Chemical Composition of Urinary Calculi from Al-Jouf Province of Saudi Arabia (original) (raw)
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Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of urolithiasis in relation to patients six, age, and anatomical distribution of stones and to assess the chemical composition of urinary stones qualitatively to identify common type of urinary stone which prevalence in Nasiriyah city and how can provide the recurrence of stone formation if possible. Methods: Forty-four calculi obtained from 29 males and 15 females afflicted with Urolithiasis and admitted at Al Hussein Teaching Hospital, Thi-Qar governorate, Nasiriyah city, Iraq, from July 2010 to September 2011. Their ages ranged from 30 to 60 year. All samples analyzed qualitatively for ammonia, magnesium, phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, carbonate, calcium salts (oxalate and non-oxalate), uric acid, xanthine, and cystine by adopting standard methods. Results: The study results showed that, the prevalence of stones was more in males (65.91%) than females (34.09%) with male to female ratio of 1.93:1 and the high occurrence in patients aged from 30 to 50 years. The anatomical distribution of urinary stones showed high percent in kidneys 52.27 % (23 patients) and bladder 47.73 % (21 patients), but it is absent in ureters and urethral (0.00 %). All the stones were of mixed type, of these stones contained 42 (95.46 %) calcium salts (oxalate and non oxalate), uric acid, and ammonium ion, 41(93.18 %) phosphate, 33 (75.00%) magnesium and magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP), 29 (65.91%) carbonate, 26 (50.00) xanthine, and 7 (15.91 %) cystine. In addition, there are no differences in the chemical combustion between kidneys and bladder stones. Conclusion: Urolithiasis in Nasiriyah is a problem with high frequency in men than women and usually described as more frequent in age ranged 30 to 50 year and in kidneys and bladder than ureters and urethral. The majority of urinary stones types had a mixed type in which calcium salts (oxalate and non-oxalate), uric acid, ammonia phosphate and struvite were the predominant constituents related that both the metabolic disturbances and bacterial infection causes, which have the same majority and effect in the stone formation.
Analysis of chemical composition of urinary calculi from Northern border area of Saudi Arabia
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2019
The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of urinary calculi in people living in the northern border area of Saudi Arabia and to formulate suggestions for prevention of renal stones. Urinary stones were obtained from patients attending the Urology Departments of Prince Abdul Aziz Bin Musaad Hospital and Central Hospital, Arar, Saudi Arabia. Stones were analyzed using kit for semi-quantitative colorimetric determination of carbonate, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, oxalate, phosphate, uric acid and cysteine; manufactured by LTA s.r.l. Milano 15/F, 20060 Bussero (Milano), Italy. From a total of 55 urinary stones, 49 (89%) were retrieved from males, while 6 (11%) from females. Ages of patients ranged from 15 to 75 years with the mean of 50.22}14.46 and majority of patients were between 31-50 years (69.08%). Most of the patients were overweight (70.91 %) in both the genders. Calcium oxalate stones were 60%, uric acid 18.18% and calcium phosphate 10.90%, while other ...
Chemical Composition of Urinary Stones in Patients with Urolithiasis in Sana’a, Yemen
This study was aimed to identify of chemical composition of kidney stones of patient in Sana’a, Yemen because the lack of research done in this field. The study was integrated within the clinical practice. Patients, mothers or child's guardian received a simple explanation for the aim of the study as an ethical issue. 581 samples of chemical compositions were collected andanalyzed in the National Center for Public Health Laboratories Sana'a, Yemen according to qualitative method. The results showedthat 54.6 % of the calcium oxalate, 6.3 % of the uric acid, 0.7 % of the calcium phosphate, 29.6 % of the calcium oxalate and uric acid, 6.7 of the calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, 1 % calcium oxalate and calcium carbonate, 0.5 % of the calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and uric acid, 0.5 % of the calcium oxalate, calcium carbonate and uric acid, and 0.2 % calcium phosphate and uric acid. In conclusion, calcium oxalate was the most predominant chemical compositions in stones and it represents common urological problem in Sana’a, Yemen.
