Nano-wired polyaniline/VS2 composite materials for quasi-solid-state supercapacitor and zinc-ion battery applications (original) (raw)
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Synthetic Metals, 2020
Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the important materials in conducting polymers (CPs) for significant applications in devices due to its unique properties such as high electrical conductivity, flexibility, and economical price. In this work, novel and eco-friendly green synthesis of polyaniline Nanorod (PANI-NR) were developed by solar irradiation approach in acidic medium without the aid of any surfactant and template. As characterized by morphology studies, the average diameter of PANI-NR is approximately 200-250 nm and length is 2-2.5 µm. The elemental analysis and structural geometry of PANI-NR are examined through EDX, Mapping, and XRD studies. The electrochemical properties were investigated using CV, GCD, and EIS techniques. The electrochemical performance of Cyclic voltammetry analysis shows the redox peaks which confirms the PANI-NR has excellent electrical conductivity. A specific capacitance of 25 F/g at 10 mV/s scan rate by CV studies and 106 F/g at 1 A/g current density by GCD studies is observed for One-Dimensional (1D) PANI-NR as an electrode material for supercapacitor. Also, it shows remarkable cyclic retention and stability. These results indicate that PANI-NR is expected to have better electrochemical performance in energy storage applications.
Nanomaterials
Supercapacitors (SCs), also known as ultracapacitors, should be one of the most promising contenders for meeting the needs of human viable growth owing to their advantages: for example, excellent capacitance and rate efficiency, extended durability, and cheap materials price. Supercapacitor research on electrode materials is significant because it plays a vital part in the performance of SCs. Polyaniline (PANI) is an exceptional candidate for energy-storage applications owing to its tunable structure, multiple oxidation/reduction reactions, cheap price, environmental stability, and ease of handling. With their exceptional morphology, suitable functional linkers, metal sites, and high specific surface area, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are outstanding materials for electrodes fabrication in electrochemical energy storage systems. The combination of PANI and MOF (PANI/MOF composites) as electrode materials demonstrates additional benefits, which are worthy of exploration. The posit...
Electrochimica Acta, 2015
In the present study, polyaniline (PANI)/partially exfoliated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Px-MWCNT) nanocomposites were investigated for supercapacitor application. Nanocomposites with varying weight/ weight ratio of PANI and Px-MWCNT were prepared by in-situ polymerization of aniline over Px-MWCNT. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic analysis showed that the MWCNT was partial unzipped along the length of tubes. The morphology of PANI/Px-MWCNT nanocomposites exhibited wrapping of PANI over Px-MWCNT. Symmetric supercapacitors containing PANI/Px-MWCNT nanocomposites as the electrode material were fabricated. The electrochemical characterization of the nanocomposites was carried by two electrode method (unit cell configuration). Cyclic voltammetric analysis showed a synergistic increase in specific capacitance of the nanocomposites. Charge-discharge cycle study indicated that nanocomposites have greater charge-discharge rate capability than pure PANI. The observed result is attributed to the shorter diffusion length of ions in the nanocomposites as compared to that of pure PANI. The electrochemical impedance spectra of supercapacitors were resolved into real and losscapacitances. The loss capacitance indicated that the time constant of the nanocomposites decreases with increase in the Px-MWCNT content. The supercapacitors showed enhanced stability during continuous charge-discharge cycling as the PX-MWCNT content in the nanocomposites increased. PANI-50 and PANI-25 nanocomposites based supercapacitors exhibited 91% and 93% capacitive retention after 2000 charge-discharge cycle while pure PANI showed only 67% capacitance retention for the same number of cycles.
Fabrication of Supercapacitor Based on Graphene and Polyaniline for Energy Storage Applications
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, 2015
In this paper, a proposed supercapacitorwas fabricated using an electrode of graphene layer covered with polyaniline layer. Uniform polyaniline layer was deposited using spraying technique. Characterizations were performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The electrochemical measurements were assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and charge-discharge measurements. The results indicated that graphene/PANI double layers exhibited high porosity and large surface area. Polyaniline/graphenesupercapacitor had a specific capacitance as high as 915.78 F/g at scan rate of 5 mV/s in the scanning potential window from-0.8 to 0.8 V with 4 mg active material. The fabricated supercapacitor prototype has provided an energy density of 127.19 Wh/kg at potential difference of 1V using aqueous electrolyte of 6M potassium hydroxide. The effect of temperature on supercapacitor performance was investigated and it was found that the influence of temperature on specific capacitance was insignificant. It was observed that an improvement in the specific capacitance with about 1% in temperature range between 25 ˚C and 70 ˚C.
