Development and Diffusion of Improved Sorghum Cultivars in India: Impact on Growth and Variability in Yield (original) (raw)
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Impact of Modern Cultivars on Growth and Relative Variability in Sorghum Yields in India
The nature and extent of growth and variability in sorghum yield is measured in this study to test the hypothesis that rapid technological change increased yield and also variability in sorghum production. Analysis is being based on 146 major sorghum producing districts of India. Annual compound growth rate of sorghum yields for different districts were computed for various periods between 1966 and 1993. Expansion of modm1 sorghum cultivars positively contributed to the sorghum yield. The coefficient of variation of sorghum yields was estimated for the same districts and from the same set of data after detrending. Analysis showed a general decline in yield, variability over time. The coefficient of variation in sorghum yield decreases with the increase in proportion of modern sorghum cultivars. Relative variability of sorghum yield of modern sorghum culltivars estimated from the experimental data for the period 198296 is less than relative variability of other sorghum cultivars. The study concludes that modern sorghum cultivars contributed to the increase in yield and reduction in relative variability in yield and thereby, enhanced food security in India. It also suggests that future sorghum research in India should be emphasized on yield enhancement rather than on yield stabilization.
Adoption of Improved Sorghum Cultivars
2004
Successful development of appropriate improved crop cultivars paves the way for their adoption by farmers. Adoption of improved cultivars is a necessary precondition for plant breeding creating favorable impacts on farm households. Impacts may be obtained through yield increases, quality improvement, reduction in unit cost of production and reduced production risks. This chapter is a compilation of information about the level of adoption of improved sorghum cultivars and factors influencing it. Adoption of improved sorghum cultivars was measured as a percentage of improved sorghum area in the total sorghum area. Based on their origin, adoption levels of improved sorghum cultivars were divided into four groups: (i) percentage of area sown to ICRISAT-bred cultivars; (ii) percentage of area sown to cultivars having ICRISAT parents; (iii) percentage of area sown to ICRISAT network cultivars; and (iv) percentage of area sown to non-ICRISAT (other) cultivars.
The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Low remuneration and poor adoption of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production technologies were major constraints in drastic decline in area under cultivation. Therefore, evaluation of production potential, adoption, economic and other benefits of the technologies in social perspectives of the farmers was undertaken. The study was conducted with 200 adopted farmers under frontline demonstrations programme organized during five years from 2009-10 to 2013-14 in five districts in two prominent sorghum growing regions in Maharashtra, India. The yield potential and merits were measured by following before and after method, and data were collected through semistructured interview schedule, group meetings, recorded data and empirical observations. The performance of the demonstrated technologies resulted into increase in adoption (27%), higher net returns (170%), followed by grain yield (58%) with better quality (78%) and fodder yield (26%). It enabled to motivate the farmers and ...
Growth Rates, Growth Models and Future Projections of Sorghum in Telangana State
2020
Introduction Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)] is one of the main staple food for the world's poorest and most food insecure people across the semiarid tropics. Globally, sorghum is cultivated on 41million hectares to produce 64.20 million tonnes, with productivity hovering around1.60 tonnes per hectare. With exceptions in some regions, it is mainly produced and consumed by poor farmers. India contributes about 16% of the world's sorghum production. On global front, sorghum was grown in 105 countries of the world in the year 2010-11 covering an area of approximately 40.5 m ha with grain production of 55.65 m tons and an average productivity of 1.374 tons per ha (FAO website: http://www.fao.org). During the last three decades period (1980-2010), cropped area and production reported an annual growth rate of -0.34% and -0.51% respectively. Development and adoption of the improved cultivars, improved management practices have increased the productivity levels significantly despite ...
