Relationship between particulate matter and childhood asthma – basis of a future warning system for central Phoenix (original) (raw)
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Personal exposures to particulate matter among children with asthma in Detroit, Michigan
Atmospheric Environment, 2004
From 2000 to 2001, eight two-week seasonal intensive measurement campaigns were conducted in Detroit which included daily ambient and indoor measurements of PM 10 at two elementary schools. Concurrent measurements of PM 10 inside the homes of 20 children, aged 7-11 years, with asthma as well as personal PM 10 measurements for the same 20 children were performed. Sampling was changed from 24-h measurements to 8-hs in the classroom and 16-hs in the home in 2001 to more closely match the times spent by the children in these microenvironments.
Atmospheric Environment, 2007
Coarse particulate matter (PM 10À2:5 Þ concentration data from residential outdoor sites were collected using portable samplers as part of an exposure assessment for the North Carolina Asthma and Children's Environment Studies (NC-ACES). PM 10À2:5 values were estimated using the differential between independent PM 10 and PM 2:5 collocated MiniVol measurements. Repeated daily 24-h integrated PM 10 and PM 2:5 residential outdoor monitoring was performed at a total of 26 homes during September 2003-June 2004 in the Research Triangle Park, NC area. This effort resulted in the collection of 73 total daily measurements. This assessment was conducted to provide data needed to investigate the association of exposures to coarse particle PM mass concentrations with observed human health effects. Potential instrument bias between the differential MiniVol methodology and a dichotomous sampler were investigated. Results indicated that minimal bias of PM 10À2:5 mass concentration estimates (slope ¼ 0.8, intercept ¼ 0:36 mg m À3 Þ existed between the dichotomous and differential MiniVol procedures. Residential outdoor PM 10À2:5 mass concentrations were observed to be highly variable across measurement days and ranged from 1.1 to 12:6 mg m À3 (mean of 5:4 mg m À3 Þ. An average correlation coefficient of r ¼ 0:75 existed between residential outdoor PM 10À2:5 mass concentrations and those obtained from the central ambient monitoring site. Temporal and spatial variability of PM 10À2:5 mass concentrations during the study were observed and are described in this report. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Effects of airborne particulate matter on respiratory morbidity in asthmatic children
2008
Background: The effects of airborne particulate matter (PM) are a major human health concern. In this panel study, we evaluated the acute effects of exposure to PM on peak expiratory flow (PEF) and wheezing in children. Methods: Daily PEF and wheezing were examined in 19 asthmatic children who were hospitalized in a suburban city in Japan for approximately 5 months. The concentrations of PM less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM 2.5) were monitored at a monitoring station proximal to the hospital. Moreover, PM 2.5 concentrations inside and outside the hospital were measured using the dust monitor with a laser diode (PM 2.5(LD)). The changes in PEF and wheezing associated with PM concentration were analyzed. Results: The changes in PEF in the morning and evening were significantly associated with increases in the average concentration of indoor PM 2.5(LD) 24 h prior to measurement (-2.86 L/min [95%CI:-4.12,-1.61] and-3.59 L/min [95%CI:-4.99,-2.20] respectively, for 10-µg/m 3 increases). The change in PEF was also significantly associated with outdoor PM 2.5(LD) concentrations, but the changes were smaller than those observed for indoor PM 2.5(LD). Changes in PEF and concentration of stationary-site PM 2.5 were not associated. The prevalence of wheezing in the morning and evening were also significantly associated with indoor PM 2.5(LD) concentrations (odds ratios = 1.014 [95%CI: 1.006, 1.023] and 1.025 [95%CI: 1.013, 1.038] respectively, for 10-µg/m 3 increases). Wheezing in the evening was significantly associated with outdoor PM 2.5(LD) concentration. The effects of indoor and outdoor PM 2.5(LD) remained significant even after adjusting for ambient nitrogen dioxide concentrations. Conclusion: Indoor and outdoor PM 2.5(LD) concentrations were associated with PEF and wheezing among asthmatic children. Indoor PM 2.5(LD) had a more marked effect than outdoor PM 2.5(LD) or stationary-site PM 2.5 .
Outdoor particulate matter and childhood asthma admissions in Athens, Greece: a time-series study
Environmental health : a global access science source, 2010
Particulate matter with diameter less than 10 micrometers (PM10) that originates from anthropogenic activities and natural sources may settle in the bronchi and cause adverse effects possibly via oxidative stress in susceptible individuals, such as asthmatic children. This study aimed to investigate the effect of outdoor PM10 concentrations on childhood asthma admissions (CAA) in Athens, Greece. Daily counts of CAA from the three Children's Hospitals within the greater Athens' area were obtained from the hospital records during a four-year period (2001-2004, n = 3602 children). Mean daily PM10 concentrations recorded by the air pollution-monitoring network of the greater Athens area were also collected. The relationship between CAA and PM10 concentrations was investigated using the Generalized Linear Models with Poisson distribution and logistic analysis. There was a statistically significant (95% CL) relationship between CAA and mean daily PM10 concentrations on the day of ...
