Prevalence and risk factors of schistosomiasis among primary school children in four selected regions of The Gambia (original) (raw)
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Research Square (Research Square), 2019
Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence, infection intensity and associated risk factors of intestinal schistosomiasis among primary school children in Lira district, Uganda. The study was conducted among 532 primary school pupils aged 6-16 years from eight randomly selected primary schools (March-May 2017). Stool samples were collected and examined for schistosomiasis using Odongo-Aginya method. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors were obtained using questionnaires. Results: The overall prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni was 35.7% indicating a moderate infection. Both males and females were equally affected with S. mansoni. Ogur sub county had highest prevalence (42.1%) than others. Akangi and Akano primary schools both had highest (21.1%) prevalence compared to the others. Individuals aged 14-16 and 10-14 years had heavy infections (mean epg) of 600 and 565 eggs, respectively than those aged 6-9 years. With regard to risk factors, source of drinking water, sub-county location and primary school were associated with infection. Participants who fetch water from spring (85,44.7%) had higher infection than those who fetch from other sources. The study recommends provision of safe water, periodic treatment of schoolaged children with praziquantel and public health education to reduce prevalence of S. mansoni .
2019
Schistosomiasis is a public health problem in Senegal with unevenly distributed prevalence. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni infections among primary school children in eight districts of Senegal. A cross-sectional survey including school children aged from 7 to 13 years were included and was conducted in 3 ecological areas. Urine and stool samples were collected from for detection of S. mansoni and S. haematobium using Kato-Katz method and urine filtration, respectively. One thousand one hundred and thirty-three (1133) children were enrolled with 51.73% of girls. Among them, 1123 provided urine and stool samples. The overall prevalence of S. haematobium infection was 25 and 74% of the children presented low infection intensity (1-49 eggs/10 ml). Ecological area 2 (Kaffrine region) was more affected with 32%, whereas paradoxically ecological area 3 (Kolda and Ziguinchor) where transmission is perm...
Schistosomiasis and Associated Risk Factors Among School-Aged Children in Northern Nigeria
International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health
Background: The Jigawa State Ministry of Health in Northern Nigeria undertook a pilot intervention without a follow-up to control schistosomiasis through preventive chemotherapy by ensuring that each child swallows praziquantel from 2009 to 2013 in five primary schools in Dutse metropolis. Previously, the overall prevalence for urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis determined using Sedimentation and Kato Katz methods was 22.9%. Methods: A cross sectional study involving 150 randomly selected pupils, aged 6 - 15 years old was conducted using sedimentation and Kato-Katz methods to determine the prevalence of urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis respectively in three schools in July, 2018. Information on demographic and associated risk factors was collected using a structured questionnaire and the data generated was analyzed using SPSS statistics version 18.0. Results: The overall prevalence was 10% with S. haematobium 8%, S. mansoni 2.67% and co-infection 0.67%. Males had higher pr...
Prevalence of urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis among school children in South-west Nigeria
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2021
Background The risk of co-infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni and the potential harmful effect on morbidity and control is enhanced by the overlapping distribution of both species in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the reported high endemicity of both species in Nigeria, studies on the spread and effect of their mixed infection are limited. Therefore, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among school children in two communities in South-west Nigeria to investigate the prevalence of mixed human schistosome infection, intensity, and possible ectopic egg elimination. Methods Urine and stool samples were collected from consenting school children in Ilie and Ore communities of Osun State, Nigeria. Schistosoma haematobium eggs were detected in urine using the urine filtration technique, while S. mansoni eggs were detected in stool using the Kato–Katz thick smear technique. Results The study enrolled 466 primary and secondary school children (211; 45.3% males vs. 255; 54.7%...
Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2013
Introduction: Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases and an important public health problem in many developing countries including Ethiopia. The study was aimed at assessing prevalence of schistosomiasis and associated factors among students attending at elementary schools in Amibera District, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional school based study was carried out on sample of 840 students. First, all elementary schools around Amibera District were grouped in to strata based on their distance from the irrigation site as "Near" or "Far". Then two schools were selected by simple random sampling method from each stratum. Finally, proportional allocation of the sample size was done according to the number of students in each stratum. From each grade level students were selected by simple random sampling techniques. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio demographic characteristics, water contact habit and toilet utilization. Stool and urine examination were done to determine prevalence. The analysis was carried out using SPSS version 16.0. Result and Conclusions: The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis in this study was 8.2%; among this Schisosoma haematobium was 7.4% and Schisosoma mansoni was 0.8%. Education level (pvalue = 0.047, OR = 1.834), swimming habit (pvalue = 0.0001, OR = 4.979) and source of water for domestic consumption (p-value = 0.0001, OR = 0.334) had shown significant association with the occurrence of S. haematobium infection. Conclusion and recommendations: The prevalence of schistosomiasis was not what to be neglected. It was significantly associated with educational level, swimming habit of children and source of water for domestic consumption. Therefore, provision of safe water supply and health education at school level was recommended.
Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2020
Background Human schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases caused by Schistosoma mansoni. Children in the developing countries live in areas with poor sanitation and most often spend time swimming or bathing in the water bodies contaminated with cercariae, the infective stages of schistosomiasis, which results in growth retardation and poor school performance. Thus, having effective control of the disease requires assessment of prevalence and risk factors. Objective This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of S. mansoni and its associated factors among primary schoolchildren in Wondo district, West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out between January and March 2018. Stool samples from 298 schoolchildren, who were selected by simple random sampling, were examined for the ova of S. mansoni using Kato–Katz technique. Information on sociodemographic factors and other risk factors was obtained using questionnaires. The data were cleaned, coded, and entered into SPSS 22.0 statistical software and analyzed. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with S. mansoni infection. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated, and the level of significance was declared at p values of less than 0.05. The result was presented using tables, figures, and text form. Result A total of 298 study participants were involved in this study resulting in a response rate of 96.4% (298/309). The prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 11.4% (34/298). The prevalence was 8% (12/140) among males while it was 13% (22/158) among females. Swimming in rivers or ponds (AOR: 9.592; 95% CI: 1.972–46.655; P=0.005), latrine availability at household level (AOR: 0.075; 95% CI: 0.13–0.422; P=0.003), and awareness about schistosomiasis (AOR: 0.058; 95% CI: 0.004–0.409; P=0.007) were the factors independently associated with S. mansoni infection at p value < 0.05. Conclusion The prevalence of S. mansoni was moderate as per the World Health Organization standard, since it was in the range of 10%–50%. This implies that schistosomiasis is still among major health problems. Thus, intensified effort is needed to address risk factors contributing to infection and control disease. Additionally, biannual mass drug administration with praziquantel is required according to the WHO standard.
Annual research & review in biology, 2019
The study was carried out to determine the prevalence rate of the schistosomiasis in school-aged children of 4 selected primary schools in Ijoun community of Yewa North Local Government Area in Ogun State and to evaluate the distribution of infection in terms of age and gender. A total number of 184 Urine samples were collected from the pupils and examined for the presence of over of Schistosoma haematobium, 89 0f the student were positive, Yewa North local Government School 1 had the highest prevalence with 58.82%, followed by Yewa North local Government School 2 with 50.0%, followed by Ansarudeen Primary School with 48%, and Yewa North local Government School 3 recorded the least with 40.0%. Out of 100 sample collected for male 49 were positive with the rate of 49.0% and 84 samples collected for female 40 were positive with the rate of 47.61%. The prevalence of schistosomiasis in relation to age groups. Age group 10-12 years recorded the highest prevalence with 54.21% followed by age 7-9 with 52.38%, followed by age 13-15 with
Journal of Zoological Research, 2022
Urinary schistosomiasis is endemic in Nigeria and continues to pose serious public health challenge. This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors that enhance the transmission of urinary schistosomiasis infection among schoolaged children of four selected schools in Lafia Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria between December 2015 and April 2016. Four primary schools were randomly selected using simple random sampling. Urine samples were collected from two hundred (200) school-aged children and examined for Schistosoma haematobium. Out of the 200 pupils examined, 99 and 101 pupils respectively were males and females. The samples were analyzed in the Zoology Laboratory of Federal University of Lafia using Urino-Combi-11 reagent test strip to determine presence of blood in urine (hematuria) and centrifugation technique to determine presence of S. haematobium eggs in urine. Questionnaires were also administered to the pupils in selected schools to access their knowledge, attitude and practice in relation to schistosomiasis. Of the 200 school-aged children screened, 20% (40) were infected with schistosomiasis having an overall geometric mean intensity of 1.05625 eggs/10ml of urine. The prevalence of S. haematobium infection across the schools was predominant among St. James Primary School pupils 24.0% (12) followed by those in L.G.E.A Primary School Mararraba-Akunza 20.0% (10) while it was least in Ta'al Model School and Lafia East Local Government Schools with 18.0% (9) each. Also, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in prevalence rate of S. haematobium as well as geometric mean intensity in relation to age groups. About 96% of the school-aged children were exposed to water bodies to either play, bath or wash clothes. Hence, it is important to intensify awareness on the danger posed by exposure to this debilitating disease whenever individuals come in contact with water bodies that might be contaminated with schistosome parasites. Also, there is an urgent need for schistosomiasis vector control in order to effectively curb continual transmission in Lafia metropolis of Nasarawa State.
2020
Aims: The study aimed to assess an update of the burden of schistosomiasis among primary school children. Study Design: The study was a school-based cross-sectional study carried out among children aged between 4 to 15 years old. Place and Duration of Study: The study took place in Njombé, Littoral Region, Cameroon from March to April 2017. Methodology: Urine and stool samples were collected were collected from 412 school-aged children and examined using the urine filtration method and the Kato-Katz technique respectively. A questionnaire was administered to assess their water related activities. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 2.0. Logistic regression and odds ratio was used to measure association and strength between variables respectively. P-value < .05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 9.7%, with 7,8% and 1,9% of school children infected with S. mansoni and S. haematobium, respectively and 0.7% co-infection with both species. The intensities of S. haematobium and S. mansoni infection were 2.1 eggs per 10 mL of urine, 94 eggs per gram of stool respectively. The multiple regression analysis revealed that itching after bathing in backwater (Odds ratio (OR)= 2.427, confidence interval (CI): 1.080-5454, P=.03). And school children attending EPB Alpha (OR= 2.024), CI: 1.203-4.804, P=.011). were predictors of schistosomiasis infection. However, significant association was found between schistosomiasis and playing in the stream and the presence of the river and back water in the vicinity of schools. Conclusion: There was a drastic decline in the prevalence of schistosomiasis infection in school children in Njombé compared to previous reports. The decrease is attributed to the biannual deworming campaign by the Public Health Authorities.