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING ADOPTION OF IMPROVED SORGHUM SEED TECHNOLOGY IN GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA
11th Africa Farm Management Association Congress Abuja-Nigeria 2018, 2018
Abstract The study aimed at analyzing the factors influencing adoption of improved sorghum seed technology in Gombe state, Nigeria. Four objectives were formulated to guide the study. The study was conducted in Gombe State. Multi stage sampling technique was used, Three Local Government areas were purposively selected and three wards were randomly selected from each of the selected Local Government areas. Three villages were also selected at random giving a total of 27 villages finally, five registered sorghum farmers were randomly selected from each village making a total of 135 farmers for the study. Structured questionnaire was used in collecting the data. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Tobit regression analysis). The result shows that majority (68.3%) of the respondents were within the age bracket of 20 - 55 years, dominated by male farmers (92%), married (69%), with 38% of the respondents having between 9 to 16 members per household. About 46% of the respondents were exposed only to the Qur’anic form of education. The result also revealed that 75% of the respondents were full time farmers, with 58% having less than 1 hectare of total farmland which is usually obtained through inheritance. About 81% of the respondents were members of one farmer’s organizations or another while 68% had 4-6 years of sorghum farming experience with 62% producing sorghum as sole crop. Most (58%) of the respondents got their improved seeds from Gombe ADP stores. Then 88% used N.P.K fertilizer with 69% of the respondents applying less than 3 bags of N.P.K fertilizer per hectare. Respondents engaged in sorghum production because of high yield obtained. The results revealed an R2 value of 0.831, indicating that 83.1% of the relationships can be explained by the variation in the independent variable. The respondents reported non-availability of fertilizer as the main constraints to adoption of improved sorghum seed technology. It is recommended that state government should supply all the necessary needed inputs to sorghum farmers at an affordable price in time. Keywords: Factors, Influence, Adoption, Improved Sorghum and Seed Technology
Trends of Sorghum Crop in Northern Telangana Zone
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020
Introduction Sorghum bicolour ssp. Verticilliflorum is believed to be the progenitor of cultivated sorghum (Harlan, 1972). It is cultivated in wide geographic areas in the Africa, Asia, America and the Pacific regions. It is the fifth most important cereal crop in the world, after wheat, maize, rice and barley whereas in India, sorghum is the third large cereal crop after rice and wheat. But, sorghum is second major crop in Africa after maize. It is a staple food, produced and consumed by millions of rural poor in South Asia (SA) and SubSaharan Africa (SSA). In Northern Telangana Zone the major growing districts are Adilabad (5155 thousand ha), Nizamabad (978 thousand ha) and Kariminagar (653 thousand ha) Production are Adilabad (3406 thound tonne), Nizamabad (857 thousand tonne) and Kariminagar (426 thousand tonne). Productivity of Districts are Adilabad (660 kg/ha), Nizamabad (876 kg/ha) and Kariminagar (652 kg/ha). During last 10 years the trends in area showing decreasing downtr...
Adoption and Socio-economic Benefits of Improved Post-rainy Sorghum Production Technology
Agricultural Research, 2018
Low remuneration and adoption of sorghum production technologies were among the major constraints for drastic reduction in its cultivation. Therefore, evaluation of production potential, adoption, economic and other benefits of the technologies in social perspectives of the farmers was felt essential. The study was conducted with 200 adopted farmers under field trials organized during 5 years from 2009-2010 to 2013-2014 in five districts in two prominent sorghum growing regions in Maharashtra State of India. The yield potential and merits were measured by following before and after method, and data were collected through semi-structured interview schedule. The performance of the demonstrated technologies resulted in increased adoption (27%), higher net returns (170%), followed by grain yield (58%) with better quality (78%) and fodder yield (26%), and found to be significantly positive over the pre-FLD. It enabled to motivate farmers and increase in area under sorghum by 29%. Furthermore, the additional returns helped them in spending significantly higher on purchase of household items (111%), followed by attending more social functions (109%), purchase of animals (91%), in start of new business (86%), deposit in bank (77%) and investment in farm development activities (62%). Keywords Adoption Á Low remuneration Á Adoption of technologies Á Grain yield Á Fodder yield Á Income utilization pattern Á Post-rainy sorghum Á Yield advantages