Systematic Review: Anticancer Potential of Active Compounds from Galangal (Alpinia galanga) (original) (raw)
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Systematic Review: Anticancer Potential of Active Compounds from Galangal (Alpinia galanga)
2022
Galangal (Alpinia galanga) is a plant that is widely spread in Southeast Asia and is widely used for cooking spices. Research related to the effect of A. galanga on cancer cells has been carried out. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the potential of A. galanga as an anticancer agent and co-chemotherapy. The literature search was carried out through the Pubmed, Science Direct, Springer Link, DOAJ, and Garuda Portal databases. The keywords used were "Alpinia Galanga and Anticancer", "Alpinia Galanga and Cytotoxicity", "Lengkuas dan Sitotoksik", "Lengkuas dan Kanker", and "Alpinia Galanga and Cancer". Of the 965 articles found at the beginning of the search, 31 articles were obtained which had been filtered and discussed further. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of A. galanga had a cytotoxic effect because it contained antioxidant polyphenols that inhibited cell proliferation by stopping the cell cycle. The most abundant compounds in A. galanga as anticancer agents are 1'-Acetoxychavicol Acetate (ACA) and Galangin. ACA works to inhibit cancer cells by inducing apoptosis through mitochondrial depolarization and DNA fragmentation in the cell cycle phase. Meanwhile, Galangin works as a chemopreventive agent that reduces oxidative stress and inflammation by suppressing the MAPKs pathway.
Insights into the anticancer effects of galangal and galangin: A comprehensive review
Phytomedicine , 2024
Cancer continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide, significantly impacting both health and the economy. Natural products have emerged as promising sources for the development of new anticancer drugs, with galangal and their active ingredient, galangin, garnering substantial interest. Purpose: This study summarizes recent findings on the anticancer properties of galangal and galangin, highlighting their potential to target various cancer types. Methods: We systematically searched the literature across PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "Alpinia officinarum," "Alpinia galanga", "galangal," and "galangin." This thorough approach allowed us to gather and compile a comprehensive collection of existing research on the topic. Results: This article provided a thorough analysis of the distribution of galangal, the methods used to extract the active compounds of galangal, and the anticancer properties of both galangin and galangal. It is important to note that galangal and galangin primarily function by regulating the signaling pathways of PI3K/Akt, MAPK, AMPK, p53, NF-κB, and Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK, which in turn triggers apoptosis, autophagy, and ROS while preventing the migration and invasion of cancer cells. We also discussed their toxicity, bioavailability, and clinical uses. Conclusion: In conclusion, galangal extract and galangin have a lot of promise for treating cancer. It is anticipated that this review will further advance the use of galangal extract and galangin as potential cancer treatment medications. Moreover, the discovery and development of drugs based on galangal has enormous potential for the therapy of cancer.
PubMed, 2014
Background: Although the incidence of gastric cancer is declining during the last half century, this cancer still is the second morbid cancer in the world after lung cancer. The incidence of gastric cancer is 26 per 100,000 in Iran. This study evaluated the effect of Alpinia galangal on AGS cells (human gastric adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line) and L929 cells (as a standard cell line originated from mouse fibroblast cells). Methods: After culturing the cells in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium, the cells were incubated with different doses of Alpinia galangal (0 (control), 125, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µg/ml) in 24, 48 and 72 hour periods and then, cells viability were assessed using MTT based cell proliferation assay. Results: After 24 hours, the percentage of living AGS cells compared to the control group showed no significant decrease at the concentrations of 125 and 250µg/ml. But in the rest concentrations were significant (p<0.05). Only, the percentage of surviving L929 cells at concentration of 125µg/ml of the extract was not significant, but these percentages in the other concentrations were significant. After 48 and 72h incubation, in the last three extract concentrations, the percentage of living AGS and L929 cells significantly decreased compared to control cells (p<0.05). Conclusion: We have demonstrated, using cell culture model, anti-proliferative effect of aqueous extract of Alpinia galangal on human gastric tumor (AGS) and L929 cell lines. This effect was prominent in high concentrations.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017
Objective: The present study was to determine in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga. Methods: The phytochemical screening of rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga was performed using standard procedures. The total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and Aluminium chloride reagents. The various antioxidant assays and cytotoxic assays (MTT) for Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga was performed using standard methods (DPPH radical scavenging assay, Nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, Reducing power assay, Phosphomolybdenum reduction assay). Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates and proteins. The phenolic content of aqueous extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata was 454.05 μg/mg and Alpinia galanga was 480.13 μg/mg and was expressed as gallic acid equivalent. The flavonoid content of aqueous extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata was 36.34 μg/mg and Alpinia galanga was 67.68 μg/mg and was expressed as quercetin equivalent. In DPPH assay, Alpinia galanga showed 95.36% whereas Alpinia calcarata showed 54.54% at 120 μg/ml. The maximum NO • Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study indicate that rhizome of Alpinia galanga are abundant in phenols and flavanoids which may be useful for the development of the anticancer drug. radical scavenging activity was 59.44% for Alpinia calcarata and was 73.10% for Alpinia galanga at 120 µg/ml concentration. The maximum reducing property was found at the 120 μg/ml of aqueous extract of rhizomes of Alpinia galanga which was higher than the Alpinia calcarata. In Phosphomolybdenum assay, the aqueous extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga were 55.47% and 78.38% respectively. The results of the present investigation indicated that rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia galanga showed the highest antioxidant activity in all the assays than Alpinia galanga. The cytotoxicity assay results indicated that rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia galanga showed 88.36% cell viability whereas Alpinia calcarata showed 73.59% cell viability.
