Schisandra Chinensis Lignans Suppresses the Production of Inflammatory Mediators Regulated by NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF3 in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells (original) (raw)
Related papers
Anti-inflammatory effects of schisandrin isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill
European Journal of Pharmacology, 2008
Schisandrin Inducible nitric oxide synthase Cyclooxygenase-2 Nuclear factor-kappaB c-Jun N-terminal kinase P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase Paw edema Vascular permeability Septic shock Schisandrin is the main active ingredient isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill. Recent studies have demonstrated that schisandrin exhibits anti-oxidative effects in vivo. In the present study, the effect of schisandrin on plasma nitrite concentration in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice was evaluated. It also significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in mice. Furthermore, schisandrin had a protective effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis. In vitro, our results are the first that show that the anti-inflammatory properties of schisandrin result from the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) release, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, which in turn results from the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activities in a RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line.
Applied Sciences, 2021
Prolonged inflammation results in chronic diseases that can be associated with a range of factors. Medicinal plants and herbs provide synergistic benefits based on the interaction of multiple phytochemicals. The dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and its compounds possess anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anticancer effects. Processing is a traditional method to achieve clinical benefits by improving therapeutic efficacy and lowering toxicity. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect of processed Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract (PSGE) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Data using Griess assay and ELISA showed that PSGE decreased nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels against LPS. PSGE treatment up-regulated 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH), while cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1 expression did not change. Interestingly, PGE2 inhibition was ...
2012
Schisandrin B (SB), a dibenzocyclooctadiene derivative isolated from Schisandra chinensis and used commonly in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of hepatitis and myocardial disorders, has been recently shown to modulate cellular redox balance. Since we have shown that cellular redox plays an important role in the modulation of immune responses, the present studies were undertaken to study the effects of SB on activation and effector functions of lymphocytes. SB altered the redox status of lymphocytes by enhancing the basal reactive oxygen species levels and altering the GSH/GSSG ratio in lymphocytes. It also induced nuclear translocation of redox sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 and increased the transcription of its dependent genes. SB inhibited mitogen-induced proliferation and cytokine secretion by lymphocytes. SB also significantly inhibited mitogen-induced upregulation of T cell costimulatory molecules and activation markers. It was observed that SB inhibited mitogeninduced phosphorylation of c-Raf, MEK, ERK, JNK, and p38. It suppressed IkBa degradation and nuclear translocation of NF-kB in activated lymphocytes. Anti-inflammatory effects of SB were significantly abrogated by the inhibitors of Nrf2 and HO-1, suggesting the involvement of this pathway. Similar antiinflammatory effects of SB on lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion were also observed in vivo. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that the anti-inflammatory effects of SB are mediated via modulation of Nrf2 and NF-kB in lymphocytes.
Anti-inflammatory activity of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs
Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2011
Accumulating epidemiological and clinical evidence shows that inflammation is an important risk factor for various human diseases. Thus, suppressing chronic inflammation has the potential to delay, prevent, and control various chronic diseases, including cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, joint, skin, pulmonary, blood, lymph, liver, pancreatic, and intestinal diseases. Various natural products from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been shown to safely suppress proinflammatory pathways and control inflammation-associated disease. In vivo and/or in vitro studies have demonstrated that anti-inflammatory effects of TCM occur by inhibition of the expression of master transcription factors (for example, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)), pro-inflammatory cytokines (for example, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), chemokines (for example, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-24), intercellular adhesion molecule expression and pro-inflammatory mediators (for example, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)). However, a handful of review articles have focused on the anti-inflammatory activities of TCM and explore their possible mechanisms of action. In this review, we summarize recent research attempting to identify the antiinflammatory constituents of TCM and their molecular targets that may create new opportunities for innovation in modern pharmacology.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021
It seems quite necessary to obtain effective substances from natural products against inflammatory response (IR) as there are presently clinical problems regarding accompanying side effects and lowered quality of life. This work aimed to investigate the abilities of hyssopuside (HY), a novel phenolic glycoside isolated from Hyssopus cuspidatus (H. cuspidatus), against IR in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages. The results indicated that HY could reduce nitric oxide (NO) production and inhibit the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, data from the immunofluorescence study showed that HY suppressed nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) upon LPS induction. The Western blot results suggested that HY reversed the LPS-induced degradation of IκB (inhibitor of NF-κB), which is no...
