Behavior management-based applied behaviour analysis within dental examination of children with autism spectrum disorder (original) (raw)
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Effectiveness of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) with regard to tooth brushing in autistic children
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
Background: Children demonstrating autistic spectrum disorders tend to be uncooperative when receiving dental treatment. Actions as simple as brushing the teeth with a prophylactic brush can constitute complex processes for children with such conditions. Applied behavior analysis (ABA) can train children in new positive behavior and it is, therefore, anticipated that an ABA-based approach iscapable of influencing the behavior of individuals with autistic spectrum disorder. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the ABA-based approach for autistic children during dental brushing procedures. Methods: The research constituted a quasiexperimental single subject investigation of children presenting autistic spectrum disorders who attended the Lembaga Pendidikan Autisma Prananda, Bandung. Potential changes in the behavior of subjects were monitored four times during treatment with a one-week interval between consultations. Those subjects satisfying the inclusion criteria...
Medicina Oral Patología Oral y Cirugia Bucal, 2018
Background: To assess the effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention program designed to facilitate the performance of a series of steps of oral examination in children, adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in the Bio-Bio region, Chile. Material and Methods: A prospective, quasi-experimental study with pre-intervention, post-intervention and maintenance tests was carried out. Behavior was measured using Frankl's scale and the number of steps of a dental examination completed (1-10 steps) was also recorded. Only 104 of the 188 subjects with ASD that agreed to participate in the study met all the inclusion criteria. Results: 82 people with ASD completed the psychoeducational intervention. The mean number of steps achieved pre-and post-intervention was 4.1 and 9.4, resulting in a clinically and statistically significant difference. Regarding behavior, the median in the pre-test was 2 (negative behavior) and in the post-test it increased to 3 (positive behavior), this difference being relevant and statistically significant. A maintenance test one month later on 63 people with ASD found no variations in behavior and in the number of examination steps completed. Conclusions: The proposed intervention was effective as an increase of more than 5 in the number of steps of examination completed was achieved. Frankl's behavior rating also increased, from negative to positive, in a group of children, adolescents and adults with ASD.
DENTAL TREATMENT FOR CHILDREN WITH ASD: AN APPROACH BASED IN THE TEACCH PROGRAM (Atena Editora)
DENTAL TREATMENT FOR CHILDREN WITH ASD: AN APPROACH BASED IN THE TEACCH PROGRAM (Atena Editora), 2024
This study deals with dental treatment for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Children with ASD are generally resistant to dental treatment and require the dental professional to develop a patient care program that involves their daily life and also their family. In this context, the research focused on the following research question: how can it be possible to minimize or overcome the obstacles encountered in dental care for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)? To answer this question, this study aimed to “describe the Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication handicapped Children (TEACCH) program and present different ways of approaching this program in adapting the environment and dental procedures to meet the needs of children with ASD”. Bibliographic and documentary research was carried out. We opted for exploratory-descriptive research with a qualitative approach. It was concluded that in-depth understanding and the use of appropriate techniques, such as the TEACCH program, can make a big difference in the autistic child's experience and the effectiveness of dental treatment. The professional must have not only technical skills, but also relational ones; one must have planning skills, in preparing the environment in which the patient will be welcomed and the personal support they may need, such as the help of psychological counseling and qualified support from the family.
International Journal of Dentistry
Objective. To assess the effectiveness of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) to improve knowledge regarding oral hygiene practices among cooperative autistic children. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 15 children between the age group of 6–12 years and their parents who were randomly chosen from a special care autistic school in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. A mobile application was custom designed and programmed with videos on oral hygiene. A close-ended questionnaire comprising 14 questions for the cooperative autistic children and 21 questions for their parents was designed to assess their knowledge in relation to oral health and hygiene. After four weeks, a questionnaire-based knowledge assessment was conducted. The mean knowledge score was then calculated for children and their parents and compared using paired sample t-test. Results. Poor knowledge regarding oral hygiene practices was revealed among the study participants. The estimated mean score among t...