Environmental Pollution, 2017
The effects of fine particles (PM 2.5) on asthma have been widely confirmed by epidemiological research studies. However, a limited number of studies have investigated the relationship between exposure to different PM 2.5 components and asthma. We characterized the PM 2.5 components in a suburban site of central Taiwan and conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study to elaborate the effects of daily concentration of each PM 2.5 component on asthma outpatient visits. We retrieved asthma outpatient claims for individuals less than 20 years old with a residential address in the Shalu district, Taiwan, from the National Health Insurance Research Database during 2000e2010. Multiple linear regression models were used to back extrapolate the historic concentration of individual components of PM 2.5 from 2000 through to 2010, including black carbon (BC) and eight ions, namely, sulfate, nitrate (NO 3 À), ammonium, chloride, potassium (K þ), magnesium, calcium, sodium. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of individual PM 2.5 components on asthma was estimated by conditional logistic regression. A total of 887 asthma outpatient visits with individuals who have an average age of 7.96±3.88 years were selected. After adjusting for confounders, we found an interquartile range (IQR) increase in BC level, an IQR increase in NO 3 À level, and an IQR increase in K þ level that were all associated with the increased risk of asthma outpatient visits from the current day (OR ¼ 1.18, 95% CI: 1.05e1.34; OR ¼ 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01 e1.21; and OR ¼ 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04e1.30, respectively). The effects of these components on asthma were stronger in the cold season than in the warm season. However, we did not find any lagging effects. The results suggest that exposure to NO 3 À , BC, and K þ derived from industry-related combustion or motor vehicles emission sources may increase the risk of asthma outpatient visits, particularly during the cold season.
2005
Previously our group found that asthma hospitalization rates in zip code-defined communities of New York City correlate with higher proportions of low income and minority populations in a community. We showed that low-income minority communities have 21 times higher asthma hospitalization rates than more affluent communities in New York. In this work we investigate the relation between asthma burdens, in terms of prevalence and hospitalization rates, and ambient levels of these air pollutants in NYC. Asthma prevalence was determined in schools within each zip code using a parent-response survey. We classified NYC zip codes in three different categories taking into account their asthma burdens: High, Medium or Low. Four zip code areas (study areas) were selected in order to carry out the air pollution exposure comparison: two from high, one from medium and one from low. We compared 1999 to 2003 pollution data from air monitoring stations (AMS) operated by New York State Department of...
Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics, 1992
Concentrations of particulate matter are typically measured at fixed-site samphng locations selected to provide representative measurements of pollutant levels m a given geographic area These fixedsite monitors, however, may not adequately measure exposure of humans to particles, and among the major air pollutants, particles less than 10/zm in aerodynamic diameter (PMI0) have received relatively little attention In Indoor-outdoor and personal exposure studies These particles reach the deepest airways and are also known to contain a number of compounds including sulfates, nitrates and carcinogens In order to investigate the relationship between indoor and outdoor PM10 mass concentrations, a pilot investigation was conducted m 10 homes, 9 with resident asthmatics, in southern California Sampling was conducted using PM I0 and cyclone samplers inside and outside of each home with particle collection on Teflon filters Mass was determined gravlmetrically and mass concentrations were determined by pre-and post-sampling flow checks using a cahbrated rotameter PM10 and cyclone masses were reproducxbly measured, as determined with paired field samples and laboratory pretesting PM10 and cyclone masses were well correlated (R2=0 89, n=27) with slightly more mass found on the PM10 samplers, as expected In the homes of non-smokers and asthmatics surveyed In this study, indoor concentrations were consistently lower than outdoor concentrations (ratio of PM 10 indoor/outdoor medians = 0 70, ratio of cyclone indoor/outdoor medmns=0 79) Indoor cyclone concentrations were moderately correlated with outdoor concentrations (R 2 = 0 56), indicating that much of the variation of Indoor concentrations was driven by variation in ambient concentration The indoor concentrations of PM 10 were less well correlated to outdoor PM l0 (R 2 = 0 34), presumably due to larger size parucles or different chemical characteristics of PM 10 compared to cyclone-collected particles When data from the non-asthmatic's homes were removed, the correlations between indoor and outdoor concentrations were increased The homes of these non-smokers and asthmatics afforded some protection from h~gher outdoor concentrations of particles less than 10 #mm aerodynamic diameter Ke~ word index Indoor air quahty, indoor-outdoor comparison, PMI0, asthmatacs, personal monitoring, cyclone sampler
Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 2001
The effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on respiratory symptoms and respiratory hospitalization (for asthma, bronchitis or pneumonia) were assessed in a cross-sectional study of children (ages 7 ± 11 years, N = 667) living in a moderately industrialized city in Central Slovakia. Individual health, residence and family history data obtained through the CESAR study were coupled, using Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies, with total suspended particulate (TSP) exposure estimates derived from dispersion modeling of almost all local stationary sources. These data were used to assess, at the intra-city level and child-specific level, the potential for TSP as a risk factor for respiratory disease in children. TSP, PM 10 , and PM 2.5 monitored ambient concentrations are highly correlated in the study location. Modeled TSP concentrations resulting from local source emissions are dominated by a large wood processing facility, suggesting variation in exposures among children. The prevalence of respiratory non-asthmatic symptoms and hospitalizations was associated with increased TSP. No association between long-term exposure to TSP and asthma diagnosis or wheeze symptoms was found. Logistic regression modeling indicated a significant increase in hospital admissions for asthma, bronchitis or pneumonia associated with increasing air pollution (OR 2.16, CI, 1.01 ± 4.60) , doctor-diagnosed bronchitis (OR 1.53, CI, 1.02 ± 2.30) , and parent-reported chronic phlegm (OR 3.43, CI, 1.64 ± 7.16) , expressed as odds for a 15 g / m 3 increase in estimated TSP exposure, and these increases are not due to differences in socioeconomic , health care or other identified factors.