The Romanian National Television and the Romanian Communist Party during the 1970s: A complicated relationship The Romanian National Television and the Romanian Communist Party during the 1970s: A complicated relationship (original) (raw)

The exceptionalism of Romanian socialist television and its implications

Panoptikum, 2018

Over the past thirty years, media and television studies have come a long way: from becoming a discipline of study, forming their own methods and methodologies up to encompassing various other disciplines and spanning across all continents. Nevertheless, the vast majority of existing work on television studies remained, for a long period, restricted to American and Western European academic centers and traditions, and developed mostly in reference to capitalist / democratic television-television systems fueled by and entrenched in capitalist / democratic 1 economies. However, during recent years, the study of European televisions has rediscovered socialist television, and we have witnessed a rapid rise in scholarly interest in a new field of research: socialist television studies. Sabina Mihelj, one of its pioneers, points to the topicality of socialist television stud-1 The extent to which these two terms overlap-capitalist (mostly negative connotation) and democratic (positive connotation)-outreaches the scope of this study. Though, we should take into account two seminal elements in the history of European television: firstly, the rejection, in Europe, at least until the 1970s, of many capitalist features of American (commercial) television; secondly, the recent discovery (precisely within Socialist television research) of a much more porous split between Western and Eastern television networks.

Elena Ceauşescu's Personality Cult and Romanian Television

Elena Ceauşescu, spouse of the Romanian communist leader Nicolae Ceauşescu, generated in the 1980s a gigantic homage industry, as she was the object of a personality cult as strong as that of her husband' s. This paper briefly outlines the origin and elements of Nicolae Ceauşescu' s personality cult, to focus then on Elena Ceauşescu' s cult: how at first it was merged with the cult of her husband, her being a mere companion of the head of state, and then grew to the point of paralleling that of Nicolae Ceauşescu during the last years of communist rule in Romania. The second part focuses on the evolution of Roma-nian state television and its crucial role in the diffusion of her personality cult, showing how this state institution became completely subordinated to the presidential couple in the 1980s, and pointing to a paradox of the period: the shorter Romanian television' s daily broadcasting time, the larger the amount of programming on Ceauşescu. Finally, the paper shows how January was infused with anniversary dates meant to consolidate the personality cult of the presidential couple and to reinvent communist traditions.

The endeavour for political and professional freedom in Hungarian television during the 1956 October revolution

Critical Studies on Television, 2023

This study tracks the activities of Hungarian Television's Executive Committee, elected during the October 1956 revolution, which played a key role in the establishment of said television. The work of the Executive Committee included the development of a new television programme policy and structure, as well as the first transmissions of sports events, operas and theatrical performances, the renewal of newscasts and the introduction of entertainment and scientific programmes. It had a long-lasting impact and provided a solid basis for the future operation of Hungarian television.

The Sovietisation of Romania, - -the first two years behind the curtain of propaganda

Journal of Education Culture and Society, 7(2), 364-376, 2016

The dogmatic discourse and institutionalized control build a totalitarian state on two main pillars: propaganda and indoctrination. Our study analyzes the phenomena of cultural mimesis and ideological transplantation inside the Romanian communist system. Periphery and centre represent concepts that help us in the process of constructing our cultural theory about the propaganda system and its evolution during the years before the abolition of monarchy, 1946-1947. The study is based mainly on archive documents. Therefore, we followed up the chronological paths in which the propaganda was used as an external weapon, and also as an internal indoctrination.

