The Global Polio Eradication Initiative—polio eradication cannot be the only goal (original) (raw)
Related papers
So close: remaining challenges to eradicating polio
BMC Medicine, 2016
The Global Polio Eradication Initiative, launched in 1988, is close to achieving its goal. In 2015, reported cases of wild poliovirus were limited to just two countries-Afghanistan and Pakistan. Africa has been polio-free for more than 18 months. Remaining barriers to global eradication include insecurity in areas such as Northwest Pakistan and Eastern and Southern Afghanistan, where polio cases continue to be reported. Hostility to vaccination is either based on extreme ideologies, such as in Pakistan, vaccination fatigue by parents whose children have received more than 15 doses, and misunderstandings about the vaccine's safety and effectiveness such as in Ukraine. A further challenge is continued circulation of vaccine-derived poliovirus in populations with low immunity, with 28 cases reported in 2015 in countries as diverse as Madagascar, Ukraine, Laos, and Myanmar. This paper summarizes the current epidemiology of wild and vaccine-derived poliovirus, and describes the remaining challenges to eradication and innovative approaches being taken to overcome them.
The Global Polio Eradication Initiatives: From Past to Present
2012
The war against infections is one that has been remuneration all through the history of human. In this centuries-long effort the worldwide population has prepared remarkable advancement in stopping infections, therapeutic infections, and enlarging living expectancies. Up till now for all our successes, only once in history 30 years ago, with smallpox made completely eliminate an infection from the earth. Now a days we are on the entrance of eradicating the earth of polio an infection able of crippling and killing many children. The story of polio is both lengthy and hesitant. The arrival of efficient vaccines in the 1950s facilitated polio prevention, and the resultant struggles were victorious wildly, however confronts still continue (Plan, 2011).
Challenges faced by the global polio eradication initiative
Expert Review of Vaccines, 2010
Editorial Challenges faced by the global polio eradication initiative Expert Rev. Vaccines 9(5), 447-449 (2010) "Since 2004, the number of wild poliovirus cases confirmed per year has remained above 1000 and since 2006, the number of countries that have never interrupted transmission of poliovirus has remained unchanged at four…" For reprint orders, please contact reprints@expert-reviews.com Expert Review of Vaccines Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by 201.209.255.203 on 05/20/14
Perspective on Global Polio Eradication Initiative
Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2019
The subject of poliomyelitis cuts across several courses undertaken as part of the requirements for the PhD in Public Health program. It involves issues of public health, use of data in its implementation and monitoring, including education of communities and the population at large on the dangers of the disease and prevention. In 1988, the Forty-first World Health Assembly adopted a resolution for the worldwide eradication of polio. This resolution marked the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), a public-private partnership led by national governments with five partners – spearheaded by national governments, WHO, Rotary International, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), UNICEF, and later joined by additional key partners including the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. This followed the certification of the eradication of smallpox in 1980, progress during the 1980s towards elimination of the poliovirus in the Americas, and Rotary International’s commitment to raise funds to protect all children from the disease. The main goal of the GPEI is to eradicate polio worldwide using four strategies, namely: strong routine immunization coverage, conduct supplemental immunization activities (SIAs), conduct Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance and conduct mop up immunization campaigns wherever and whenever the cases are detected. Since the resolution to eradicate polio was adopted in 1988, the number of wild poliovirus cases have decreased by over 99%, There are 3 strains of wild poliovirus (type 1, type 2, and type 3). Wild poliovirus type 2 was eradicated in 1999 while wild poliovirus type 3 was declared eradicated in October 2019 during the celebration of the world polio day. This paper has been prepared to enhance the reader’s understanding of the disease of poliomyelitis. The paper will present an overview of poliomyelitis in relation to the following 1. Background to GPEI 2. Definition of Poliomyelitis, 3. Transmission and symptoms 4. Types of Polio 5. Prevention, 6. Complications 7. Challenges to polio eradication 8. Possibility of eradicating polio? 9. Progress made toward polio eradication 10. Measures to keep the world free of polio after certification of eradication, 11. Benefits of polio eradication 12. GPEI Monitoring Boards 13. Conclusion This paper is aimed at creating awareness of the disease to the larger community so as to promote understanding of the importance of eradicating it just as smallpox was eradicated several years ago.
