Treatment of mental disorders and the course of COVID-19 (original) (raw)
Related papers
Global Journal of Clinical Virology, 2021
Purpose: This research investigates the psychological implications arising from COVID-19-related pathological conditions and the possible relationship with previous pandemics. Methods: The selected population sample was 765 total Italian Covid positive symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, divided into the two categories (308 symptomatic and 457 asymptomatic) and by age groups. In order to investigate these elements, an information questionnaire was specifically drawn up concerning the state of health and the period of the illness, in addition to the personal and family history and the specific indicators identified for this research. Results: The fi rst level concerns the psychological implication during and after the viral infection, whereby: a) symptomatic individuals with a previous psychological diagnosis (127 patients) reported medium-high values of malaise in all three areas of investigation for 51.02% (65 patients), with the high value of malaise for 48.98% (62 patients) and a consequent worsening of the previous psychopathological condition, especially for those who declared to suffer from mood, anxiety, obsessive and somatic disorders, persisting even until the sixth month after recovery; b) symptomatic individuals without a previous psychological diagnosis (330 patients) reported medium to high levels of malaise in all three surveyed areas for 72.30% (241 patients), with the highest level of malaise for 27.70% (89 patients) with symptoms typical of mood, anxiety, obsessive and somatic disorders, which persisted even until the sixth month after recovery; c) the asymptomatic patients with a previous psychological diagnosis (87 patients) reported medium-high levels of malaise in all three surveyed areas for 71.25% (62 patients), with the highest level of malaise for 28.75% (25 patients) and a consequent worsening of the previous psychopathological condition, especially for those who declared to suffer from mood, anxiety, obsessive and somatic disorders, lasting up to the sixth month after recovery; d) the asymptomatic patients without a previous psychological diagnosis (221 patients) reported medium-high values of malaise in all three areas of investigation for 90.55% (200 patients), with the highest value of malaise for 9.45% (21 patients) with symptoms typical of mood, anxiety, obsessive and somatic disorders, lasting even until the sixth month after recovery. The second level concerns the immunobiological implication, starting from the question "did your (biological) parents or grandparents contract one of the listed pandemics influences?": 80.34% (618 patients) confirmed the positive answer to the question, while the remaining 16.12% (124 patients) answered "don't know" and 3.54% (23 patients) answered "no". Conclusions: Despite the limitations of this research, the data obtained make us reflect both on the hypothesis of increasing psychological support for these patients, in order to cope better with their condition, and on the immunobiological hypothesis as described above, wishing for greater attention in the future on these profiles, which are currently underestimated and overshadowed by economic and political interests on the commodification of vaccines by pharmaceutical companies.
COVID-19: Review of a 21st Century Pandemic from Etiology to Neuro-psychiatric Implications
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
COVID-19 is a severe infectious disease that has claimed >150,000 lives and infected millions in the United States thus far, especially the elderly population. Emerging evidence has shown the virus to cause hemorrhagic and immunologic responses, which impact all organs, including lungs, kidneys, and the brain, as well as extremities. SARS-CoV-2 also affects patients’, families’, and society’s mental health at large. There is growing evidence of re-infection in some patients. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of SARS-CoV-2-induced disease, its mechanism of infection, diagnostics, therapeutics, and treatment strategies, while also focusing on less attended aspects by previous studies, including nutritional support, psychological, and rehabilitation of the pandemic and its management. We performed a systematic review of >1,000 articles and included 425 references from online databases, including, PubMed, Google Scholar, and California Baptist University’...