Multimedial Perception and Discursive Representation of the Others: Yugoslav Television in Communist Romania

The Multi-Mediatized Other The Construction of Reality in East-Central Europe, 1945–1980, 2017

This chapter offers insight into the way the Others, Yugoslav neighbours, were perceived by the Romanians watching Yugoslavian television in the 1980s in Timişoara, the biggest city of the Romanian Banat. This period of Romanian history , the last years of the totalitarian communist regime, was characterized by an ever-growing and ubiquitous personality cult of Nicolae Ceauşescu. 1 Romanians were forced to live in the self-sufficiency imposed by a ruler trying to prevent his citizens from any form of contact with the rest of Europe. Nevertheless, those living in the close vicinity of state borders had the privilege of watching foreign television , which had a strong signal in these regions, and thus of getting accustomed to the reality of the neighbouring countries, of learning their languages, and of finding out about the Western way of life and values. This chapter is based on a series of interviews with Romanians from Timişoara, who represented a fervent audience of Yugoslav television in the last decades of communist rule. I will analyse the way in which the image of the relevant Others, the Yugoslavs, is discursively constructed by the interlocutors who got acquainted with them by watching Yugoslavian television. In order to render a better image of the social and political context in which all this happened, I offer a brief review of Romanian television during that period, which has been characterized as the most absurd media in Europe, and I discuss the practice of watching foreign TV in socialist Europe. I draw upon the concept of otherness employed in human geography and also try to see to what extent the traces of these relevant Others can be detected today in Timişoara.

MEDIÁLNÍ STUDIA MEDIA STUDIES JOURNAL FOR CRITICAL MEDIA INQUIRY The Timid Giant: The Early Days of Czechoslovak Television

THE TIMID GIANT: THE EARLY DAYS OF CZECHOSLOVAK TELEVISION, 2020

This article describes the early days of television in Czechoslovakia (from the first experiments, through trail broadcasting, to the beginning of the 1960s) from the perspective of the meanings attributed to it in the press and in the television’s documents. The example of Czechoslovakia in the 1950s provides one with a special opportunity to have a look at the ways the new medium was being presented to a particular socialist society and at the attempts to define it and incorporate it into the existing cultural model. The objective of the article is to reflect on the role attributed to the new medium, from the perspective of the social reality’s division into the public and private spheres through the reconstruction of the TV and press document’s image of television. The reconstruction allowed for the identification and description of the essential metaphors and phrases used in in the dominant discourse in order to describe the new medium and thus integrate it in the socialist reality.

The Limits of the Romanian Communist Propaganda: The Case of People’ s Letters

The article analyzes the limits of the Romanian propaganda as they were reflected in letters sent to Nicolae Ceausescu during the first years of his leadership (1965)(1966)(1967) from two different perspectives. Firstly, the limits of the propaganda are assessed in view of Ceausescu's popular identification with the Romanian leadership and especially with an all-powerful national paternal or godparent figure. Secondly, the boundary of propaganda is illustrated by the people's use of the official arguments in order to demonstrate the hypocritical instrumentation of the question of Bessarabia and Bukovina by the new party and state leadership.

MA Thesis CEU 2016 - " The 1974 Moment " and the Romanian Communist Press: Nicolae Ceaușescu's Leader Cult

The structural formation of the leader cult in Communist Romania has been subject to intense scholarly debates since 1989. Most studies analyse its development and relationship with the social in association with the creation of mythology within the Romanian context, the evolution of ‘nationalist’ ideas, and political structural changes that affected the regime down to its core. This thesis unravels its mission in two ways: on one hand, it analyses the development of the leader cult in Romania during the 1970s by insisting on the role of the written press on feeding the regimes proclivities; on the other hand, it contextualizes the social and temporal boundaries of that evolution by an introspection into the importance of the Election of Nicolae Ceaușescu as the first President of Romania. As such, the thesis argues that this event had the role of legitimizing the leader in front of the Romanian people, while at the same time enhancing the image of Ceaușescu as the incorporation of national will. Furthermore, this short study brings about the content changes within the press that were triggered by the Election, as well as an analysis on how all leader cult elements have been gradually constructed by the press in the 1970s.

Political, Administrative and Social Life in the Current Romanian Mass Media. The Fire from the Colectiv Club

2016

We live in an era of information, when we want to know everything happening around us and to be aware of all kinds of public and personal information. The source which provides this information is mass media, whether it is online or in print, radio, or television. We can argue that television is the most important source of information. The aim of this paper is to analyze the content of agenda setting for the main news stations and the national television channels regarding topics related to administration, politics and the social scene.