Health Affairs, 2016
The world is closer than ever to achieving global polio eradication, with record-low polio cases in 2015 and the impending prospect of a polio-free Africa. Tens of millions of volunteers, social mobilizers, and health workers have participated in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. The program contributes to efforts to deliver other health benefits, including health systems strengthening. As the initiative nears completion after more than twenty-five years, it becomes critical to document and transition the knowledge, lessons learned, assets, and infrastructure accumulated by the initiative to address other health goals and priorities. The primary goals of this process, known as polio legacy transition planning, are both to protect a polio-free world and to ensure that investments in polio eradication will contribute to other health goals after polio is completely eradicated. The initiative is engaged in an extensive transition process of consultations and planning at the global, regional, and country levels. A successful completion of this process will result in a well-planned and-managed conclusion of the initiative that will secure the global public good gained by ending one of the world's most devastating diseases and ensure that these investments provide public health benefits for years to come.
Perspective on Polio Eradication - What is the Issue?
Perspective, 2019
Abstract: WHO proclaims polio a social and community health crisis. Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) was resolved to make world polio-free and had contributed significantly to eradicate polio from 1000 cases per day in 1988 to 8 per year in 2017 [1, 2]. However, this disease is still widespread in Afghanistan and Pakistan, due to number of problems, an important topics for debate, which poses great threat to the re-emergence of the deadly disease worldwide. Yet, these two countries potential risk should not be taken lightly, as in the seam of 2002 to 2005, reinvigoration and re- entry of polio occurred in 21 countries, with the increase in global migration of people [3]. Till August 13th 2018, 17 WPV1 cases have been reported (thirteen in Afghanistan and four in Pakistan), compared with 22 cases in endemic countries reported in 2017, and its transmission is still continue in Pakistan, as being isolating from the wastewater samples [4]. Therefore, Utmost suggestions are made to improve the status of polio from the remaining two countries as well, by approaching to it through new different strategies and ideas focusing current experiences and issues to eradicate polio as soon as possible.
Journal of Clinical Virology, 2006
The continued progress of the Polio Eradication Program has encountered a number of hurdles in the past 2 years as virus has spread from northern Nigeria across much of central Africa and into the Middle East and as far as Indonesia. India continues to be a source of virus exportation but to a much less degree. WHO is optimistic regarding elimination of circulating virus from all of these countries in 2006 with the exception of Nigeria. Newly recognized obstacles to the eradication are the circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV) and those originating from immune deficient patients (iVDPV). Data are presented on the numbers and locations of cases of paralytic polio in 2004 and 2005 as reported to the WHO in early 2006. Scenarios for the maintenance of freedom from polio when/if the final cases occur are considered.
Global polio eradication initiative: lessons learned and legacy
The Journal of infectious diseases, 2014
The world is on the verge of achieving global polio eradication. During >25 years of operations, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) has mobilized and trained millions of volunteers, social mobilizers, and health workers; accessed households untouched by other health initiatives; mapped and brought health interventions to chronically neglected and underserved communities; and established a standardized, real-time global surveillance and response capacity. It is important to document the lessons learned from polio eradication, especially because it is one of the largest ever global health initiatives. The health community has an obligation to ensure that these lessons and the knowledge generated are shared and contribute to real, sustained changes in our approach to global health. We have summarized what we believe are 10 leading lessons learned from the polio eradication initiative. We have the opportunity and obligation to build a better future by applying the lessons...
Achieving Polio Eradication: A Need for Innovative Strategies
Journal of Biophysical Chemistry
The objective of this study was to analyze the current strategies used for eradicating wild polio viruses (WPV) and to propose some innovative strategies that may help to accelerate the progress towards polio eradication. Methods: We assessed the current strategies proposed by the World Health Organization, and the effectiveness of the current trivalent oral polio vaccine types 1, 2 and 3 (tOPV) schedule. Results: With the current schedule, tOPV is given four times to the child during his first year of life. After the four doses, 27%, 10% and 30% of children vaccinated are not immunized against WPV types 1, 2 and 3 respectively. In addition, low access to health care, insufficient funding of the routine immunization activities, and weak health systems hamper the tOPV coverage and the early detection of WPV cases for a rapid outbreak response. All these issues could explain the recurrence of WPV outbreaks, even in countries free of polio for many years. Therefore, we propose for countries of non-polio free regions, a new routine polio vaccination schedule composed of four doses of tOPV, followed by three doses of monovalent OPV type 1, and lastly by three doses of bivalent OPV types 1 and 3. With this schedule, of children fully vaccinated, 100%, 90% and 99% will be immunized against WPV types 1, 2 and 3 respectively. In addition, adequate funding for routine immunization activities and health system strengthening are proposed to accelerate the achievement of the polio eradication goal in a near future. Conclusions: The polio eradication goal is achievable. However, innovative strategies are urgently needed to improve the effectiveness and the efficiency of the routine polio immunization program.