Effects of diazinon and diazoxon on the lymphoproliferation rate of splenocytes from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): The immunosuppresive effect could involve an increase in acetylcholine levels (original) (raw)
Related papers
Hematological changes of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in response to Diazinon pesticide
Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 2015
Diazinon is widely consumed for plague control in the agricultural farms and in domestic and aquaculture aspects. The present research purposed to evaluate the effect of half-lethal concentration (LC50) of diazinon on some biochemical and hematological parameters of silver carp, hypophthalmichthys molitrix, after 0, 24, 48 and 96 h. The results showed that the values of leukocytes (WBC), haematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), MCHC, lymphocyte, cortisol and glucose were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The mount of MCV and MCH were significantly increased at 48 h and then decreased at 96 h (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant increasing in neutrophils count at 48 h, and then a significant decreasing at 96 h (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in RBC, monocyte and eosinophile counts among treatment groups at different sampling intervals. Thereupon, low-term (96 h) exposure to diazinon at half-lethal concentration (LC50) caused biochemical and hematological changes in silver carp, and offers a simply implement to appraise toxicity-derivatived changes.
Agricultural Sciences, 2020
In all parts of the world pesticides have been found in the aquatic ecosystem and scientific evidence has also shown that they can enter the food chain. Diazinon is an organophosphate pesticide, widely used in agriculture to control a wide variety of suckling and leaf eating insects and recently in fish culture to suppress some parasitic diseases; nevertheless, there is little study on its adverse effect on fish. In this study, seventy-two (72) apparently healthy catfish comprising adult and juvenile of both sexes were used to set up triplicate experimental groups of those exposed to culture water alone (control group), fish exposed to predetermined no-effect concentration (0.405 ppm) of Diazinon (test group). The fish were exposed for 28 days and fish were sacrificed and organs harvested on days 21 and 28 to determine the effect of long-term exposure to diazinon on organ histology. Histological changes observed in diazinon-exposed catfish were hyperplasia and fusion of the gill epithelium, hyperplasia of mucoid producing cells and aggregation of melanin pigment in the skin. Histological lesions were also seen observed in other organs, including severe diffuse cellular swelling and fatty degeneration of the liver, interstitial congestion of the kidney, carbon deposit on the wall of the heart and multifocal haemorrhage. The water quality of the control was not significantly different from that of the test group throughout the experiment. The lesions detected in cells, tissue, or organs represent an integration of cumulative effects of physiological and biochemical stressors. The histological alterations
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diazinonon behavior and some hematological indices in rainbow trout fry. The presence of diazinon, an organophosphorous pesticide, in rivers near the paddy fields has been reported by some authors. During one week 120 pieces of rainbow trout fries were exposed to three different concentration of Diazinon including 25, 50 and 75 percent of LC50 ( LC50=1.65 mg/lit) in 3 experimental groups and one blank group (by three times replicates ) by O.E.C.D method. Exposed fries showed some signs including neural paralysis, imbalance, abnormal swimming, sever impatience and paleness. The results showed that the number of leukocytes (WBC), erythrocytes (RBC), haematocrit (PCV) and hemoglobin(Hb) was significantly decreased (P<0.05), but the amount of MCV and MCH was increased significantly by 50 % and decreased again. Lymphocyte decreased significantly by 50 % and then increased by 75 %. There was a significant increase in neutrophils count by 50 % and then decrease by 75 %. Resulted changes in erythrocyte & leukocytes after exposing to Diazinon are due to malfunction in hemopoiesis and decrease in non-specific immune system. In conclusion, long-term exposure to diazinon at sub-lethal concentrations induced biochemical alterations in rainbow trout and offers a simple tool to evaluate toxicityderived alterations
Aquaculture, 2006
Lysozyme activity, chemiluminuscence (CL) response and immunocompetent cells population size were assessed in great sturgeon (Huso huso) weighing about 425 g following long-term exposure of fish to sublethal concentration of diazinon at 1.5 mg L − 1 at 22 ± 1°C and acceptable water quality conditions. Samples were collected after 24 h and then every week interval for 9 weeks. Values of white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocyte in fish exposed to diazinon (group B) were significantly lower than unexposed group (group A) while, the level of neutrophils was higher (P b 0.05). No significant differences were found in values of monocytes, eosinophils and immature neutrophils between these two groups (P N 0.05). Also, values of WBC and neutrophils in intraperitoneally glucan injected fish (0.3 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally as a single dose) plus diazinon bath (group D) were lower and higher than glucan received fish without diazinon bath (group C), respectively (P b 0.05). Lymphocyte, monocyte and immature neutrophils values in group D were also higher than group C for the first 7, 14 and 28 days post-exposure, respectively and then they reduced to lower levels than group C during the rest of the experiment. Also, level of eosinophils in group D was lower than group C (P N 0.05). The level of lysozyme in liver and kidney tissues of group B was significantly and insignificantly higher (P b 0.05) than group A for 4 weeks post-treatment and then it reduced to lower levels until week 9 post-exposure. The levels of lysozyme in spleen and serum were also, significantly and insignificantly higher in group B than group A for the first 3-4 weeks post-exposure and, then they reduced to below the levels measured during the rest of the experiment (P N 0.05). There was no significant difference in the lysozyme contents of liver, kidney, spleen and serum between groups C and D (P N 0.05). Mean spontaneous CL response in groups B and D was significantly lower than groups A and C throughout the experiment (P b 0.05). Maximum peak of CL response was found in group C for 5 weeks post-exposure, while the minimum peak was found in group B throughout the experiment. Also, peak of CL response in group D was almost similar to that of group C up to 2 weeks postexposure, but it significantly reduced to lower level than group C during the rest of the experiment.