Anticancer Properties of Alpinia officinarum (Lesser Galangal) – A mini review.
Lesser Galangal (Alpinia officinarum) is a member of the Zingiberaceae (ginger) family of herbaceous plants. It typically has long green leaves and reddish white flowers and bears dark brown underground rhizomes. A native of Southeast Asia, the plant has traditionally been used as a remedy for a wide variety of maladies including abdominal pain, diarrhoea, rheumatism, hiccups, digestive problems and even cancer. The anti-cancer potential of Alpinia officinarumhas been generating keen interest from the scientific community. There is a growing body of evidence that suggests that the plant contains potent anti-proliferative agents that may serve as a basis for anti-cancer drugs in the near future. Basic scientific research work on the plant during the past fifteen years has increased our understanding of the biochemical composition of the plant as well as the antitumor properties of its crude and purified extracts.Several anticancer studies on A. officinarum have focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the preventive, protective, tumour suppressive and apoptotic activities against various types of cancers. This mini review highlights the relevant research evidence that supports the potential of A. officinarum as a potent anticancer agent andlooks at future prospects for development in the drive for possible application of this plant or its active agents for effective cancer treatment.
Indonesian Journal of Cancer, 2017
Due to severe side effect and non-specific chemotherapeutic agent, screening and discovery for cancer therapy are still working, especially from natural resources. Traditionally, people used herbal medicine either to prevent or cure diseases. One of herbal that commonly used in Indonesia is Alpinia galangal . Previous study stated that active compound is acetoxy chavicol acetate (ACA) and active as anticancer. This research aimed to determine ACA concentration and cytotoxic activity of Alpinia galanga extract (AGE) from three local markets on HeLa, MCF7 and T47D cell lines. The galangal used from three local markets namely Pasar Legi Surakarta, Beringharjo Yogyakarta, and Wonogiri. The extraction was performed by maceration using 96% ethanol as solvent. ACA quantitation using UV spectrophotometer at λ = 208.5 nm. Samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction using an ethyl acetate. Cytotoxic activities were performed by MTT assay. The result showed that the concentration of ACA ...
Alpinia galanga extract induces senescence in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells
2020
Background: Alpinia galanga L. (galangal) is a widely known spice in Southeast Asia. A previous study indicated that its active compounds might effectively inhibit (HER2)-overexpressing breast cancer cell proliferation. Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the anti-proliferation activity of galangal extract (GE) on HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells by analyzing GE cytotoxicity and its mechanism of action. Methods: We used HCC1954 cell line as a model. We observed the effect of GE (10–200 µg/mL) on cell growth using MTT assay. The modulation of GE on cell cycle, apoptosis, and the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were analyzed using flow cytometry. Moreover, SA-β-galactosidase staining used to observe the cell senescence. Results: Cytotoxic test indicated that GE has modest cytotoxicity towards HCC1954 (IC50> 200 µg/mL) and GE increased cell accumulation at the G2/M phase. Although GE showed no induction on apoptosis, it increased the number of senescen...
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2017
Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. is a valuable medicinal crop found in specific tropical regions of southeast Asia. Its crude extracts are well known for their wide medicinal properties and many compounds identified from these extracts are of great interest currently. 1'S-1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) obtained from rhizomes of A.galanga is one such well-illustrated compound. This study strives to progress and simplifies the purification protocol for ACA from A.galanga rhizomes. It also studies the cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity of ACA against Dukes' type B, colorectal adenocarcinoma (SW480). HPLC standardisation was carried out for purification of ACA from rhizomes of Alpinia galanga. MTT assay was executed to estimate the IC50 value of ACA against SW480 cell line. This value was used to study the apoptosis, nuclear morphological changes and mitochondrial membrane permeability using Acridine orange/ethidium bromide, DAPI, and JC-1 staining. The DNA fragmentati...
Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis and DNA Damage Induced by Alpinia galanga Rhizome Extract
Planta Medica, 2007
Alpinia galanga, or galangal, has been a popular condiment used in Thai and Asian cuisine for many years. However, relatively little is known of the potential beneficial or adverse health effects of this spice. This study was conducted to analyze the capacity of galangal extract to induce cytotoxicity and DNA damage in six different human cell lines including normal and p53-inactive fibroblasts, normal epithelial and tumour mammary cells and a lung adenocarcinoma cell line. We deliberately focused on treatment with the crude aqueous extract of galangal rhizomes, rather than compounds extracted into an organic solvent, to more closely reflect the mode of dietary consumption of galangal. The cell lines displayed a broad range of cytotoxicity. There was no evidence for preferential cytotoxicity of tumour cells, but there was an indication that p53-active cell lines may be more sensitive than their p53-inactive counterparts. The contribution of apoptosis to total cell killing was only appreciable after exposure to 300 mg/mL of extract. Apoptosis appeared to be independent of p53 expression. Exposure to as little as 100 mg/mL galangal extract generated a significant level of DNA single-strand breaks as judged by the single-cell gel electrophoresis technique (comet assay). The three major UV-absorbing compounds in the aqueous extract were identified by mass spectrometry as 1¢-acetoxychavicol acetate and its deacetylated derivatives. However, when tested in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells, these compounds were not responsible for the cytotoxicity induced by the complete aqueous extract.