Green Technology: Production of Biogas from Solid Wastage of Dhaka City (original) (raw)

Production of 1.2kg of Biogas per Day from the Designed and Constructed Mini Plant

IOSR Journals , 2019

Renewable energy sources are a vital area to look into in the quest for alternatives for fossil-based raw materials and energy. As such, a 14 litres capacity of a digester was designed and constructed and produced 1.2kg per batch of biogas from a mixture of pig dung and cow dung in a ratio of 60 : 40 respectively. The experiment was batch operated and the gas yield after 30 days of retention time was monitored. The digester was charged with the substrate and water forming slurry in a ratio of 1: 1.5 respectively. The mesophilic ambient temperature range attained within the testing period were 30-40 o C at retention time of 30days. The result obtained from the gas production shows that the use of pig and cow dung as a substrate for biogas production yield 1.2 kg and 0.81 kg of methane before and after scrubbing of the gas with was achieved by passing the gas through a solution of slake lime which absorbs a reasonable amount of the CO 2 from the gas. The mechanical design involved the operating volume, the total volume, the digester dimension, and the guide frame. The temperature is designed to operate within the mesophilic temperature range (20-40 0 C). The materials selection for the construction of the digester and piping are selected based on some factors which includes; the water/gas tightness, good tensile strength, ability to withstand high pressure of the biogas, rigid and non-corrosive.

Mini Biogas Plant using Kitchen Waste

International Journal for Advance Research and Development, 2017

A new Innovative technology allows for the production of renewable natural gas in the form of biomethane. In Dr. D Y Patil school of engineering and technology, there are two canteens, where a daily a large amount of kitchen waste is obtained, which we can utilize for production of biogas and that biogas can further use by the canteen authorities .there are two processes for production of kitchen waste that is aerobic and anaerobic. We require anaerobic digestion for biogas production. This project is to bring an organic processing facility to create biogas which will be cost effective and eco-friendly and the waste of production can be used as fertilizing and easy to use and reduce carbon dioxide production. Anaerobic is a microbial process for the production of biogas which consists of primary methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (co2).the continuously fed digester requires an addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to maintain the alkalinity and pH to7.the rate of production can be deter...

Design of biogas plant for domestic waste generated from veltech institutions

In our institute we have six hostels and all having their own individual mess, along with three mess in our college campus where daily a large amount of kitchen waste is obtained which can be utilized for better purposes. Biogas production requires anaerobic digestion. Project was to design a biogas plant for veltech institutions from the kitchen waste generated to produce biogas which will be more cost effective, eco-friendly, cut down on landfill waste, generate a high-quality renewable fuel, and reduce carbon dioxide & methane emissions. Overall by creating a biogas plant on campus in the backyard of our college mess will be beneficial. Survey was done to calculate the amount of kitchen (food waste) generated daily in different mess of veltech university as feedstock for our plant which works as anaerobic digester system to produce biogas energy. The anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste produces biogas, a valuable energy resource. Anaerobic digestion is a microbial process for production of biogas, which consist of primarily methane (CH4) & carbon dioxide (CO2). Biogas can be used as energy source and also for numerous purposes. But, any possible applications requires knowledge & information about the composition and quantity of constituents in the biogas produced. The continuously-fed digester requires addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to maintain the alkalinity and pH to 7.In this project we designed a fixed dome type biogas plant with digester volume of 80m3 for which kitchen waste collected will be used for biogas production. In our study, the production of biogas and methane is done from the starch-rich and sugary material present in the food waste.

A BIOGAS PRODUCTION UNIT FOR USE IN RURAL AREAS

—A biogas production unit was designed, fabricated and tested. It consists of a 168-litres anaerobic digester and a 38-litres gas storage tank connected together with 19 mm PVC pipes and locks. The digester and the separator tanks were fabricated from a high torsional strength 20 mm x 20 mm x 4 mm mild steel sheet supported by 60 mm x 60 mm x 4 mm angle iron welded together. Filler paste was applied to the two tanks for air tightness. The digester has a 900 mm shaft with blades attached that stirs the substrate. The machine is powered by a 0.75 kW electric motor connected to the side of the digester tank. A rubber seal was attached to the top of the stirrer to prevent the escape of gas from the tank. A pressure gauge and a gas connecting hose were attached for the measurement of the amount of gas produced, stored and released to the cooker respectively. Air and water tightness tests were carried out to avoid unnecessary leakage at any point. Plant and animal wastes were utilized as feedstock for the biogas plant. A 50 kg of blended water hyacinth and 100 litres of water were fed as feedstock in the digester. The result after 4 days retention was 0.178 bar. Further, a mixture of 70 kg pig dung, poultry droppings and cow dung and 50 litres of water were also fed as the feedstock to the digester for another 4 days retention period. The result obtained from the pressure gauge was 0.307 bar. The mixture of both waste (45 kg of animal dung, 45 kg of blended water hyacinth and 55 litres of water) was also tested and the result obtained was 0.619 bar. From the result of the test, it was concluded that the mixture of plant and animal waste is the best feedstock for the digester to attain optimum production of methane gas.

