Association of depression and anxiety with cardiovascular co-morbidity in a primary care population in Latvia: a cross-sectional study (original) (raw)
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Acta medica Lituanica, 2014
Background. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Lithuania. The key modifiable factors identified for CVD prevention include lifestyle and behavior factors (e. g. diet, body weight, physical activity, cigarette smoking), and health risk factors (e. g. hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, etc.), also anxiety and depression are considered as potentially modifiable CVD risk factors as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between psychosocial stress, manifested as anxiety and depression, and CVD. Material and methods. 317 individuals (155 men and 162 women) aged 40–85 years were randomly selected from primary care centers in 20 cities of Lithuania. Individuals were interviewed using the validated questionnaire comprising nutritional habits, family history and lifestyle factors. Psychosocial stress was evaluated using the HAD scale. Serum concentrations of cholesterol, HDL-Ch, LDL-Ch, triglycerides were measure...
Maturitas, 2017
Objectives: Although there is substantial evidence that psychological factors play an important role in the onset and course of cardiovascular disease (CVD), less is known about their combined effect and the pathways by which they affect cardiovascular health. The present work aimed to prospectively explore the effects of depression and anxiety on the 10-year CVD incidence, in relation to other lifestyle determinants, as linking factors in the context of the ATTICA study. Study design/Main outcome measures: The ATTICA study is a populationbased, health and nutrition prospective cohort study (2002-2012), during which 853 middle-aged participants without a history of CVD [453 men (aged 45 ± 13 years) and 400 women (aged 44 ± 18 years)], underwent psychological evaluations at enrollment. The latent trait of depression and anxiety combined measure was estimated and referred as "Psychological distress"; path analysis was applied to describe the relationships among the different factors. Results: "Psychological distress" was positively associated with the 10-year CVD incidence (adjusted OR per 10 units: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.7). Three linking pathways were revealed: sedentariness, inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Moreover, "Psychological distress" mediated the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and CVD, with participants of low SES scoring higher on the psychological measure (adjusted linear regression coefficient b: −7.1, 95% CI: −9.7, −4.5). Conclusions: Lifestyle and clinical factors seem to link psychological distress with CVD development. Joint psychological assessments should be considered for inclusion in CVD preventive strategies, which should incorporate interventions for interrupting the linking pathways.
PloS one, 2015
Depression is known to be associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This population-based cohort study aimed to determine the association between depression of varying severity and risk for CVD and to study the effect of concomitant anxious distress on this association. We utilized data from a longitudinal cohort study of mental health, work and relations among adults (20-64 years), with a total of 10,443 individuals. Depression and anxious distress were assessed using psychiatric rating scales and defined according to DSM-5. Outcomes were register-based and self-reported cardiovascular diseases. Overall increased odds ratios of 1.5 to 2.6 were seen for the different severity levels of depression, with the highest adjusted OR for moderate depression (OR 2.1 (95% CI 1.3, 3.5). Similar odds ratios were seen for sub-groups of CVD: ischemic/hypertensive heart disease and stroke, 2.4 (95% CI 1.4, 3.9) and OR 2.1 (95%CI 1.2, 3.8) respectively. Depression with anxious distress as a sp...
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
Background Depression often co-exists with non-cardiovascular morbid conditions. Whether this comorbidity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease has so far not been studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine if non-cardiovascular morbidity modifies the effect of depression on future risk of CVD. Methods Data was derived from the PART study (acronym in Swedish for: Psykisk hälsa, Arbete och RelaTioner: Mental Health, Work and Relationships), a longitudinal cohort study on mental health, work and relations, including 10,443 adults (aged 20–64 years). Depression was assessed using the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) and self-reported data on non-cardiovascular morbidity was assessed in 1998–2000. Outcomes of CVD were assessed using the National Patient Register during 2001–2014. Results Both depression (HR 1.5 (95% CI, 1.1, 2.0)) and non-cardiovascular morbidity (HR 2.0 (95% CI, 1.8, 2.6)) were associated with an increased future risk of CVD. The combined effect of de...
European journal of preventive cardiology, 2017
Background Chronic stress frequently manifests with anxiety and/or depressive symptomatology and may have detrimental cardiometabolic effects over time. As such, recognising the potential links between stress-related psychological disorders and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is becoming increasingly important in cardiovascular epidemiology research. The primary aim of this study was to explore prospectively potential associations between clinically relevant depressive symptomatology and anxiety levels and the 10-year CVD incidence among apparently healthy Greek adults. Design A population-based, health and nutrition prospective survey. Methods In the context of the ATTICA Study (2002-2012), 853 adult participants without previous CVD history (453 men (45 ± 13 years) and 400 women (44 ± 18 years)) underwent psychological evaluations through validated, self-reporting depression and anxiety questionnaires. Results After adjustment for multiple established CVD risk factors, both reported ...
Purpose This study aims to examine whether specific anxiety disorder comorbidity alters the purported association between depression and specific cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods In 4,181 representative German participants of the general population, 12-month prevalence of psychiatric disorders was assessed through the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and CVDs by physician verified diagnosis. Adjusting for conventional risk factors logistic regression analyzed the association between CVDs (peripheral vascular disease (PVD), hypertension, cerebrovascular disease and heart disease) and combinations of comorbidity between depression and anxiety disorder types (panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia and generalized anxiety). Results There were 770 cases of hypertension (18.4 %), 763 cases of cerebrovascular disease (18.2 %), 748 cases of PVD (17.9 %), and 1,087 cases of CVD (26.0 %). In adjusted analyses phobia comorbid with depression was associated with cerebrovascular disease (odds ratio (OR) 1.61; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.04–2.50) as was panic disorder (OR 2.89; 95 % CI 1.47–5.69). PVD was significantly associated with panic disorder (adjusted OR 2.97; 95 % CI 1.55–5.69). Panic disorder was associated with CVDs (adjusted OR 2.28; 95 % CI 1.09–4.77) as was phobia (adjusted OR 1.35; 95 % CI 1.04–1.78). Conclusions Classification of anxiety and depression according to comorbidity groups showed discrete effects for panic disorder and specific phobia with CVDs, independent from covariates and depression.
Prevalence of Depression and Clinical Anxiety in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy Research
Depression and Clinical Anxiety predict a worse prognosis for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Recent studies warn of high rates of clinical depression and anxiety in patients with CVD. The reported percentages range over a wide range. In order to provide new data on the prevalence of Depression and Clinical Anxiety in CVD, the psychological state of 70 Argentine adults attending a Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Program was surveyed. Two psychological scales were administered: the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory II. It was observed a 17.1% of participants with probable Major Depressive Disorder and a 27.1% with probable Clinical Anxiety. The results of the current study are in accordance with the percentages reported by previous studies. A significant number of patients presented comorbidity between Clinical Depression and Anxiety. No differences were found by gender. It is recommended that health professionals take into consideration the high prevalence of Clin...