Mineralogy and chemistry of urinary stones: patients from North Jordan
Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2008
Urinary stone diseases are increasing in the Middle East. The majority of urinary stone cases are found in the northern part of the country. Stone samples taken from patients living in the Irbid area were collected from Princess Basma Hospital. The present study concentrates on the mineralogical and chemical composition of the urinary stones and on the effective environmental factors that assist in developing the different types of urinary stones. Using X-ray diffraction techniques, the mineralogical composition of the urinary stones was found to be as follows: oxalate, cholesten, and uric acid, with cystine stones occuring more frequently than the others. Cholesten and calcium oxalate stones are the most dominant types of stones. Calcium oxalate is the most common type of oxalate stone. Calcium oxalate is represented in: whewellite, wheddellite, and calcium carbonate oxalate hydrate minerals, in addition to other minerals such as brushite, ammonium phosphate, vaterite, valleriite, and bobierrite from other types of stones. Bobierrite (phosphate group) is a new mineral reported in urinary stones, and this has not been determined in any previous study worldwide. Apatite (calcium phosphate) is deduced using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The SEM technique determined crystal forms and systems, shapes, morphological features, and the names of the minerals forming urine stones, while optical properties are studied by polarizing microscope. X-ray fluorescence technique determined the concentrations of major and some trace elements. It revealed that Ca is the main constituent of the urinary stones, especially those composed of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. The concentration of trace elements was Ba = 1.57, P = 3.61, Fe = 1.78, S = 2.08, Zr = 4.63, Mo = 3.92, Cu = 1.89, Co = 1.56, and F = 4.2% and was higher in the urinary stones of Jordanian patients than in foreigners in the country. Questionnaires completed by patients suggest that the most significant factors directly effecting the formation of stones are water, climate conditions, food rich in protein and rich in different chemicals. Moreover, some drugs and diseases might also help in developing other stones.
Urinary stones in Eastern Saudi Arabia
Urology Annals, 2016
Introduction: Nephrolithiasis is a common problem worldwide especially in areas of the hot climate like Saudi Arabia. The aim of this analysis was to study the characteristics of urinary stones in Eastern Saudi Arabia and to report the following: Composition of urinary stones, age and gender distribution, seasonal variation of stone development, comorbid conditions associated with stone development and the incidence of urinary stones. Methods: All urinary stones that were submitted to the Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, previously Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization for analysis from January 2011 through January 2013 were analyzed. Results: A total of 384 urinary stones were collected and submitted for analysis from 347 patients. There was a male predominance with a male: female ratio of 3.9:1. The average age was 48.5 ± 12.8 years. Weight abnormality was predominant in both genders, and especially females. Calcium-based stones constituted the great majority (84.6%) followed by uric acid stones (12.8%). The other forms of stones were rare. More stones were recovered during the hot season, May to September. The calculated annual incidence of urolithiasis was 111/100,000 individuals. Conclusion: Calcium based stones are the most common urinary stones observed in Eastern Saudi Arabia. There is a clear association between the diagnosis of urinary stones and the hot season
Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform the chemical analysis of stones to know the pattern of biochemical composition of stones in Sudanese subjects. Methods: 169 renal stones were analyzed during the period from February to December 2008. 96 patients were referred to Gezira Hospital for Renal diseases and Surgery (GHRDS), Gezira state, central Sudan. The stones were analyzed by semi quantitative method in the Gezira central laboratory. Kits were used for chemical analysis of stones. Calcium, phosphate, oxalate, uric acid, carbonate and cystine were determined. Results: Male to female ratio was 2:1. Calcium, oxalate and uric acid were the most common forms of stones (90.5%), followed by phosphate (4.7%), carbonate (3.0%) and cystine which accounted for 1.8% of the study subjects. Conclusion: The relative frequency of calcium oxalate stones in our study about University Of Gezira
Chemical analysis of stones and its significance in urolithiasis
The search of literature showed Urolithiasis as a multifactorial recurrent disease, distributed worldwide in urban, rural , non industrial and industrial regions with different chemical composition of analyzed stones in context to various etiological and risk factors. The present study was aimed to qualitatively analyze the uroliths obtained by surgical intervention at Krishna hospital Karad, a South West region in Maharashtra (India), to evaluate the predominant constituent present in them and report its significance. The study reported, urolithiasis was more suffered by individuals between the age group of 30 to 60 years with more predominance in males than females. The chemical analysis of uroliths showed that all the assessed stones were of mixed heterogeneous type, Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (71.2%) was predominant constituent followed by Calcium Oxalate (68.8%), Calcium Carbonate (64.0%), Urate (44.8%), Cystine (12.8%), Xanthine (2.4%) and Fibrin (1.6%). The study concludes simple qualitative laboratory based method for assessing chemical composition of various uroliths allowed a reliable diagnosis of stone contents whose data may be useful in advising the people of this region for taking preventive measures for reducing the risk of prevalence and recurrence of urolithiasis in them.