2018
This study aims to look at the differences in the effectiveness of therapy Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) using the technique of extinction through the medium of video modelling to reduce the restricted behavior in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This research uses experimental research with A-B-A-B design involving two children who have behavioral restricted ASD clapped his hands. The results showed the intensity of behavior clapped his hand on the two subjects to be reduced, but on the subject by the behavior of ABA with video modeling the behavior of subjects reduced clapped his hand and on some behavioral conditions patted the child's hand was not seen again. Meanwhile, on the subject by ABA behavioral therapy clapped his hands still appear every day and every activity by its intensity despite dwindling.
Training children with autism spectrum disorders to be compliant with an oral assessment
Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2010
More than 30 years ago, it was stated that there is an extreme paucity of literature on the dental status and management of children with autism spectrum disorders (Kopel, 1977). Although there is a substantial body of literature on behavioral applications to dentistry for typically developing children and, to a lesser degree, on individuals with intellectual disability, the status of research on children with autism spectrum disorders has not substantially improved from its status several decades ago. Few studies have documented the oral characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorders and how they compare to that of either typically developing children or those with other developmental disabilities. Likewise, there is a dearth of research demonstrating effective behavioral interventions for promoting compliance to dental procedures. A recent study has provided documentation of the oral status of children with autism spectrum disorders, as well as those with other developmental disabilities (DeMattei, Cuvo, & Maurizio, 2007). Dental assessments showed the frequency of 12 oral conditions for the participants. Among the findings were that the majority of children with autism spectrum disorders had gingivitis and plaque, with one participant in need of urgent care. About one-fourth of the children had an oral injury and visible carries. ''Oral problems might arise because of autism related behaviors, such as communication limitations, personal neglect, self-injurious behavior, dietary habits, effects of medication, resistance to receiving dental care, hyposensitivity to pain, and avoidance of social contact'' (DeMattei et al., 2007, p. 2). DeMattei et al. (2007) found that approximately half their sample was ''orally defensive'' (i.e., engaged in escape or avoidance behavior) during their assessment. Escape and avoidance might occur because of primary (e.g., painful stimuli) and conditioned (e.g., sights and sounds of the operatory) aversive stimuli in the dental environment. A prospective descriptive study on cooperation predictors during dental procedures found multiple factors that predicted
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) For Autistic Children: An Insight
“Autism may be a part of a child; it's not everything he/she is. A child is so much more than a diagnosis.” Childhood is made difficult by many mental health problems which make it less enjoyable. The prevalence rate of autism in India is 1 in 250 (figure may vary as many cases are not diagnosed) and currently 10 million people are suffering in India. Autism is a complex neuro developmental disorder that manifests in children by the age of three. The degree may vary from mild to very severe and is hence it is known as Autism Spectrum Disorder. Government of India now recognizes autism as a disability. There are many interventions to help these children. Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is one of the techniques. Today, ABA is widely recognized as a safe and effective treatment for autism. In particular, ABA principles and techniques can foster basic skills such as looking, listening and imitating, as well as complex skills such as reading, conversing and understanding another person's perspective. Such studies have demonstrated that many children with autism experience significant improvements in learning, reasoning, communication and adaptability when they participate in high-quality ABA programs. ABA techniques are effective for building important life skills in teens and adults with autism. However, the benefits of intensive ABA programs remain far less studied in teens and adults than they have been with young children. This is a research area of particular interest to Autism Speaks and its supporters. Keywords: applied behavior analysis, autism, India, childhood
Applied Behavior Analysis as an Intervention Strategy in Learners with Autism Spectrum Disorder
2020
Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurological developmental disorder that affects a child’s ability to communicate, and socialize. Children with ASD as well have nonfunctional repetitive behaviors, activities and restricted interests. Many children with ASD may have intellectual disabilities, anxiety and sensory processing disorders in a comorbid state. Commonly, learners with ASD exhibit inappropriate and challenging behaviors that comprise attention and in turn significant time is lost redirecting behavior in class and during therapy sessions. Unwanted Behaviors in learners with ASD play three functions inclusive of avoiding work, earning a reward and getting attention. Managing unwanted behavior require that teachers and families identify the core triggers and functional cause of the targeted behavior. This is usually achieved through conduction of an objective process known as functional behavior analyses. When this is done successfully then what follows is a scientific behavior mo...