On the Occurrence of Transient Puffs in a Rotary Kiln Incinerator Simulator I. Prototype Solid Plastic Wastes (original) (raw)
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1987
This article discusses a statistically designed parametric investigation to determine which waste and kiln variables (charge mass, charge surface area, charge composition, and kiln temperature) significantly affect both instantaneous intensity and total magnitude of the puffs leaving a kiln used to incinerate simple prototype plastic wastes, ranging from polyethylene to polyvinychloride. Results show the relative ease with which failure conditions
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021
A pilot assessment procedure is introduced and used for the self-heating behavior of 50 industrial wastes based on UN N. 4 test and their subsequent classification as hazardous or non-hazardous, according to the Waste Framework Directive (WFD). When a waste contains self-heating substances it is classified as 'Hazardous Waste' by hazard property HP3: Flammable according to Regulation (EU) No 1357/2014. Self-heating is considered as a precursor stage to spontaneous ignition and fire under certain circumstances, with environmental effects and both human and property losses. The influence of the following parameters on the self-heating nature of the industrials wastes was assessed: temperature, granulometry and moisture. It was demonstrated that although some wastes are classified as absolute non-hazardous (ANH), they may still exhibit self-heating and thus must be classified as hazardous by HP3. It seems that there is a gap between the definition of hazardous waste according to WFD and the entry type of List of Wastes (LoW), regarding the ANH entries. This was found to be the case with two of the wastes examined. Finally, for a waste exhibiting self-heating, experiments were performed with addition of inert material, in order to secure safe management of the waste.
ANALYSIS AND FORMULATION OF COMBUSTIBLE COMPONENTS IN NON-HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTES
“Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)”, 2022
Wang, LK, McGinnis, WC and Wang, MHS (2022). Analysis and formulation of combustible components in non-hazardous solid wastes. In: “Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)”, Wang, LK and Tsao, HP (eds.), 4 (9A), STEAM-VOL4-NUM9A-SEPT2022, 37 pages, Lenox Institute Press, Massachusetts, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/0p7c-wp38 ............ABSTRACT: The non-hazardous solid wastes from industrial plants are similar to municipal solid wastes (MSW). An industrial plant is planning to reuse its own non-hazardous solid wastes as a supplemental source of fuel to its incinerator. The objectives of this research are: (a) to determine the energy values using both the modified Dulong Formula, and a traditional method; and (b) to determine the empirical chemical formula of the plant's own solid wastes using the values of ultimate analysis. This publication introduces the various solid wastes, (such as food, paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles, rubber, leather, garden trimming, wood, glass, tin cans, nonferrous metals, ferrous metals, dirt, and ashes), and their physical and chemical compositions (such as, percent by weight, dry weight, moisture content, inert residue, and energy content). Using the available typical MSW information, the energy values for the target industrial non-hazardous combustible solid wastes (excluding the wastes of glass, tin cans, nonferrous metals, ferrous metals, dirt, and ashes) were determined to be 5776 Btu/lb with the modified Dulong Formula and 6045 Btu/lb with the traditional method. The two calculated energy values are very close. The empirical chemical formula of the target solid waste was determined to be C664 H1741 O745 N14.4 S. This formula can be used by the plant's planners and managers in evaluating the feasibility of alternative uses of the target solid waste such as heat generation and materials recycling
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2011
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfills may contain aluminum from residential and commercial solid waste, industrial waste, and aluminum production wastes. Some aluminum-bearing waste, particularly aluminum production wastes, may react exothermically with liquid within a landfill and cause uncontrolled temperature increases, significant changes in gas composition and pressure, nuisance odors, changes in leachate composition and quantity, consumption of the surrounding waste, and damage to engineered components. This paper discusses techniques for determining whether an exothermic aluminum waste reaction and/or combustion exists in an MSW landfill facility and provides recommendations for the safe disposal of aluminum production waste.
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Environmental Engineering Science, 2006
Data from industrial incinerators and previously published laboratory studies have shown that destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of chemical waste is adversely affected by lower inlet waste concentrations. The objective of this research is to use experimental data and theoretical modeling to study the effect of waste concentration on DRE. Original experimental data on methylene chloride (CH 2 Cl 2) destruction and literature data on the destruction of methyl chloride (CH 3 Cl) and benzene (C 6 H 6), together with detailed mechanistic modeling, are used. It is shown that fragments derived from waste molecules modify the free radical composition in the combustion environment, and induce additional or altered destruction pathways. To evaluate the effect of waste concentration on its DRE quantitatively, the rate function ϭ e Ϫ⌬K is derived, where ⌬K is the total additional rate of destruction, and is the waste residence time. It is shown that the additional rate of waste destruction, ⌬K, increases exponentially with waste inlet concentration.
Thermal treatment of hazardous wastes: a comparison of fluidized bed and rotary kiln incineration
Energy & Fuels, 1993
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Waste Management, 2004
Environmental and safety aspects of seasonal storage of baled municipal solid waste to be used as fuel for energy production (waste fuel), was investigated and experiments were carried out on burning of bales. The flammability, combustion processes and emissions were studied by simulating, in small-scale, potential effects of a possible fire in full-scale bale storage area. Despite the high water content and the high density of the bales, after setting fire, the bales burned well, even though no risk for self-ignition exists. The following parameters of the combustion product were measured continuously: O 2 , CO 2 , CO, SO 2 , NO, NO 2 , NO x , THC, smoke gas rate and the temperature of the smoke. Soot particles in the smoke were collected and analysed for Hg, Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu, Co, Sb and V concentrations. The analysis of the moisture content, concentrations of Hg, Cd, HCl, HF, HBr, NH 3
Mass balance for POPs in hazardous and municipal solid waste incinerators
Chemosphere, 2010
The amount of different persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the input of waste incinerators was compared to that in the output. Three cases were considered: a rotary kiln incinerating hazardous waste, a grate furnace incinerating municipal solid waste (MSW) and the same grate furnace co-incinerating plastics of waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and automotive shredder residue (ASR) with MSW. The mass balance for PCBs in the rotary kiln indicates that these POPs are destroyed effectively during incineration. The grate furnace can be a sink or source of PCDD/Fs and PCBs depending on the concentrations in the incinerated waste. In order to compare the total amount of POPs in input and output, a methodology was developed whereby the amount of POPs was weighed according to minimal risk doses (MRDs) or cancer potency factors. For both incinerators the PCDD/Fs, PCBs and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the main contributors to total weighed POP output. In MSW, the PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) are the main contributors to the weighed POP input. The ratios of the weighed POP-input over -output clearly indicate that the rotary kiln incinerating hazardous waste is a weighed POP sink. The grate furnace incinerating MSW is a weighed POP sink or source depending on the POP-concentrations in the waste, but the difference between output and input is rather limited. When e.g. ASR and plastics of WEEE, containing high concentrations of PBDEs and PCBs, are coincinerated in the grate furnace, it is clearly a weighed POP sink.