Trust and Patience after a Tornado (original) (raw)
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Trust in Emergency Management Authorities and Individual Emergency Preparedness for Tornadoes
Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy, 2020
The risks associated with disasters can be significantly reduced if individuals are well prepared according to the orders and recommendations of emergency management authorities such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and local government. Despite this fact, there is evidence that individuals are not cooperative with these authorities and are therefore underprepared for an emergency. This article argues that individual trust in emergency management authorities may affect their cooperation with emergency preparedness recommendations. Using unique survey data, this study finds a nuanced relationship between individual emergency preparedness for tornadoes and trust in emergency management authorities. Although trust in FEMA in isolation does not explain variations in individual preparedness for tornadoes, increased preparation for a tornado is explained by trust in local government contingent upon a low baseline level of trust in FEMA. This article concludes with some practical and theoretical implications for emergency management authorities and scholars.
Disaster Prevention and Management, 2023
Purpose: The erosion of 'trust' (among citizens as well as within and between institutional levels) is a worrying aspect of these turbulent times in Europe and beyond. Trust (between citizens and institutions, citizens and experts, policymakers and experts, and among different levels of governance) is crucial in all dimensions of disaster resilience. Risk perceptions stem from a complex web of feedback between individuals, communities, institutions, and experts. Sometimes, institutions and experts are slow or even resistant to accepting signals and knowledge about risks coming from the grassroots. Or, it is the other way around, and citizens are skeptical about the information coming from institutions and experts. Thus, trust must work in all directions (from citizens to institutions, from experts to citizens, etc.) to build a cooperative framework for action. Design/methodology/approach: Our article aims to explore the construction of trust and distrust in communities dealing with historical, actual, or potential disasters by putting forward a three-dimensional approach (societal, cooperative, and institutional). We convey the idea that less tangible aspects such as culture, contextual history, knowledge, and habits shape the perception of risk, the degree of preparedness and, ultimately, the impacts of environmental changes. Findings: These elements affect cooperative behaviors, and it is expected that the institutional environment which will vary across domestic, national, and regional contexts will play a significant role in nurturing trust or distrust in relation to disaster risk. Originality/value: This article will offer valuable insights by developing a new conceptual framework that can be translated and validated by future research.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Disaster preparation can reduce the impact of an earthquake on residents. Residents are more likely to undertake disaster preparedness if they perceive it to be effective. However, few studies have analyzed the influence of trust on this perception. This study surveyed 327 households in areas stricken by the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes to explore these issues. Trust was divided into government trust, emotional trust, and social trust, while the efficacy of disaster preparedness was divided into self-efficacy and response efficacy. A partial least squares structural equation model was used to explore the influence of trust on perceptions of the efficacy of disaster preparedness. The results show that: (1) government trust can directly increase perceived efficacy and indirectly increase self-efficacy via emotional trust; (2) emotional trust can directly increase self-efficacy; (3) social trust can directly reduce self-efficacy while indirectly increasing it by increasing emotional...
2011
Peoples' behavior in the aftermath of natural disasters may depend critically on various conditions. In this paper we postulate three conditions, likely to occur after massive natural disasters, that can adversely affect the trusting behavior of people within communities: rivalry for scarce relief and recovery recourses, increment of information asymmetries between agents (what we call aftermath moral hazard) that provides excuses to break pre-established-social contracts, and migration or social displacement of people. To investigate this issue a series of trust games were conducted in Chile to analyze whether the 2010 earthquake affected the trust and trustworthiness of villagers in rural areas. Experiments were conducted one year after the occurrence of the earthquake in a group of villages that were heavily affected by this disaster and in a group of villages that were not affected (villages that act as control group). Game outcomes and additional socioeconomic data collecte...
How Vulnerability and Trust Interact During Extreme Events
Administration & Society, 2008
The article discusses a theoretical model developed to predict the motivational dynamics of individuals facing extreme events. The model demonstrates how the imposed vulnerability of unexpected harmful events (e.g., natural disasters, accidents, serious illness) creates a second form of vulnerability for needy individuals when they rely on and cooperate with littleknown others offering rescue and care. Trust in the relationship between a care provider and a care receiver is used as the link between two types of vulnerability to articulate the process through which individuals assess their care provider's trustworthiness. This article outlines an approach for future tests of the model's hypotheses and discusses practical implications of the model for improving public services that depend on cooperation from individuals in extreme need as well as its theoretical contributions.
Do Natural Disasters Enhance Societal Trust?
Social Science Research Network, 2013
In this paper we investigate the long-and short-run relationships between disasters and societal trust. A growing body research suggests that factors such as income inequality, ethnic fractionalization, and religious heritage are important determinants of social capital in general, and trust in particular. We present new cross-country and panel data evidence of another important determinant of trust-the frequency of natural disasters. Frequent naturally occurring events such as storms require (and provide opportunity for) societies to work closely together to meet their challenges. While natural disasters can have devastating human and economic impacts, a potential spillover benefit of greater disaster exposure may be a more tightly knit society. JEL-Code: O100, Q540.
Administration & Society, 2008
The article discusses a theoretical model developed to predict the motivational dynamics of individuals facing extreme events. The model demonstrates how the imposed vulnerability of unexpected harmful events (e.g., natural disasters, accidents, serious illness) creates a second form of vulnerability for needy individuals when they rely on and cooperate with littleknown others offering rescue and care. Trust in the relationship between a care provider and a care receiver is used as the link between two types of vulnerability to articulate the process through which individuals assess their care provider's trustworthiness. This article outlines an approach for future tests of the model's hypotheses and discusses practical implications of the model for improving public services that depend on cooperation from individuals in extreme need as well as its theoretical contributions.
Individual perceptions of community resilience following the 2011 Joplin tornado
Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 2017
Approximately 6-7 months after the deadliest tornado in the United States since 1947, we conducted a RDD telephone survey of Joplin residents (N = 380) to examine perceptions of community resilience (CR). We found that participants had positive perceptions of the resilience of their community after this major disaster. Older participants were more likely to perceive the community to be resilient than younger participants. More tornado experience was related to lower perceptions of CR. More use of traditional media (television and newspapers) for tornado information and more conversation with friends, family and neighbours about the tornado was associated with higher CR perceptions. Overall, mediated and interpersonal communication processes appear important for fostering CR following a major disaster. 1 | INTRODUCTION Community resilience (CR) can be understood as the capacity for a community to "bounce forward" and adapt and recover after an adverse event (Houston, 2015). Adverse events and other hazards commonly addressed in the CR literature include natural and humancaused disasters, public-health emergencies, cyber attacks, climate change, and technological evolution (Longstaff, Armstrong, Perrin,