A SCHEME OF BIOGAS GENERATION PLANT AT VJTI MUMBAI CAMPUS

Generation of waste and its disposal has been observed as a challenging task particularly in big cities. Sanitary waste from buildings and storm water generally collected through sewerage system and disposed off through treatment plant. Collection, transportation and disposal of solid organic and inorganic waste by conventional methods are proving costly due to increase in solid waste and rising cost of transportation. On the other side, importance of conservation of available conventional energy and need to utilize non-conventional forms of energy is very essential for sustainable development point of view. With this background, an effort is taken to design a scheme for bio-gas generation plant at Virmata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI) , Matunga in Mumbai. The daily waste from hostel mess, garbage in the form of organic waste from the campus and surrounding areas, seems to be sufficient for generation of bio-gas. The survey for the feasibility of the scheme was carried out. The paper presents data of organic waste from the campus, design of biogas plant, use of biogas to save energy and natural gas, utilization of by-product as manure and other form and possible area of research to improve the efficiency of the plant. The biogas plant will help for sustainable development of the VJTI campus by saving energy up to certain extent while maintaining hygienic condition with proper disposal of organic waste.

Investigation of biogas as renewable energy source

2013

The world's growing energy consumption and limited fossil energy resources and the environmental impact of these materials on the one hand, the increase Tend to use renewable energy sources such as bio-gas energy in the world. Biogas by bacteria that cause decay, rot and break down organic materials in anaerobic conditions can be produced. Best places for optimal utilization of biogas in rural areas can be cited. Biogas contains about 70 percent methane gas extracted from the device and 30 percent carbon dioxide and contain small amounts of hydrogen sulfide and water vapor. In addition to fuel rural biogas recovery, biogas system with a by product of the fertilizer is rich. Compared with normal manure fermented manure ammonia and phosphorus by 120 percent to 150 percent increased efficacious resistant parasite Ascaris worms or intestinal worms that after 180 days of staying alive, staying instrument biogas power is reduced to 20%. Chinese model biogas system has the best conditi...

BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL FROM MUNICIPALORGANIC WASTES IN DHAKA CITY, BANGLADESH

This study aimed at assessing the biogas production potential from municipal organic wastes and conversion of biogas to electric energy for Dhaka, Bangladesh. The generation of solid waste and demand for energy is increasing simultaneously in Dhaka city due to the rapid growth of population and industrialization. As a source of renewable energy using of municipal organic waste should be encouraged to save the environment from harmful GHG as well as to minimize the energy deficiency. Among the various biogas production technologies, anaerobic digestion is one of the promising and environmental friendly technology for treating organic waste. In Dhaka city, there are huge potential to produce biogas from municipal waste because the volume of solid waste of this city is 4000-5000 ton/day with composition of ¾ percentage organic waste. Bio-waste (food waste) was used as feedstock for anaerobic digestion process. Two inoculums-sewage sludge and digested maize silage were used with organic waste. About 0.57 m 3 /kg ODM of biogas and 0.22 m 3 /kg ODM methane was produce from the anaerobic digestion (AD) of a mixture of bio waste and digested maize silage. Consequently, 0.094 m 3 /kg ODM of biogas and 0.043 m 3 /kg ODM methane was generated from the fermentation of bio waste with sewage sludge. Biogas-to-electricity potential was found to be 83.66 MW based on the lower value of 0.094 m 3 /kg ODM volume biogas produced, which accounts for about 3.8% of the present demand of Dhaka city.

Analysis on Different Operational Parameters of a Biogas Plant using Kitchen waste

The objective of this work is to create biogas which will be more cost effective, eco-friendly, cut down on landfill waste, generate a high-quality renewable fuel, and reduce carbon dioxide & methane emissions. Overall by creating biogas reactors on campus in the backyard of our hostels will be beneficial. Kitchen (food waste) was collected from different sources as feedstock for our reactor which works as anaerobic digester system to produce biogas energy. The anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste produces biogas, a valuable energy resource anaerobic digestion is a microbial process for production of biogas, which consist of primarily methane (CH 4 ) & carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Biogas can be used as energy source and also for numerous purposes. But, any possible applications require knowledge & information about the composition and quantity of constituents in the biogas produced. The continuously-fed digester requires addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to maintain the alkalinity and pH to 7. For this reactor we have prepared our Inoculum than we installed batch reactors, to which inoculum of previous cow dung slurry along with the kitchen waste was added to develop our own inoculum. A combination of these mixed inoculum was used for biogas production at 37°C in laboratory(small scale) reactor (20L capacity) In our study, the production of biogas and methane is done from the starch-rich and sugary material and is determined at laboratory scale using the simple digesters.