Anti-inflammatory medicinal plants and the molecular mechanisms underlying their activities
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2015
Background: Medicinal plant and plant products have shown tremendous potentials and are used beneficially in the treatment of inflammation and in the management of diseases with significant inflammatory components. Many medicinal plants employed as anti-inflammatory and antiphlogistic remedies lack the gastro-erosive side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) or the plethora of unwanted side effects associated with steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In order to harness and optimise the applications of these herbs in inflammatory diseases, there is a need to understand how these herbs produce their anti-inflammatory actions. Materials and Methods: This paper is a review of some anti-inflammatory herbs and their molecular mechanisms of action. A literature search and analysis of published manuscript was employed to x-ray research findings that show how medicinal plants produce anti-inflammatory activities. Results: Many studies have shown that anti-inflammatory activities of herbal extracts and herb-derived compounds are mainly due to their inhibition of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, cyclo-oxygenase (COX), lipo-oxygenase (LOX), pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide, and transcription activation factor (NF-κB). Some anti-inflammatory medicinal herbs are reported to stabilize lysosomal membrane and some cause the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation of intracellular signalling molecules. Many have also been shown to possess strong oxygen radical scavenging activities. Conclusion: Most of the mechanisms by which anti-inflammatory medicinal plants act are related and many herbal products have been shown to act through a combination of these molecular pathways.
Anti-Inflammatory molecular mechanisms of Bo-Ye-Niu-Pi-Xiao (Cynanchum taiwanianum Yamazaki)
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2012
Bo-Ye-Niu-Pi-Xiao, Cynanchum taiwanianum Yamazaki (family: Asclepiadaceae) is a well-known and popular herb; its rhizome has been used as a folk medicine in Taiwan. Many therapeutic effects of C. taiwanianum Yamaz. had been studied; however, there is still no anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of C. taiwanianum Yamaz. reported. Besides, it is well-known that the phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha (IκBα) to phospho-IκBα (p-IκBα) is a decisive step in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation pathway. In addition, the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), is well known to be partly mediated by NF-κB. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the activity and distinguish the mechanism of anti-inflammation of C. taiwanianum Yamaz. rhizome on rat kidney cell line NRK-52E induced by IL-1β. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect and potential mechanism of C. taiwanianum Yamaz. rhizome ethanolic extract (CTEE) in IL-1β-induced NRK-52E cells. Production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression of iNOS and COX-2, phosphorylation of IκBα, and activation of NF-κB was executed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Results show that the CTEE significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited NO and PGE 2 production and also significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated protein and mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2 in IL-1β-induced NRK-52E cells without obvious cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, the CTEE suppressed the NF-κB nuclear translocation, in terms of inhibition of IκBα phosphorylation. The results provided evidence for its folkloric uses and suggest that the anti-inflammatory activities of CTEE may result from the inhibition of inflammatory mediators, such as NO and PGE 2 and an upstream suppression of NF-κB-dependent mechanism might be involved.
Drug design, development and therapy, 2018
Dingchuan tang (asthma-relieving decoction), a formula of nine herbs, has been used for treating respiratory inflammatory diseases for >400 years in the People's Republic of China. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory action of dingchuan tang is not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of Dingchuan tang essential oil (DCEO) on inflammatory mediators and the underlying mechanism of action. DCEO was extracted by steam distillation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were used as the cell model. Production of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by the Griess test. Protein secretion and mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. Protein levels were examined by Western blot. Nuclear localization of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was detected using immunofluorescence analyses. DCEO sign...
BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2018
Phyllanthus amarus has been used widely in various traditional medicines to treat swelling, sores, jaundice, inflammatory diseases, kidney disorders, diabetes and viral hepatitis, while its pharmacological and biochemical mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory properties have not been well investigated. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of 80% ethanolic extract of P. amarus on pro-inflammatory mediators release in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K-Akt) signaling activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced U937 human macrophages. The release of prostaglandin E (PGE) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in a culture supernatant was determined by ELISA. Determination of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein and the activation of MAPKs molecules (JNK, ERK and p38 MAPK), NF-κB and Akt in LPS-induced U937 human macrophages were in...