchus), possibly even in the last living population in the Gironde Estuary. Main conclusions: Nuclear markers allowed the phylogeographic description of this sturgeon. The molecular analysis provided evidence of high past diversity in the Mediterranean and the detection of hybridization: two of the individuals analysed here (i.e. 3%) were A. sturio 9 A. oxyrinchus hybrids, five (8%) were found to have migrated between Atlantic and Mediterranean (individuals of Atlantic lineage captured in the Mediterranean and vice versa) and two (3%) were Atlantic-Mediterranean hybridized. Around 10% of the A sturio specimens have undergone migrations between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, new knowledge
Nonconcordant evolutionary history of maternal and paternal lineages in Adriatic sturgeon
Molecular …, 2003
Although analyses of intraspecific variability are an important prerequisite for species identification assays, only a few studies have focused on population genetics and historical biogeography of sturgeon species. Here we present the first study on genetic variability of the last remaining Adriatic sturgeon, Acipenser naccarii , derived from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Our mitochondrial DNA analyses arranged individuals into three distinguished mitochondrial DNA haplogroups (Po1, Po2 and Buna). Two haplogroups (Po1 and Buna) were correlated to geographical distribution, whereas the third (Po2) was not. It was, however, very closely related to one lineage of its Ponto-Caspian sister species, A. gueldenstaedtii. The distribution of nuclear markers (microsatellites and amplified fragment length polymorphism) was strongly correlated to geographical distribution. An assignment test based on nuclear data placed no specimen of A. naccarii to A. gueldenstaedtii and vice versa. Therefore, the presence of gueldenstaedtii -like haplotypes within the Po population is either the result of a postglacial introgression or an ancestral polymorphism and does not indicate a hybrid population. The most valuable tool for forensic species identification purposes is one diagnostic deletion separating all A. naccarii from A. gueldenstaedtii . As both A. naccarii populations are genetically differentiated, stocking of sturgeon from the Po River in Italy into waters of the Buna River would jeopardize the genetic differences between both populations and should thus be avoided.
Marine Biology, 1997
Morphometric and genetic methods were used to identify two sturgeon species, Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte, 1836, and A. sturio Linnaeus, 1758, captured in some of the principal rivers of the Iberian Peninsula, including the Guadalquivir. After measuring 25 Iberian specimens from a fishery and several Spanish and Portuguese museums and applying stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA), four specimens preserved in different museums [two specimens from the Guadalquivir river (EBD-8173 and EBD-8174), one specimen from the Tagus river (MUC1) and one specimen from the Mondego river (MUC46B)], as well as five specimens captured in the Guadalquivir river in the 1940s but not preserved (CM1, CM2, CM3, CM4 and CM5), were identified as A. naccarii. After cloning and characterisation of a satellite-DNA family, HindIII, from A.␣naccarii genome, its absence from the genome of A.␣sturio was determined. Using this satellite-DNA as a genetic marker and by means of dot-blotting, we demonstrate that the DNA of the two specimens captured during the mid-1970s in the Guadalquivir river cross-hybridised with HindIII satellite-DNA sequences of A.␣naccarii. We conclude that A. naccarii is autochthonous to the Iberian Peninsula and is not, as was previously believed, endemic to the Adriatic Sea.
Conservation Genetics, 2009
Sturgeon disappeared from the Rhône River in the mid 70's without certitude about which species it was and about the existence of a sympatry between European sturgeon, Acipenser sturio, and Adriatic sturgeon, A. naccarii, in this watershed. In order to reach a reliable specific determination of this extinct sturgeon population, archaeozoological remains of the Jardin d'Hiver in Arles city, on the Rhône river banks, were genetically analysed, following strict criteria of authentication for the ancient DNA work. The rich collection of Arles sturgeon bone remains stems from human activities between the 6th and the 2nd Century BC. Sequences of 86 bp of the cytochrome b gene were obtained on four bones, from different anatomical parts of the fish and from different archaeological layers. All gave A. sturio diagnostic sequences. This preliminary analysis is an essential first step in the project of sturgeon reintroduction in the Rhône River. Thus, further analyses on a larger sample are necessary to comfort this result and to solve the question of sympatry with A. naccarii.
L'esturgeon peuplait le Rhône (France) jusqu'à sa disparition, due à l'homme, au milieu des années 1970. Attribuée généralement à Acipenser sturio, son identité spécifique a été remise en question par des travaux récents en Italie et en Espagne, en particulier la sympatrie possible entre l'esturgeon européen (Acipenser sturio) et l'esturgeon adriatique (Acipenser naccarii). Des analyses génétiques ont été entreprises sur plusieurs os de la collection du Jardin d'hiver d'Arles pour résoudre cette question. Ces restes archéologiques appartiennent à des esturgeons pêchés dans le Rhône. L'analyse de l'ADN mitochondrial (cytochrome b) a clairement montré que l'esturgeon européen (A. sturio) vivait autrefois dans le fleuve. Des comparaisons morphologiques entre les os archéologiques et des squelettes actuels des deux espèces candidates (A. sturio et A. naccarii) ont également été réalisées. L'ensemble de ces travaux préliminaires montrent la faisabilité d'une étude à plus grande échelle afin d'envisager, à terme, une réintro duction de l'esturgeon européen dans le Rhône. Mots-clés. Esturgeon, ADN ancien, diversité génétique, Protohistoire, Rhône.