Development of the fetal rat liver: ultrastructural and stereological study of hepatocytes (original) (raw)
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Subcellular Morphometric and Biochemical Analyses of Developing Rat Hepatocytes
The Journal of Cell Biology, 1973
Livers of rats between the 16th gestational and 100th postnatal day of age were subjected to quantitative biochemical and electron microscope, morphometric analyses. The amount of total mitochondrial protein per gram of liver remained at 34% of the adult level throughout the last 4 days of gestation but this was the period of rapid rise in the levels of cytochrome c oxidase, aspartate aminotransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase in mitochondria; the nuclear fraction also acquired some glutamate dehydrogenase but lost most of it during postnatal development. During early postnatal life the amount of mitochondrial protein rose in parallel with the levels of cytochrome c oxidase and glutamate dehydrogenase but the upsurges of glutaminase and, later, of ornithine aminotransferase were accompanied by relatively little change in total mitochondrial protein. The surface area of rough endoplasmic reticulum per unit volume of hepatocyte cytoplasm (SvRER) did not change significantly through...
Ultrastructural and Morphometrical Study of Gestational Induced Changes in Mouse Liver
2015
This study was carried out to assess the ultrastructural findings of mice liver during pregnancy using transmission electron microscope. Thirty female adult mice, weighing 20-30 g, the mice were randomly into two groups A, B, (n=15, control & 15, pregnant), the liver tissues were collected and processed to paraffin block then sectioned and stained using transmission electron microscope to demonstrate fine structures in liver tissue. General morphological result showed changes of liver include increase in total body weight. Ultrastructural study revealed the changes in fine structure of hepatocytes with the presence of high number of mitochondria in pregnant group. Endothelial cell was large and more active, Ito cell showed increase in length and decrease in fat droplet.Widening of hepatic canaliculi in between hepatocytes and narrowing of space between hepatocytes and endothelial cell lining liver sinusoid. The study concluded that liver tissue shows changes during late stage of pre...
Studies on the Biochemistry of Mitochondria and Cell Morphology in the Neonatal Swine Hepatocyte
Journal of Cell Biology, 1972
Mitochondrial preparations isolated from neonatal swine hepatocytes show a marked increase in oxidative and concomitant phosphorylative capacity between birth and 2 days postpartum. There are no changes in the coupling parameters (respiratory control ratio and adenosine diphosphate/O ratio) with age. Changes in sedimentation properties in a sucrose gradient suggest qualitative changes in the mitochondria. Some of the lipid measurements (increased phospholipid) might be interpreted as supportive of this suggestion, although most could also be regarded as indicative of quantitative changes (increased number of mitochondria). Electron microscopy of isolated mitochondria and of the hepatocyte demonstrated an increased number of mitochondria but no change in shape, size, or structure as the pig developed. An increase in a number of cytoplasmic components (Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum) and a decrease in glycogen were also observed. The functional changes in mitochondria seem to occur within a short period of time (6-12 hr postpartum) .
Development of the liver during the fetal period
Saudi medical journal, 2005
To investigate the development of the liver in human fetuses aged between 9-40 weeks. We studied 121 human fetuses (62 males, 59 females) with no external anomalies aged between 9-40 postmenstrual weeks during 2003-2004 in Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. The fetuses were divided into four groups as 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters and full term fetuses. We measured fetal weight, length, width, thickness, and volume of the liver. We established localization of the liver and its relation with the neighboring structures, its ligaments, and size of itself and its lobes, shapes of the liver and the localization of the porta hepatis on the visceral surface of the liver. We found significant correlations between the size, weight, volume of the liver, sizes of its lobe and gestational age (p<0.001). Group comparisons disclosed significant differences between groups in all parameters except between 3rd and 4th groups with respect to the heights of the liver and the caudate lobe (...
A biochemical and stereological study of neonatal rat hepatocyte subpopulations
Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathology Including Molecular Pathology, 1987
Hepatocytes from 12-day-old rats, preand post-natally exposed to alcohol, together with those from pair-fed controls, were isolated and subfractionated in six cell subpopulations on Percoil density gradients. These cells were characterized using a combination of biochemical and stereological methods. The low density cells (F2) mainly showed biochemical and stereological features of perivenous hepatocytes, whereas the heavier cells (F6) were primarily periportal hepatocytes. The alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase (high and low Km) showed more activity in the F 2 fraction. Alcohol-altered mitochondria and Golgi apparatus occurred mainly in F 2 cells, whereas the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes appeared to be more altered in the F6 hepatocytes. Alcohol also induced the appearance of some small hepatocytes, with a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and an increased number of mitochondria. Biochemical data indicated that glutamate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase were more affected in F2 cells from alcohol-treated rats, and that the activity of the ethanol-metabolizing enzymes was also reduced in these hepatocytes. Our results indicate that alcohol exposure during zonal development in the liver could have a selective effect on specific cell components depending on the acinar zone, and that the perivenous hepatocytes appear to be more damaged under these conditions.
