Anxiety in Early Adolescence: Heterogeneous Developmental Trajectories, Associations with Risk Factors and Depressive Symptoms (original) (raw)
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Predictors and pathways from infancy to symptoms of anxiety and depression in early adolescence
Developmental Psychology, 2009
Data from a prospective 11-year longitudinal survey were used to identify early predictors and pathways to symptoms of anxiety and depression at 12-13 years of age, and to examine whether there were unique predictors of anxious versus depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling was used to explore longitudinal relations between contextual (maternal distress, family adversities, and social support) and temperamental (shyness and emotionality) risk factors in their prediction of informant-consistent symptoms of anxiety and depression. The results show that early risk factors can explain 38% of the variance in boys' covarying symptoms of anxiety and depression in early adolescence, and 25% of variance in girls' covarying symptoms. Two main pathways were identified. One pathway was through temperament, as nearly all risk factors were partly mediated through child emotionality in midchildhood. Another pathway was through early contextual risk factors, with all direct and indirect contextual impact from before 5 years of age. Family adversity uniquely predicted depressive symptoms. These findings underscore the persisting impact of contextual predictors in families with children less than 5 years of age. The importance of early interventions to prevent adolescent internalizing problems is stressed.
Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Académie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, 2013
To identify developmental trajectories of anxiety symptoms for adolescent girls and boys. Trajectories were compared with regard to early-adolescent risk factors and psychiatric outcomes during adolescence and in young adulthood. A community sample of 2,230 adolescents was assessed three times across a six-year interval (10-17 years). Symptom scores of anxiety were analyzed with growth mixture models, stratified by gender. Three gender-specific anxiety trajectories were identified for both girls (93.3% low, 4.1% mid-adolescence limited, 2.6% mid-adolescence increasing) and boys (84.4% low, 9.5% mid-adolescence limited, 6.1% early-adolescence decreasing). Child, family and peer factors at baseline predicted group membership of the mid-adolescence limited anxiety trajectory and the early-adolescence decreasing anxiety trajectory in boys. Parental emotional problems predicted the early-adolescence anxiety increase trajectory in girls. Prevalence of anxiety disorders and depression duri...
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2014
This study examined the developmental trajectory of anxiety symptoms among 290 boys and evaluated the association of trajectory groups with child and family risk factors and children's internalizing disorders. Anxiety symptoms were measured using maternal reports from the Child Behavior Checklist (T. M. for boys between the ages of 2 and 10. A group-based trajectory analysis revealed 4 distinct trajectories in the development of anxiety symptoms: low, low increasing, high declining, and high-increasing trajectories. Child shy temperament tended to differentiate between initial high and low groups, whereas maternal negative control and maternal depression were associated with increasing trajectories and elevated anxiety symptoms in middle childhood. Follow-up analyses to diagnoses of preadolescent depression and/or anxiety disorders revealed different patterns on the basis of trajectory group membership. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms of risk factors and implications for early identification and prevention.
2013
Objective: To identify developmental trajectories of anxiety symptoms for adolescent girls and boys. Trajectories were compared with regard to early-adolescent risk factors and psychiatric outcomes during adolescence and in young adulthood. Method: A community sample of 2,230 adolescents was assessed three times across a six-year interval (10-17 years). Symptom scores of anxiety were analyzed with growth mixture models, stratified by gender. Results: Three genderspecific anxiety trajectories were identified for both girls (93.3% low, 4.1% mid-adolescence limited, 2.6% mid-adolescence increasing) and boys (84.4% low, 9.5% mid-adolescence limited, 6.1% early-adolescence decreasing). Child, family and peer factors at baseline predicted group membership of the mid-adolescence limited anxiety trajectory and the earlyadolescence decreasing anxiety trajectory in boys. Parental emotional problems predicted the early-adolescence anxiety increase trajectory in girls. Prevalence of anxiety disorders and depression during adolescence and in early adulthood was higher in both the mid-adolescence limited and the mid-adolescence anxiety increase trajectory. Conclusions: The longitudinal course of anxiety symptoms during adolescence was characterized by three distinct gender-specific developmental trajectories. The most at-risk trajectory in girls was the mid-adolescence anxiety increase trajectory, and in boys the mid-adolescence limited trajectory. None of the environmental (i.e., child, family and peer) factors distinguished the at-risk trajectories from the other trajectories.
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 2021
Several studies have investigated the relationship between adolescents’ responses to stress and general anxiety and depression, but only few studies addressed the relationship between responses to stress and social anxiety. The current three-wave longitudinal study, that covered a period of 5 years with a time interval of on average two years between waves, examined concurrent as well as prospective relations between adolescents’ self-reported stress responses, including coping responses, and self-perceived social anxiety. Both the predictive power of social anxiety for different stress responses and, reversely, of stress responses for social anxiety were evaluated. Participants were 331 youth (170 boys) aged 9 to 17 years old at Wave 1. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure social anxiety, responses to social stress, and depressive symptoms. Results showed significant concurrent relations between social anxiety and maladaptive stress responses. Moreover, the study yielded...
