Sidon and Tell el-Dab‘a – an Example of Levantine/Egyptian Commercial and Cultural Relations: A Step Towards the Understanding of the Hyksos Phenomenon (original) (raw)
2021, Harrassowitz Verlag eBooks
From the exchange of artefacts uncovered in Sidon and Tell el-Dab'a respectively, the close ties that existed between these two ancient centres of civilization are irrefutably well established. This paper sums up the range of contacts between the two cities which encompassed commercial ties, transmission of ideas, beliefs and concepts as well as examining how the spatial organisation of each city compared to the other. In Sidon during the Middle Bronze Age, the evolution between the MB IIA and the MB IIB manifested itself in the arrangement of human internments and the architecture surrounding them. Two main units, each with a different function, were encountered at Sidon: one for cultic purposes and the other for housing the dead. This type of arrangement, with a separate special area for the dead, was also found in Tell el-Dab'a where it was known as "Totenhäuser". A further link between the two was the fact that this practice ended in both cities during the same time period (Sidon str. 6, Tell el-Dab'a E/2-1.
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in: M. Bietak and S. Prell (eds.), The Enigma of the Hyksos Volume IV. Changing Clusters and Migration in the Near Eastern Bronze Age (CAENL 12), Wiesbaden, p. 223-242., 2021
From the exchange of artefacts uncovered in Sidon and Tell el-Dab‘a respectively, the close ties that existed between these two ancient centres of civilization are irrefutably well established. This paper sums up the range of contacts between the two cities which encompassed commercial ties, transmission of ideas, beliefs and concepts as well as examining how the spatial organisation of each city compared to the other. In Sidon during the Middle Bronze Age, the evolution between the MB IIA and the MB IIB manifested itself in the arrangement of human internments and the architecture surrounding them. Two main units, each with a different function, were encountered at Sidon: one for cultic purposes and the other for housing the dead. This type of arrangement, with a separate special area for the dead, was also found in Tell el-Dab‘a where it was known as “Totenhäuser”. A further link between the two was the fact that this practice ended in both cities during the same time period (Sidon str. 6, Tell el-Dab‘a E/2–1.)
Trade and cultural interconnections between pre-dynastic Egypt and the Southern Levant are established early, and most intensely since the end of the 4th millennium BC, to continue in renewed forms during the 3rd millennium BC between the Pharaonic state and the earliest urban centres of the Levant, both west and east of the Jordan. The increasing number of Egyptian, and Egyptian-style items, identified in the first Jordanian cities of Early Bronze II-III, provides an opportunity for a reconsideration on the movement of Egyptian objects beyond the Jordan, up to the edge of the Syro-Arabian desert; on the evolution of the relations between Pharaonic Egypt and the urban centers of southern Levant in the 3rd millennium BC; and, eventually, on the role these commercial and cultural interactions played in the early urban societies of the region.
J. Mynářová, M. Kilani and S. Alivernini (eds.), A Stranger in the House – the Crossroads III, p. 387-404., 2019
Type-setting layout: AGAMA ® poly-grafický ateliér, s.r.o., Praha Print: TNM print, Chlumec nad Cidlinou Abstract: The second millennium BC was a period of unprecedented interconnectedness, characterized by the increasing movement of people in conjunction with the transmission of technologies across the Near East. Employing a Communities of Practice approach, this paper investigates the human networks through which this specialized knowledge might have transferred, suggesting that the interaction between foreign and local military and technological specialists was the locus of this transmission. The Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period were characterized by waves of West Asian immigrants moving into the Eastern Delta, bringing with them their mastery of new production processes and technologies. This period also saw the introduction of West Asian military practices and values, including a corpus of military related Semitic loan words. Therefore, this paper will propose that the mixture of immigrant and Egyptian specialists in hybrid military communities of practice played a major role in this cultural exchange. I will also explore the cultural significance behind the adoption and maintenance of these foreign technologies and military values, as well as their impact on the New Kingdom Egyptian military and conceptions of kingship.
Egyptianizing Practices and Cultural Hybridity in the Southern Levant During the Late Bronze Age
Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections, 2018
This article explores how material culture is used to shape, mediate and transform social relations within contact zones. The aim is to highlight cultural hybridity, namely the material expression of new social practices within a colonial third space. It focuses on the Gaza region of the southern Levant during the later 2nd millennium BCE, a cosmopolitan period, illustrated by large-scale movement of goods, raw materials, and exotic luxuries over vast distances around the East Mediterranean resulting in cultural connectivity. The Late Bronze Age in the Gaza region is also characterized by Egyptian colonial activity. Consequently, this article examines material evidence for the development of new social practices in the region and in particular the adoption of Egyptian(izing) exotica in the creation and mediation of new hybrid identities. Specifically, it explores the social life of objects at two important Late Bronze Age sites in the region: el-Moghraqa and Deir el-Balah.
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