Application of Eexergy Analysis to Black Tea Production Process in Çamlı Tea Factory (original) (raw)
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Exergy analysis is a universal method for evaluating the rational use of energy. It can be applied to any kind of energy conversion system or chemical process. An exergy analysis identifies the location, the magnitude and the causes of thermodynamic inefficiencies and enhances understanding of the energy conversion processes in complex systems. Conventional exergy analyses pinpoint components and processes with high irreversibility. To overcome the limitations of the conventional analyses and to increase our knowledge about a plant, advanced exergy-based analyses are developed. These analyses provide additional information about component interactions and reveal the real potential for improvement of each component constituting a system, as well as of the overall system. In this paper, a real industrial plant is analyzed using both conventional and advanced exergy analyses, and exergoeconomic evaluation. Some of the exergy destruction in the plant components is unavoidable and constrained by technological, physical and economic limitations. Calculations related to the total avoidable exergy destruction caused by each component of the plant supplement the outcome of the conventional exergy analysis. Based on the all-reaching analysis, by improving the boiler operation (elimination of approximately 1 MW of avoidable exergy destruction in the steam boiler) the greatest improvement in the efficiency of the overall system can be achieved. detailed exergy analysis . In this point of view, the advanced exergy analysis performs the splitting total exergy destruction into the parts. In the one division, total exergy destruction can be splitting into the part which can be avoided, therefore called ''avoidable'', and into the part which can not be avoided, named ''unavoidable''. In the other division exergy destruction can be splitting into the endogenous and exogenous exergy destruction which are not going to be dealt with in this paper. An advanced exergy analysis has the purpose to supply engineers with more useful information related to energy systems improvement potential.
Integrated emergy and economic evaluation of tea production chains in Anxi, China
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Emergy and economic methods were used to evaluate and compare tea production systems in Anxi, China. Tea production was classified into three phases, i.e., the nursery, the plantation and tea processing, and each phase was evaluated. The results showed that the nursery subsystems were profitable with an economic output/input ratio of 2.86. However, the inclusion of a nursery had no significant influence on the sustainability of the tea plantation system, because it was a small part of the total input to the system. Applying organic fertilizer to replace 66% of the chemical fertilizer decreased the pressure of chemical loading on the environment, and as a result the cultivation phase's emergy sustainability index (ESI) increased 2.10 times. However, due to the relatively high price of organic fertilizer and the labor to spread it, the economic output/input ratio (1.61) of the mixed organic and chemical fertilizer mode was less than that of the chemical fertilizer mode (1.80). If all the tea leaves used in the processing phase were produced on the farm, instead of purchased from outside, about 30% of the economic cost of processing could be saved, and as a result the economic output/input ratio would increase by 41%; the ESI would increase 5.48 times and the emergy index for sustainable development (EISD) would increase 11.05 times. The overuse of chemical fertilizer and low productivity of labor are key problems that need to be solved for further optimization of the Anxi tea plantation systems.
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We mounted the thermodynamic evaluation model by means of the use of the actual dimension parameters of six hundred MW direct dry cooling strength plant in Wuxiang, China. The overall performance, particularly the exergy losses of the unit in addition to its subsystems in particular along with seven parts were acquired no longer most effective at one particular load however additionally at specific masses. We’ve determined that the exergy loss inside the boiler is generally greater than 70% of the whole exergy lack of the gadget, while the exergy loss of the combustion occupies more than 50% of that of the boiler. Therefore, it's far critical to lessen the losses inside the boiler for electricity saving capability development, in particular that of the combustion and warmth switch. on the same time, the cold stop optimization has fairly huge capacity for power saving due to that the exergy efficiency of the air cooling device is pretty low being approximately 5.7% or so. in addi...
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This work was aimed at undertaking a detailed exergy analysis of an industrial-scale yogurt drink production plant using actual operational data. Exergy efficiency and exergy destruction rate of each subcomponent of four main subsystems of the plant, including steam generation, above-zero refrigeration, milk reception, pasteurization, and standardization, and yogurt drink production lines were derived independently. This analysis was performed to quantify thermodynamic inefficiencies of all subcomponents of the plant in order to identify the breakthrough points for further energy savings. An effort was also made to compute the quantity of exergy destruction in processing a given amount of pasteurized yogurt drink. The results indicated that the highest exergy destruction rate occurred in the boiler & compressor combination of steam generator, followed by ice-water tank & agitator combination in the above zero refrigeration system. The specific exergy destruction of pasteurized yogurt drink was determined as 442 kJ/kg according to the mass allocation method. The steam generator had the highest contribution to the specific exergy destruction of pasteurized yogurt drink, followed by yogurt drink production, above-zero refrigeration, and milk reception, pasteurization, and standardization lines, respectively. In general, the current survey can be an important step for future improvements of dairy processing plants from the sustainability and productivity viewpoints. This study clearly showed the effectiveness of exergy analysis for determining irreversibilities and losses occurring in dairy processing plants in order to improve their thermodynamic performances.
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Trigeneration electric production can be defined as a power system in which heating and cooling are simultaneously produced. In this study, we attempted to decrease the energy consumption of a pharmaceutical factory. For this purpose, a trigeneration application was carried out based on the data from a currently active pharmaceutical factory in Istanbul, Turkey. The costs of exergy and exergy losses, the ratios of exergy losses, and the exergy economic factor parameters of the equipment were determined. The exergy economic factors were found and in view of these parameters, assessments were made to determine the improvements that could be made in the system equipments.