Histogenesis of Liver in Human Fetuses
Indian Journal of Anatomy, 2018
Liver is an important gland of gastrointestinal tract having both exocrine and endocrine functions and it is having the extensive power of regeneration. Its main function is to store excess of glucose in the form of glycogen. Not only the adult liver, the foetal liver is an important organ with synthetic and haemopoietic functions. The present study on histogenesis of liver in human fetuses is to unravel the sequence of events in different weeks of gestation. In the liver, the hepatocytes are arranged around the central vein in the form of radiating cords giving a lobular pattern, efferent and afferent structures are present at the periphery of the lobule in the form of portal triad and it shows an extensive haemopoiesis in mid gestation. So the present study confirmed the lobular pattern, portal triad structures and primitive blood vessels within the sinusoids showing foetal haemopoietic function which regress towards the term, at which the hepatocytes are occupied by plentiful glycogen deposits.
Biochemical changes in cultured foetal rat liver explants
The Biochemical journal, 1975
Liver explants from 20-day-old foetuses cultured for 48h in the absence of serum released 70% of their total soluble protein content into the medium. In the presence of serum this loss still amounted to 60%. The concentration of total particulate protein remained unchanged but there was some translocation of mitochondrial enzymes to the cytosol, and enzymes expected to increase during this stage of development failed to do so. The addition of cortisol plus glucagon (to serum-containing media) did not decrease the loss of total soluble protein from the explants but induced considerable tyrosine aminotransferase activity which was not released into the medium. The observations suggest that under the usual culture conditions a minority of the cells retain their functional integrity. The extent of deterioration, not reflected in histologically visible necrosis or cell damage, can be conveniently monitored by the malate dehydrogenase activity released to the medium.
Embryology, anatomy and physiology of the liver: Review
Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, 2023
The liver, located within the peritoneal cavity, is in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Additionally, it should be noted that the liver holds the distinction of being the largest gland within the human body, as well as the most extensive visceral tissue situated within the abdominal cavity. One of the factors contributing to the early migration of the developing intestines to an extracoelomic location during fetal development is their relatively bigger size in children, weighing between 1400 and 1800 g in adults. It contributes to the development of a distended abdomen in pediatric populations. The liver is situated in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and spans across the midline to the left upper quadrant. The heart remains susceptible to regular injuries despite the protective presence of ribs and cartilage. The liver, functioning as an accessory organ in digestion, undertakes several metabolic processes, including drug metabolism, bile production, and bilirubin synthesis, alongside numerous other functions. For a considerable period, medical professionals and anatomists have encountered challenges in comprehending the complex functions of the liver. Significant advancements in the comprehension of liver anatomy have contributed significantly to the notable progress observed in various surgical and interventional radiologic procedures involving hepatic artery infusion pumps, liver ablation, transplantation, transarterial chemoembolization, selective internal radiation therapy, and portal vein embolization. The existence of hepatic structure is crucial for developing and implementing gradual therapies. This page aims to provide an academic overview of the embryology, anatomy, and function of the liver. Keywords: Liver, Embryology, Anatomy, Physiology.
Cell differentiation and development : the official journal of the International Society of Developmental Biologists, 1989
Little is known about the role of the extracellular matrix in cellular growth, migration and differentiation in the developing liver. The distribution and origin of the main constituents of the hepatic extracellular matrix have never been studied during liver differentiation. We have investigated the extracellular and intracellular distribution of fibronectin, laminin and types I, III and IV collagen in both rat and human liver during the perinatal period by light and electron microscopy, using the indirect immunoperoxidase method. All these components were demonstrated extracellularly, located mainly in portal spaces and, to a lesser extent, surrounding central veins. In perisinusoidal spaces, variations in distribution were observed depending on the matrix protein, the age of the donor and the species. In fetal rat liver, fibronectin formed a continuous layer around hepatocyte clusters while laminin and type III procollagen were present in small amounts. Collagens and laminin were...