Plastics, Rubber and Composites, 2021
Novel polyaniline (Pani) and/or graphite (Gr)/molybdenum dioxide (MoO 2) composites have been successfully synthesised via an in situ chemical polymerisation method using a Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) as the electrolyte. The chemical structure and properties of the Pani composites were characterised using various analytical techniques such as Raman, FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopies, Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and conductivity measurements, confirming its semi-crystalline nature. The results show shifts in the Raman, XRD and FTIR spectral features associated with the Pani composites, indicating that a matrix of metal oxide and/or graphite had formed in the polymer. Higher electrical conductivity was observed for the Pani/Gr (5.58 S cm −1) and Pani/Gr/MoO 2 (9.87 S cm −1) composites compared to pure Pani (1.25 S cm −1). The homogenous growth of Pani chains on the graphite and MoO 2 network were clearly observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-ray (EDAX). A larger surface area and greater porosity were achieved in the Pani/MoO 2 , Pani/Gr/MoO 2 and Pani/Gr samples, while a more compact structure was obtained for the Pani sample. These findings support that the idea that the polymer/graphite composites would be more useful for electrochemical charge transport, supercapacitance and energy storage applications compared to those using the pure polymer alone.
Electro-codeposition of V 2 O 5 -polyaniline composite on Ni foam as an electrode for supercapacitor
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics , 2020
To fulfill the increasing energy demand, it is necessary to develop such an electrode material for pseudocapacitors having a high energy density, better cycle life, and potential for commercialization. Herein, we report an electrocodeposition technique to fabricate a high-performance V 2 O 5-PANi composite deposited on the metallic Nickel foam substrate as an electrode for pseudocapacitors. Ni foam serves as a porous and conductive framework and therefore shortens the ions diffusion pathway. Composite shows good performance than pure V 2 O 5 and PANi due to their synergistic effect. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis have confirmed the successful incorporation of metal oxide into the polymer backbone. Moreover, V 2 O 5-PANi composite exhibited a very wide voltage window of 2.5V (between-1 and 1.5V vs. SCE), the highest specific capacitance of 1115 F/g, and less charge transfer resistance. The ability to prepare composite electrodes with high performance via a binder-free electro-codeposition technique could open up new prospects for high energy density pseudocapacitors.
Carbon, 2017
Vertically aligned Carbon Nanotube (CNT) arrays are synthesized directly on CNT sheets used as substrates by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) in NH 3 plasma environment. The resulting 3-D nanostructured, N-doped CNT (NCNT) architecture combines high conductivity and superior mechanical properties of CNT sheets with porous structure and high electrochemical activity of CNT arrays. NCNT sheets are then used as scaffolds for polyaniline (PANI) deposited by electrodeposition. PANI coating thickness is optimized to create a core-shell morphology with PANI shell supported by CNT core. Freestanding and flexible PANI/NCNT electrodes are fabricated without using any metal supports/foil or binders with the CNT sheets serving as current collectors. PANI/NCNT electrodes with 56 wt.% polymer content demonstrate a gravimetric capacitance of 359 F/g at a current density of 1.56 mA/cm 2. The electrode also shows high rate capabilities and retains 82% of original capacitance after current density is increased 30-fold to 46.87 mA/cm 2. PANI/NCNT electrodes are used to assemble a symmetric supercapacitor device with PVA/H 2 SO 4 hydrogel as separator and electrolyte. The flexible PANI/NCNT supercapacitor showed a specific capacitance of 128 F/g at 2.47 A/g current density and retained over 92% of initial capacitance after 10000 cycles of charge-discharge at 24.7 A/g current density.
Electrochemical performance of Polyaniline based symmetrical energy storage device
Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 2020
Nowadays, the flexibility of energy devices acquired more attention due to various portable electronic devices. Here we report a rapid, facile and cost-effective route to synthesize binder-free Polyaniline (PANI) electrode via a simple potentiostatic method to fabricate stable supercapacitor (SCs). The deposition time was varied to optimize the properties and performance of SCs. The formation of PANI thin films confirmed by XRD, FTIR and Raman analysis. The resulting binder-free PANI electrode exhibits porous nanofibers morphology, which provides a high specific surface area confirmed by BET measurement and high specific capacitance (C s). Benefited from the porosity and high specific surface area of PANI electrodes, maximum C s observed 473 F/g at 5 mV/s scan rate and 76% cyclic retention showed after the 2000 th cycles. Furthermore, the resulting symmetric PANI energy storage device exploits 161 F/g C s at a 5 mV/s scan rate with 47% cyclic retention after the 2000 th cycles.
Materials Letters, 2006
Polyaniline nanowires were electrochemically deposited on stainless steel electrode at the potential of 0.75 V vs. SCE and characterized by cyclic voltammetry in 1 M H 2 SO 4 electrolyte for supercapacitive properties. A high specific capacitance of 775 F g − 1 was obtained at the sweep rate of 10 mV s − 1 . A long-term cyclic stability of the polyaniline nanowires demonstrated its implications for the high performance supercapacitors.