Investigation of Post-COVID-19 Patients' Chronic Symptoms and Clinical Findings
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, 2022
Background: The objective of this study was to assess whether multiple relevant symptoms recover following the onset of symptoms in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19. Material and Method: In this study, the data of 14 patients who applied to Ankara Polatlı Duatepe State Hospital between May 01, 2020, and May 05, 2021, were confirmed COVID-19 and were hospitalized in the COVID-19 service for 5 to 20 days, and the data of COVID-19 patients 86 stayed at home were analyzed. 79 female and 21 male patients and mean age was 48.65±14.926 (20-82) years were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory records of the patients were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Of those who had the disease, 42 were mild, 33 were moderate, 14 were severe, and 11 were extremely severe. Of the post-COVID-19 patients who had the disease, 14 had therapy in the hospital and 86 patients had therapy at home. Symptoms seen in post-COVID-19 patients were muscle pain, cough, shortness of breath, loss of taste and smell, fever, nausea, hoarseness, and hair loss, and their frequencies were 70, 60, 51, 51, 49, 46, 40, and 31, respectively. While 34% had one or two symptoms and 56% had three or more. Conclusion: In hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19, multiple symptoms are present, about 5 days after symptoms onset. These suggest the presence of a "post-COVID-19 syndrome", and highlight the unmet healthcare needs in a subgroup of patients with "mild" or "severe" COVID-19.
Clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcome of the mild and moderate COVID-19 infection
Journal of life sciences and biomedicine, 2020
The aim of this study was to present our personal experience on the basis of the results of the treatment of patients with COVID-19 in our clinic. Clinical results of COVID-19 patients treated and observed by authors at the AMU Surgical Hospital were investigated. Patients' demographics, the severity of infection, co-morbidities, clinical signs, viral examination, lung X-ray and CT, complications, treatments and their results were analyzed. Diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 were carried out under the recommendations of TABIB and WHO. Antiviral Arbidol (Umifenovir) and Vitamin C were mainly used for the treatment of patients of the mild group (stable vital functions, normal saturation, no pneumonia). Arbidol, vitamin C, inhalation, prone position and antibiotics were used in the middle group (with symptoms of pneumonia, and not need oxygen therapy). Treatment was carried out for 11-14 days. Clinically improved patients with positive dynamics on X-ray and negative results on repeated PCR examinations were discharged from the hospital and sent for the supervision of an outpatient doctor. A total of 77 patients were under our supervision, of which 58 had mild and 19 had moderate COVID-19 infection. Of these patients, 57 were women and 20 were men, with an average age of 47.5 (18-84). Patients over 50 years of age accounted for 45.4%, and over 60 years of age for 15.5%. The average age was 45.6 % among mild patients and 53.8% among the moderate patients. The proportion of men in the moderate group increased in comparison with the mild group (from 19% to 47.4%). Concomitant diseases were found in 34 (44.2%) patients, asthma, pregnancy, epilepsy, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, coronary heart disease, coronary stent, psychiatric illness, chronic kidney failure, bed sickness were observed besides smoking (11.7%), hypertension (9.1%) and diabetes (6.5%). In the moderate group, concomitant diseases were observed more in comparison with the mild group (39.7% and 57.9%). The most common clinical presentations were loss of smell and taste (67.5%) which were followed by cough (57.1%), fever (42.8%), shortness of breath and difficulty swallowing (24.6%). Mortality was not observed, complications were observed in 5 patients (6.5%), and all of these patients had concomitant diseases. Analysis of patients with mild and moderate COVID-19 infection allows us to come to the following primary conclusions: weakness, loss of smell and taste, and cough are the most common presenting symptoms; age over 60 years, age, diabetes, hypertension, smoking and chronic liver disease are aggravating risk factors; inhalation and prone position seem to be useful in moderate patients.
Clinical characteristics among patients with COVID‑19: A single‑center retrospective study
Biomedical Reports
The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical features and laboratory parameters of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and assess the characteristics between severe and non-severe cases. The study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 1,096 patients, of which, 626 (57.11%) and 470 (42.89%) were categorized into severe and non-severe groups, respectively. Clinical parameters such as signs and symptoms, comorbidities, levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and lactate dehydrogenase were analyzed. The data are presented as frequencies, means and standard deviations. The chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess any significant differences between the severe and non-severe COVID-19 groups. The clinical symptoms in severe COVID-19 cases included anosmia (P≤0.01), sore throat (P≤0.01), fatigue (P≤0.01), headache (P≤0.01), and shortness of breath (P≤0.01). Laboratory findings showed a significant increase in CRP (21.90±40.23 vs. 16.13±21.82; P≤0.01) and IL-6 levels (58.92±55.07 vs. 41.41±38.30; P≤0.01). Patients with severe COVID-19 had significant lymphopenia compared with that in non-severe cases. Among the comorbidities, hypertension (P≤0.01) was significantly more frequent in patients with severe COVID-19. In conclusion, major derangements in laboratory parameters were observed in patients with severe COVID-19 infection.