ANXIETY DISORDER IN ADOLESCENCE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE (Atena Editora)
ANXIETY DISORDER IN ADOLESCENCE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE (Atena Editora), 2024
Objective: Assess the prevalence of anxiety in adolescence, the characteristic symptoms and the impacts on quality of life. Literature review: Anxiety is a future feeling, essential, but pathological in excess. Anxiety disorder, which affects more than 450 million people globally, can be associated with limitations in daily activities and comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease. Among adolescents, Panic Disorder and Social Phobia prevail from 9% to 32%, respectively. The prevalence of anxiety in adolescence varies from 5.2% to 20%, linked to factors such as age, gender and education, with symptoms such as nervousness, tachycardia and concentration difficulties. Furthermore, behavioral and environmental factors influence its emergence. As a result of this situation, anxiety harms the academic and social performance of young people, impacting interpersonal and family relationships. Untreated pathologies are influenced by parental rigidity and bullying, worsening disorders and harming the well-being of individuals. Final considerations: It is concluded that there is a low dissemination of information about the prevalence, symptoms and their impacts on the quality of life of these adolescents, and a multidisciplinary approach and preventive measures are essential to promote emotional well-being at this critical stage of development.
Developmental Trajectories of Anxiety and Depression in Early Adolescence
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2014
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Anxiety disorders in adolescence: Characteristics, prevalence, and comorbidities
Clinical Psychology Review, 1994
Anxiety disorders are increasingly being recognized as important psychiatric disorders in adolescents. The anxiety disorders recognized in preadolescent children and adults all occur, to some extent, in adolescents. The characteristic presentations may be somewhat dyerent, however, among &j%rent age groups. Generalized anvie9 syndromes and phobias are relatively common in adolescents. Some anxiety disorders are clearly less common in adolescents, such as panic disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder, but subthreshold symptoms during adolescence may be early manifestations of more severe adult psychopathology. Adolescent anxiety disorders may frequently be comorbid with depression, alcohol abuse, and conduct disorder. The developmental changes which occur from preadolescent childhood to adulthood clearly inzumce anxie& symptoms and anxiety disorders. while anxieg disorders during adolesence have some features which are uniqm to this age group, understanding these developmental relationships may be critical in determining the etiology of anxiety disorders across the life span. While normal adolescent development involves a variety of psychological challenges, the myth that high levels of anxiety and other psychopathology are normal in adolescence is increasingly being recognized as false (Ebata, Petersen, & Conger, 1990). Anxiety disorders have been found to be relatively common in epidemiological studies of adolescents (Kashani & Orvaschel, 1988; McGee et al., 1990; Whitaker et al., 1990). Although some anxiety symptomatology occuring during adolescence may be transient responses to developmental challenges (Achenbach, 1990), data from adult populations suggest that
Psychosocial and biological risk factors of anxiety disorders in adolescents: a TRAILS report
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Anxiety disorders are a common problem in adolescent mental health. Previous studies have investigated only a limited number of risk factors for the development of anxiety disorders concurrently. By investigating multiple factors simultaneously, a more complete understanding of the etiology of anxiety disorders can be reached. Therefore, we assessed preadolescent socio-demographic, familial, psychosocial, and biological factors and their association with the onset of anxiety disorders in adolescence. This study was conducted among 1584 Dutch participants of the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS). Potential risk factors were assessed at baseline (age 10–12), and included socio-demographic (sex, socioeconomic status), familial (parental anxiety and depression), psychosocial (childhood adversity, temperament), and biological (body mass index, heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol) variables. Anxiety disorders were assessed at about age 19 years through the Composite ...
Development and psychopathology, 2014
In this study, we prospectively examined developmental trajectories of five anxiety disorder symptom dimensions (generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, school anxiety, separation anxiety disorder, and social anxiety disorder) from early to late adolescence in a community sample of 239 adolescents, assessed annually over 8 years. Latent growth modeling indicated different developmental trajectories from early into late adolescence for the different anxiety disorder symptoms, with some symptoms decreasing and other symptoms increasing over time. Sex differences in developmental trajectories were found for some symptoms, but not all. Furthermore, latent class growth analysis identified a normal developmental profile (including a majority of adolescents reporting persistent low anxiety disorder symptoms over 8 years) and an at-risk developmental profile (including a minority of adolescents reporting persistent high anxiety disorder symptoms over 8 years) for all of the anxiety di...