Managing cassava mosaic geminiviruses and their Bemisia tabaci vector in Africa: current practice and future opportunities. p. 131. In: Third International Bemisia Workshop, Barcelona, 17-20 March 2003.[Abstract] (original) (raw)
Related papers
Conventional breeding for resistance to whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses
Crop Prot, 2001
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci Genn. is a pervasive pest and vector of plant viruses. The existence of B. tabaci biotypes and numerous whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (begomoviruses) affecting food and industrial crops, has become a major constraint to agricultural development in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The predominant whitefly and begomovirus method of control has been the application of insecticides. The excessive use of agrochemicals over the past decades, has resulted in an exponential increase in B. tabaci populations and incidence of begomoviruses transmitted by this whitefly vector. Under these conditions, biological and integrated whitefly/geminivirus control practices have not met expectations. Incorporating begomovirus resistance in a relatively small number of crops improved by conventional plant breeding methods has been a sustainable and efficient disease control strategy. This review discusses some of the conventional intra-and inter-specific hybridization strategies followed to incorporate genetic resistance to begomoviruses in three major crops: cassava, common bean and tomato.
Horticultura Brasileira, 2016
ABSTRACT: Insect-transmitted viruses cause some of the most damaging and economically important diseases of crop plants, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. The geminiviruses, a group of single-stranded DNA viruses with unique twined icosahedral virus particles, are responsible for many of these diseases. Of particular importance are the geminiviruses transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), which are in the genus Begomovirus. This is the largest genus of plant viruses (in terms of number of species), and some are responsible for many devastating diseases in vegetable and fiber crops throughout the world. This review presents the current understanding of begomoviruses, the diseases they cause, and approaches for disease management. An emphasis is placed on the most important begomovirus diseases in Brazil, which are those that affect common bean and tomato. However, because of the wide host range of the vector and the genetic flexibility of begomoviruses, these diseas...
The Emergence Of Whitefly-Transmitted Geminiviruses in Tomato in the Western Hemisphere
Plant Disease, 1997
uch of the American subtropics and tropics have a climate that is conducive to the year-round production of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. The tomato has been grown for centuries in the Americas, with the center of origin believed to be in northern South America. Processing tomatoes are produced throughout the tropics for local consumption and for conversion into paste. The production of fresh-market tomatoes is potentially a much more profitable business. The last few decades have seen an increase in the production of this type of tomato, both for export to northern countries during the Northern Hemisphere's winter season and to meet increases in demand from expanding local tourist industries. Until the early 1990s, geminiviruses transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) were primarily a problem for legume production in the Western Hemisphere. There were only scattered reports of geminiviruses causing problems for tomato producers. The picture is quite different now. Since the late 1980s, most of the tomato-producing areas of Florida, the Caribbean,
2011
Detection and diagnosis of viruses in vegetable crops in Indonesia Detection and diagnosis of viruses in Indonesia was initially implemented by collecting field samples from West Java-mainly three vegetable crops, i.e. tomatoes, chilli pepper, and yard long bean. Serological techniques were routinely conducted at Bogor Agricultural University using ELISA as the initial detection method. Further diagnosis using PCR and nucleic acid sequence analysis of the PCR product was undertaken in some cases. Diagnosis of tomato and chilli pepper was usually conducted using 3 antisera, i.e. tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV), cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), and general potyvirus, and one additional antiserum for chilli pepper, i.e. chilli veinal mottle potyvirus (ChiVMV). Detection of geminivirus of the Begomovirus genus was conducted by PCR methods as a routine activity since geminivirus infection has
Conventional breeding for resistance to Bemisia tabaci-transmitted geminiviruses
Crop Protection, 2001
