Burning mouth syndrome. A case report from diagnosis to cure (original) (raw)

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Burning mouth syndrome: a review on diagnosis and treatment

Journal of medicine and life

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as a chronic pain condition characterized by a burning sensation in the clinically healthy oral mucosa. It is difficult to diagnose BMS because there is a discrepancy between the severity, extensive objective pain felt by the patient and the absence of any clinical changes of the oral mucosa. This review presents some aspects of BMS, including its clinical diagnosis, classification, differential diagnosis, general treatment, evolution and prognosis.

Burning mouth syndrome: An update

2010

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) refers to chronic orofacial pain, unaccompanied by mucosal lesions or other evident clinical signs. It is observed principally in middle-aged patients and postmenopausal women. BMS is characterized by an intense burning or stinging sensation, preferably on the tongue or in other areas of the oral mucosa. It can be accompanied by other sensory disorders such as dry mouth or taste alterations. Probably of multifactorial origin, and often idiopathic, with a still unknown etiopathogenesis in which local, systemic and psychological factors are implicated. Currently there is no consensus on the diagnosis and classification of BMS. This study reviews the literature on this syndrome, with special reference to the etiological factors that may be involved and the clinical aspects they present. The diagnostic criteria that should be followed and the therapeutic management are discussed with reference to the most recent studies.

Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Review

Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons, 2017

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is characterized by chronic oro-facial pain in the absence of specific oral lesions & clinically apparent mucosal alterations. It is more commonly observed in middle aged patients & postmenopausal women. It often affects tongue, cheek, lip, hard & soft palate. Usually symptoms are better observed in morning, worsen during the day and typically subside at night. The condition is multifactorial origin, often idiopathic and its etiopathogenesis remain largely enigmatic. Associated medical conditions may include neurologic and metabolic disorder, gastrointestinal, urogenital as well as drug reactions. BMS are of two types, primary & secondary. Primary BMS is essential or idiopathic where secondary BMS is caused by local, systemic and/or psychological factors. Clinical diagnosis depends on the careful history taking, physical examinations and laboratory findings. Vitamin, Zinc or Hormone replacement therapy has been found to be effective with deficiency of the corresponding factors. The drug therapy with alpha-lipoic acid, capsaicin, clonazepam, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants may be effective in symptomatic treatment of BMS. But the treatment is still unsatisfactory and there is no definitive cure.

Burning mouth syndrome: a review and update

Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 2013

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by the presence of burning sensation of the oral mucosa in the absence of clinically apparent mucosal alterations. It occurs more commonly in middle-aged and elderly women and often affects the tongue tip and lateral borders, lips, and hard and soft palate. In addition to a burning sensation, the patients with BMS may also complain unremitting oral mucosal pain, dysgeusia, and xerostomia. BMS can be classified into two clinical forms: primary and secondary BMS. The primary BMS is essential or idiopathic, in which the organic local/systemic causes cannot be identified and a neuropathological cause is likely. The diagnosis of primary BMS depends mainly on exclusion of etiological factors. The secondary BMS is caused by local, systemic, and/or psychological factors; thus, its diagnosis depends on identification of the exact causative factor. When local, systemic or psychological factors are present, treatment or elimination of these factors usually results in a significant clinical improvement of BMS symptoms. Vitamin, zinc, or hormone replacement therapy has been found to be effective for reducing the oral burning or pain symptom in some BMS patients with deficiency of the corresponding factor. If patients still have the symptoms after the removal of potential causes, drug therapy should be instituted. Previous randomized controlled clinical trials found that drug therapy with capsaicin, alpha-lipoic acid, clonazepam, and antidepressants may provide relief of oral burning or pain symptom. In addition, psychotherapy and behavioral feedback may also help eliminate the BMS symptoms.

Review Article Burning Mouth Syndrome: An Enigma to the Diagnostician

2016

Burning mouth syndrome is an enigmatic condition because the intensity of symptoms rarely corresponds to the clinical signs of the disease. It is a burning or stinging sensation affecting the oral mucosa, lips and/or tongue in absence of clinically visible mucosal lesions. There is strong female predilection. Affected patients often present with multiple oral symptoms including burning, dry mouth, pain & taste alterations. The etiology is multifactorial & remains poorly understood. Burning mouth syndrome is a challenge to diagnose and manage. The present article discusses some of the recent understanding of etiopathogenesis of BMS as well as the role of pharmacotherapeutic management in this disorder.

Burning Mouth Syndrome : A Perspective

2013

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) refers to chronic orofacial pain, unaccompanied by mucosal lesions or other evident clinical signs. It is observed principally in middle-aged patients and postmenopausal women. Various local, systemic and psychological factors are associated with BMS, but its aetiology is not fully understood. Although effective therapies have been identified in concrete cases, a treatment modality offering efficacy in most cases of BMS remains to be established. This article discusses the pathogenesis, differentials and management of burning mouth syndrome.

Burning Mouth Syndrome: An Enigma to the Diagnostician

International Journal of Biomedical Research, 2014

Burning mouth syndrome is an enigmatic condition because the intensity of symptoms rarely corresponds to the clinical signs of the disease. It is a burning or stinging sensation affecting the oral mucosa, lips and/or tongue in absence of clinically visible mucosal lesions. There is strong female predilection. Affected patients often present with multiple oral symptoms including burning, dry mouth, pain & taste alterations. The etiology is multifactorial & remains poorly understood. Burning mouth syndrome is a challenge to diagnose and manage. The present article discusses some of the recent understanding of etiopathogenesis of BMS as well as the role of pharmacotherapeutic management in this disorder.

Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Review of the Etiopathologic Factors and Management

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2016

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by pain in the mouth with or with no inflammatory signs and no specific lesions. Synonyms found in literature include glossodynia, oral dysesthesia, glossopyrosis, glossalgia, stomatopyrosis, and stomatodynia. Burning mouth syndrome generally presents as a triad: Mouth pain, alteration in taste, and altered salivation, in the absence of visible mucosal lesions in the mouth. The syndrome generally manifests spontaneously, and the discomfort is typically of a continuous nature but increases in intensity during evening and at night. The etiopathogenesis seems to be complex and in a large number of patients probably involves interactions among local, systemic, and/or psychogenic factors. The differential diagnosis requires the exclusion of oral mucosal lesions or blood test alterations that can produce burning mouth sensation. Management is always based on the etiological agents involved. If burning persists after local or systemic conditions are treated, then treatment is aimed at controlling neuropathic symptoms. Treatment of BMS is still unsatisfactory, and there is no definitive cure. As a result, a multidisciplinary approach is required to bring the condition under better control. The aim of this review was to discuss several aspects of BMS, update current knowledge, and provide guidelines for patient management.

Burning Mouth Syndrome: Case Report

Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of …, 2010

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) or oral dysesthesia syndrome causes chronic pain in the orofacial region without any detectable causes. The most commonly manifested clinical features are xerostomia, burning sensation in the mouth, and dysgeusia. These manifestations ideally show a diurnal pattern, in which they are less in the morning and worsen as the day progresses and classically subside at the night time. BMS has multifactorial etiology. This report describes a case of BMS in a 35-year-old female patient.