Urolithiasis in Tunisian children: a study of 120 cases based on stone composition
Pediatric Nephrology, 1999
The composition of urinary stones in children depends on socioeconomic conditions and hygiene, geographical area, and dietary habits. We analyzed urinary stones from 120 consecutive Tunisian children (81 males, 39 females) aged 5 months to 15 years. The stone was located in the upper urinary tract in 91 cases (76%). Stone analysis included both a morphological examination and an infrared analysis of the nucleus and the inner and peripheral layers. The main components of bladder calculi were whewellite (69%) and struvite (22%), whereas the main component of upper urinary tract calculi was whewellite (67%). The nucleus of bladder stones was composed of ammonium urate (45%), struvite (28%), cystine (10%), and carbapatite (7%). The nucleus of kidney and ureteral calculi was mainly composed of ammonium urate (38%), whewellite (24%), carbapatite (13%), or struvite (11%). Based on stone composition, urinary tract infection was involved in the nucleation or growth of a third of calculi. Endemic urolithiasis involving simultaneous nutritional, metabolic, and infectious factors, and defined by its nucleus composed of ammonium urate without struvite, represented 40% of cases. Exclusive metabolic factors – including genetic diseases such as primary hyperoxaluria, cystinuria, and hypercalciuria – were responsible for less than 25% of cases.
Epidemiology and chemical composition of upper urinary tract calculi
Urolithiasis is a worldwide problem, but the incidence differs depending upon geographical location, race, heredity, climate, congenital anomalies of urinary organs, inborn errors of metabolism, age, sex, etc. in India the incidence of urolithiasis is higher in northern states compared to that in southern states. The aim and objectives of the study were to evaluate the patient with upper urinary tract stones in terms of incidence, clinical presentation, age and sex distribution and tostudy various predisposing factors and chemical composition of upper urinary tract stones. The material for the clinical study of upper urinary tract stones was taken from the cases admitted to Department of General Surgery; Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shimoga in the period of April 2014 to March 2015. As a routine for the cases of upper urinary tract stones, the patients are subjected to physical examination, routine investigations and ultrasonography of the abdomen. The patients are then subjected to either forced diuresis or surgical procedures like pyelolithotomy or ureterolitholomy or nephrectomy depending upon the size and location of the calculus and extent of renal damage. The stones recovered are then subjected to chemical analysis. In the above mentioned period a total of 29 cases were evaluated and details of these cases were collected from medical records from the MRD, SIMS. The incidence of upper urinary tract stones in our study was 11 per 10,000 hospital admissions. The maximum incidence was observed in the third and forth decades. The overall male to female ratio is 3.8:1. The incidence of upper urinary tract stone appeared to be high in rural population. Nearly 60% of patients consumed hard water and 75% of patients were non vegetarians. The commonest mode of presentation was loin pain (96.5%). Urinary tract infection was present in 41% of patients and commonest organism being E.coli. In stone analysis it was found that all the stones except one were mixed stones. Calcium (96.5%), phosphate (96.5%) and oxalate (86.2%) were the predominant radicals. One case of pure uric acid calculus was found. The incidence, clinical presentation, age and sex distribution found in this study compares fairly with other Indian series conducted earlier. Comparatively high incidence of urinary calculi in the agriculturists and manual workers reflects the environmental influence of high temperature found in this part of our study. Similarly a higher incidence is noted in rural population who consume mainly ground water which is usually hard in nature. Finally the chemical composition of stones found in this series of study is in concurrence with earlier Indian and western series with calcium, phosphate and oxalate being predominant radicals.
Patternof Urinary Calculi ata Tertiary Hospital inSubsaharanAfrica
2017
Background: Urolithiasis is stone formation in the urinary tract which can be removed surgically to relieve symptoms or passed spontaneously in urine. They are sent to the laboratory for analyses, because knowledge of the chemical composition of stones aids appropriate treatment in order to prevent reoccurrence. We therefore aimed to determine the chemical composition of urinary calculi in our patients. Method: This was a retrospective study of the chemical composition of urinary calculi submitted to the Chemical Pathology laboratory at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu over a four year period. After conducting physical examination of the calculi received in the laboratory, a portion was crushed and analyzed using flame and chemical reagents. Results: Forty-fivestones were obtained from 37(82%) males and 8 (18%) females of which 37(82%) were adults and 8 (18%) children. Calculi were obtained from the following anatomic sites: Kidney 9(20%), Ureter 2(4.4%), Bladder 22 (4...