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci Genn. is a pervasive pest and vector of plant viruses. The existence of B. tabaci biotypes and numerous whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (begomoviruses) affecting food and industrial crops has become a major constraint to agricultural development in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The predominant whitefly and begomovirus method of control has been the application of insecticides. The excessive use of agrochemicals over the past decades, has contributed to an exponential increase in B. tabaci populations and incidence of begomoviruses transmitted by this whitefly vector. Under these conditions, biological and integrated whitefly/geminivirus control practices have not met expectations. Incorporating begomovirus resistance in a relatively small number of crops improved by conventional plant breeding methods has been a sustainable and efficient disease control strategy. This review discusses some of the conventional intra-and interspecific hybridization strategies followed to incorporate genetic resistance to begomoviruses in three major crops: cassava, common bean and tomato. r
Journal of Phytopathology, 2017
Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) is arguably the most dangerous current threat to cassava, which is Africa's most important food security crop. CBSD is caused by two RNA viruses: Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV). The roles of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and farmer practices in the spread of CBSD were investigated in a set of field and laboratory experiments. The virus was acquired and transmitted by B. tabaci within a short time (5-10 min each for virus acquisition and inoculation), and was retained for up to 48 hr. Highest virus transmission (60%) was achieved using 20-25 suspected viruliferous whiteflies per plant that were given acquisition and inoculation periods of 24 and 48 hr, respectively. Experiments mimicking the agronomic practices of cassava leaf picking or the use of contaminated tools for making cassava stem cuttings did not show the transmission of CBSV or UCBSV. Screenhouse and field experiments in Tanzania showed that the spread of CBSD next to spreader rows was high, and that the rate of spread decreased with increasing distance from the source of inoculum. The disease spread in the field up to a maximum of 17 m in a cropping season. These results collectively confirm that CBSV and UCBSV are transmitted by B. tabaci semipersistently, but for only short distances in the field. This implies that spread over longer distances is due to movements of infected stem cuttings used for planting material. These findings have important implications for developing appropriate management strategies for CBSD.
485 Helping Vegetable Growers Manage Gemini Viruses in Dade County, Florida
HortScience
Florida tomato growers have been managing tomato mottle mosaic virus (TMoV), vectored by the silverleaf whitefly (Bemesia argentifolia) since 1990. Bean growers in the Dade and Palm Beach County area have tried to control bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) since it entered the area with Hurricane Andrew in 1992. During Summer 1997, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was found in summer-grown tomatoes in Dade County. In Fall 1997, tomato growers were notified of the new problem and attended a workshop discussing the rigorous control that would be needed to minimize its effects. They instituted scouting and roguing programs in conjunction with appropriate pest management procedures. Dade bean growers worked with the Florida Fruit & Vegetable Assn. to obtain a Section 18 for imidacloprid. Bean and tomato growers learned about gemini viruses affecting both crops and the distribution of these viruses in the Americas in the fall of 1998. Bean growers have also learned how to use imidaclop...
Breeding for resistance to whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses
Annals of Applied Biology, 2002
Geminiviruses comprise a large and diverse family of viruses that infect a wide range of important monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous crop species and cause significant yield losses. The family Geminiviridae is divided into three genera, one of which is Begomovirus. Species of this genus are transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci in a persistent, circulative manner and infect dicotyledonous plants. Severe population outbreaks of B. tabaci are usually accompanied by a high incidence of begomoviruses. During the last two decades, there has been a worldwide spread of the B biotype of B. tabaci, accompanied by the emergence of whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses. Control measures in infected regions are based mainly on limitation of vector populations, using chemicals or physical barriers. However, under conditions of severe whitefly attack, none of these control measures has sufficed to prevent virus spread. Thus, the best way to reduce geminivirus damage is by breeding crops resistant or tolerant to the virus, either by classical breeding or by genetic engineering. A number of begomoviruses have been the subject of much investigation, due to their severe economic impact. This review considers the most severe viral diseases of four major crops (tomato, bean, cassava and cotton). The approaches taken to breed for resistance to these viral diseases should provide a perspective of the issues involved in breeding for begomovirus resistance in crop plants.