Criteria and potential predictors of severity in patients with COVID-19
The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology, 2022
Background The challenge in treating severe COVID-19 in the absence of targeted medication is enforcing physicians to search carefully for clinical predictors of severity. Aim To define the profile of patients at risk of severe COVID-19 and to assess for certain predictors. Methods Confirmed COVID-19 cases were classified into the following: group A: mild/moderate cases and group B: severe/critical cases according to the selected criteria. History, radiological assessment, complete blood count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myocardial enzymes, serum ferritin, and D dimer were assessed. Patients were followed for the need of ICU and mechanical ventilation. Duration till conversion, length of stay, and mortality were recorded. Results A total of 202 patients were analyzed. Group B had higher age (53.2 ± 12.6 vs 40.3 ± 10.3, P < 0.001), more prevalence of DM (60.61% vs 16.57% P < 0.001), hypertension (51.52% vs 20.12%, P < 0.001), ischemic heart (27.27% vs 3.55%, P < 0.001),...
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020
Background COVID-19 is a new disease which has become a global pandemic, and is caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The disease is still not very well characterized, and factors associated with severe clinical course are not well known. Methods The main objectives were to determine the demographic, clinical and laboratory manifestations of COVID-19 and to identify the factors associated with severe clinical course. We searched the PubMed for studies published between Jan 1, 2020 and Mar 17, 2020, and included them if they were in English language, published in full, were retrospective or prospective observational or case control study with data on clinical, laboratory and imaging features of adult patients with COVID-19 disease from single or multiple centers. Studies that included exclusively pediatric patients were excluded. The demographic, clinical and laboratory data was displayed as n (%) or mean (SD). The meta-analysis on factors associated with severe clinical course was performed using the random effects model, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as the effect sizes. Findings We included 58 studies (6892 patients) for the systematic review on clinical manifestations and 21 studies (3496 patients) for meta-analysis on factors associated with severe clinical course. The mean age of patients with COVID-19 is 49.7±16.3 years with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Common symptoms and their frequency are: fever (83.4%), cough (60.5%), fatigue (33.8%), sputum (28.9%), dyspnea (22.1%), myalgia (20.6%), chest tightness / pain (16.3%), sore throat (13.5%), headache (11.2%), diarhhea (7.5%), nasal congestion / rhinorrhea (6.7%), nausea / vomiting (5.6%), pain abdomen (4.6%), and hemoptysis (1.7%). The comorbidities associated with COVID-19 are: hypertension (18.4%), diabetes mellitus (9.8%), cardiovascular Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3566166 SUMMARY Background: COVID-19 is a new disease which has become a global pandemic, and is caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The disease is still not very well characterized, and factors associated with severe clinical course are not well known. Methods: The main objectives were to determine the demographic, clinical and laboratory manifestations of COVID-19 and to identify the factors associated with severe clinical course. We searched the PubMed for studies published between Jan 1, 2020 and Mar 17, 2020, and included them if they were in English language, published in full, were retrospective or prospective observational or case control study with data on clinical, laboratory and imaging features of adult patients with COVID-19 disease from single or multiple centers. Studies that included exclusively pediatric patients were excluded. The demographic, clinical and laboratory data was displayed as n (%) or mean (SD). The meta-analysis on factors associated with severe clinical course was performed using the random effects model, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as the effect sizes. Findings: We included 58 studies (6892 patients) for the systematic review on clinical manifestations and 21 studies (3496 patients) for meta-analysis on factors associated with severe clinical course. The mean age of patients with COVID-19 is 49.7±16.3 years with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Common symptoms and their frequency are: fever (83.4%), cough (60.5%), fatigue (33.8%), sputum (28.9%), dyspnea (22.1%), myalgia (20.6%), chest tightness / pain (16.3%), sore throat (13.5%), headache (11.2%), diarhhea (7.5%), nasal congestion / rhinorrhea (6.7%), nausea / vomiting (5.6%), pain abdomen (4.6%), and hemoptysis (1.7%). The comorbidities associated with COVID-19 are: hypertension (18.4%), diabetes mellitus (9.8%), cardiovascular diseases (8.8%), endocrine diseases (5.8%), gastrointestinal diseases (5%), CLD (3%), and COPD (2.8%). Among the laboratory parameters WBC was low in 27%, high in 9%, platelets were low in 22.9%, creatinine was high in 6.5%, AST was high in 25.3%, ALT was high in 22.7%, bilirubin was high in 8.8%, albumin was low 60.1%, CT chest was abnormal in 89%, CRP was high in 67.5%, LDH was high in 52%, D-dimer was high in 34.8%, CK was high in 14.4%, and procalcitonin was high in 15.4%. Factors significantly associated severe clinical course (with their ORs) are as follows: High CRP (5.78), high procalcitonin (5.45), age >60 (4.82), dyspnea (4.66), high LDH (4.59), COPD (4.37), low albumin (4.34), high D-dimer (4.03), cardiac disease (3.88), low lymphocyte count (3.22), any associated comorbidity (3.16), diabetes mellitus (3.11), high WBC count (2.67), high bilirubin level (2.55), high creatinine (2.34), high AST (2.31), hypertension (2.30), low platelets (1.78), High ALT (1.69), high CK (1.66), fever spikes ≥39°C (1.59), diarrhea (1.55), male gender (1.47), and sputum (1.35).
Journal of Clinical Medicine
A substantial proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors continue to suffer from long-COVID-19 (LC) symptoms. Our study aimed to determine the risk factors for LC by using a patient population from Northern Cyprus. Subjects who were diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in our university hospital were invited and asked to fill in an online questionnaire. Data from 296 survivors who had recovered from COVID-19 infection at least 28 days prior the study was used in the statistical analysis. For determination of risk factors for “ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 (OSC)” and “Post-COVID-19 (PSC)” syndromes, the patient population was further divided into group 1 (Gr1) and group 2 (Gr2), that included survivors who were diagnosed with COVID-19 within 4-12 weeks and at least three months prior the study, respectively. The number of people with post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection was 266 (89.9%). B.1.617.2 (Delta) (41.9%) was the most commo...
BackgroundThe number of long-COVID is rising but it is not still clear which patients will develop long-covid and what will be the symptoms if they do.We followed up 95 patientswith confirmed COVID-19 after 9 months of the original study to delineate possible long COVID symptoms.MethodsThe original study included 201 patients who were treated in a large referral center from March to May 2020. Ninty percent of the patients reported physical or psychological symptoms within 9 months post-COVID.FindingsEasy fatigability was the most common 51.04 % long-COVID symptoms followed by anxiety 38.54 %, dyspnea 38.54 %, and new headache 38.54%. There was no association between COVID-19 severity in the acute phase (admission status) and the number of long-COVID symptoms (F(1, 93) = 0.75, p = 0.45 (n.s.)), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) (F(1,93) = -0.49, p = 0.62 (n.s.), MOCA scores (F(1, 90) = 0.073, p = 0.787 (n.s.)) in the future. Being female (F(1, 92) = -2.27, p = 0.02), having a higher num...
Therapeutic Challeng es of COVID-19 in a Patient Admitted to the Psychosomatic Ward: A Case Report
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2021
Introduction: Early diagnosis of 2019-nCoV infection is of great importance and can be challenging in psychiatric patients, especially when a mental illness such as somatoform disorder causes one or more bodily symptoms because the clinical features of this group of patients may be more confusing compared with non-psychiatric patients. On the other hand, treating this infection in psychiatric patients faces some challenges. Case Presentation: A case of the 2019-nCoV infection is reported in a patient who was admitted to the psychosomatic ward with a diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder. The patient had a history of numerous unexplained physical complaints, usually complained of some new physical symptoms when informed of the time of his discharge. Although the possibility of misdiagnosis was high, based on examinations and some paraclinical evaluations, the patient underwent a simultaneous diagnosis of COVID-19. Unlike usual, he did not complain of any new physical complaints after...