Assessing Rainwater Harvesting Potential in Urban Areas: A Building Information Modelling (BIM) Approach (original) (raw)
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Potential Rainwater Harvesting: An Adaptation Measure for Urban Areas in Jordan
This study investigated the potential of harvesting rainwater from the roofs of nonresidential buildings in populated urban areas in Amman, Jordan, using geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Amman has a mean annual rainfall of 378 mm, which makes rainwater harvesting viable and feasible. The rainfall data recorded at seven different weather stations were processed statistically to produce reliable averaging surface and isohyetal maps for rainfall over Amman. The GIS layer was generated for roofs and catchments to identify the suitable rainwater harvesting sites. Results show that the potential water collected by rainwater harvesting is five times less expensive than that collected via the conventional water supply system. The net total water savings by rainwater harvesting is 3.45 × 106 m3/year, and this could reduce the nonrevenue water and other losses by ~1%. Furthermore, rainwater harvesting has a potential positive environmental impact by reducing CO2 emissions by about 6.57 tons.
IRJET, 2020
The study is done for assessment of Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting (RRWH) for non potable uses in a humid urban catchment. In this study, an user response survey was conducted, with 390 sample size, in five types of building uses; Residential, Educational, Medical, Institutional and mixed use Commercial, with variable roof sizes and situated in four different zones of KMA, having wide variation in piped water supply. A database of 32 years of daily rainfall data has been analyzed , in order to find out demand for different end uses for various building, supply from roof runoff, demand supply ratio, priority of different socioeconomic factors for each type of building using AHP analysis, user's opinion on choice of end-use using regression analysis and finally developed a DSS model. Analysis also revealed that the highest acceptance of RRWH are in favor of the Medical uses building, the lowest being mix-Commercial building. Further factors like toilet flushing is found to be most potential end use options, followed by landscaping and cleaning. The regression model clearly show that the variables like ground condition, scale of development, degree of contact, storey's of building and water scarcity are key to decision making.
Determining rainwater harvesting potentials in municipalities by a semi-analytical method
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Due to increasing population, uncontrolled water consumption, and abnormal climatic conditions, the potential of usable water is running out. Water has become one of the most valuable resources for the countries; therefore, rainwater harvesting systems for water recovery gain importance to implement in buildings. Thus, authorities have begun to search for fast and accurate decision tools before taking any action. In the present study, a semi-analytical method for determining the rainwater harvesting potential of the given location is implemented in the Java programming language. Three major districts of Izmir, Turkey are chosen for the study site, namely Cigli, Bayrakli, and Karsiyaka. The result shows that implementing rainwater harvesting systems only in public buildings recovers less than 1% of the population's water needs. On the contrary, encouraging the free zones, which has large rooftop area such as airports and malls, for implementing and using rainwater increases the w...
Estimation of Water and Energy Saving by Rainwater Harvesting: Sulaimani City as a Case Study
Journal of Engineering
Rainwater harvesting could be a possible solution to decrease the consequences of water scarcity and energy deficiency in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). This study aims to calculate the water and energy (electricity) saved by rainwater harvesting for rooftops and green areas in Sulaimani city, KR, Iraq. Various data were acquired from different formal entities in Sulaimani city. Moreover, Google Earth and ArcMap 10.4 software were used for digitizing and calculating the total rooftop and green areas. The results showed that for the used runoff coefficients (0.8 and 0.95), the harvested rainwater volumes were 2901563 and 12197131 m³ during the study period (2005 – 2006) and (2019-2020). Moreover, by comparing the study area's rainwater harvesting volume and water production, the water-saving percentage was 8.21 to 22.68%. Furthermore, the energy-saving percentage recorded was from 7.70 to 22.5% by implementing rooftop rainwater harvesting. On the other hand, using a...
Research, 2024
The assessment of the rainwater harvesting (RWH) potential in Hosaena City from medium to large public buildings is the main objective of the study. ArcGIS with Google Earth Pro was used to calculate the rooftop area of the selected building, and RWH from each category of public buildings was evaluated by considering rooftop areas, monthly rainfall, and runoff coefficient. The result shows that the highest amount of rainwater was harvested from the City Administration building in August (197.1 m 3), whereas the lowest was collected from the Health Center building in December (1.8 m 3). Additionally, the contribution of RWH from individual public buildings for each month was evaluated, and its values ranged from 0.073 to 1.8%. The comparison shows that Wachemo University, Nigist Eleni Comprehensive Hospital, a technical and vocational institute, and teacher training center buildings, could have a significant potential for rainwater storage, ranging from 1.56 to 28.41%. This implies that, besides saving a noteworthy volume of potable water, the excess rainwater can be stored and utilized for the later dry months. As a result, it is recommended that rooftop RWH in Hosaena be the best source of the city's water supply system to reduce the current water supply shortage.
Urban Water Journal, 2021
Mounting water demand due to population growth and rapid urbanization, increasing water usage and associated water wastages make Lahore vulnerable in the context of changing climatic conditions. Lahore Development Authority (LDA), the principle planning agency in the city, introduced rainwater harvesting (RWH) system for residential buildings through clause 5.6.6 of building and zoning regulations 2014. This study explores the application of this regulation and documents associated dynamics. Findings established that a little proportion of residential buildings had constructed rooftop RWH system and yet these were not being used for its purpose. Chi-square and Cramer's V were used for understanding the factors that influenced behavior of the residents for adoption of RWH. Fittingly, the study discovered that factors that could affect peoples' willingness to adopt RWH in future were mechanism for incentives and penalties, peoples' understanding about potential benefits of RWH, and continuing regulatory requirement for RWH supported by adequate enforcement. ARTICLE HISTORY