Nanomedicine: application areas and development prospects (original) (raw)
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Nanotechnology to Revolutionize Medicine
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2012
One of the most promising technologies of 21 st century is nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is a collective term referring to technological developments on the nanometer scale, usually 0.1-100 nm. A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter, too small to be seen with a conventional laboratory microscope. It is at this size scale-about 100 nanometers or less-that biological molecules and structures inside living cells operate. Therefore, nanotechnology is engineering and manufacturing at the molecular scale. Nanomedicine is new concept in combining nanotechnology and medicine. Nanotherapeutics is the use of nanomedicine in therapy. The definition of nanomedicine requires attention as the nanotechnology represents a cluster of technologies. Nanomedicine, an offshoot of nanotechnology, refers to highly specific medical intervention at the molecular scale for curing disease or repairing damaged tissues, such as bone, muscle, or nerve Utilities of nanotechnology to biomedical sciences implies creation of materials and devices designed to interact with the body at sub-cellular scales with a high degree of specificity. This could be potentially translated into targeted cellular and tissue-specific clinical applications aimed at maximal therapeutic effect with very limited adverse-effects. Nanomedicine can offer impressive resolutions for various life threatening diseases. Disease areas which can be expected to benefit most from nanotechnology within the next few years are cancer, diseases of the cardiovascular system, the lungs, blood, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, inflammatory/infectious diseases, and orthopaedic problems. This article presents an overview of some of the applications of nanotechnology in nanomedicine.
Nanotechnology- future prospect in recent medicine: a review
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2013
Any damage at molecular or cellular level is the major culprit for disease & ill health. Nanotechnology, "the manufacturing technology of the 21st century," helps us economically build a broad range of complex molecular machines by manipulating matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Nanotech may be able to create many new materials and devices with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometres with a vast range of applications, such as in medicine, electronics, biomaterials and energy production. Lots of new possibilities come into account in relation to use of nanotechnology in medicines. Nanotechnology in medicine involves applications of nanoparticles, also involves nano-robots to make repairs at the cellular levels. On the other hand, nanotechnology raises many of the same issues as any new technology, including concerns about the toxicity and environmental impact of nanomaterials.
Nanomedicines and Its Applications in the Healthcare
Biomedical Sciences, 2019
Nanomedicine is the advanced application of nanotechnology in the healthcare fields and it is one of the key technologies of the 21 st century. A nanomedicine can be defined as the advanced applications of nanotechnology for the treatment, diagnosis, monitoring, and control of biological systems. Different sorts of nanocarrier (nanoparticles) are used for the manufacturing and to help delivery of target medicines. The term "nanomedicines" covers a number of materials and structures, for example, proteins, dendrimers, micelles, liposomes, polymers, emulsions, nanocapsules, nanoparticles, etc. Nanoparticles contain some exclusive properties and they can be used in conjunction with therapeutic components to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of debilitating diseases like cancer, diabetes and so on. As the human body is comprised of different types of molecules; the availability of molecular nanotechnology permits dramatic progress in human medical services. Nanomedicines provide vital scope for medical profession, primarily for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and eventually for the improvement of knowledge of natural human biological systems and its functions. It is a developing group of therapeutics that involve the understanding of phenomena on the nanometer scale. Nanomedicines research needs expertise in a range of diverse fields (Life Sciences, Physics & Chemistry) and requires multidisciplinary team members. Future applications of nanomedicine in medical science will be reflected by using nanorobots for detection and treatment of various diseases.
Nanoscience and their biological importance: human health and disease
Nano-science is at the leading edge of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. Several areas of medical care are already benefiting from the advantages that nanotechnology can offer. Applications of nano-science in biotechnology, medicine, pharmaceuticals, physics, material science and electronics are also covered in this review. Mankind is still fighting against a high number of serious and complex illnesses like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and diabetes as well as different kinds of serious inflammatory or infectious diseases (e.g. HIV). Most of theses diseases have a tremendous negative impact not only on the patient himself but also on the whole society and linked social and insurance systems. It is of utmost importance to face these plagues with appropriate means. This brief review tries to recapitulate the most recent developments in the field of applied nano-science, particularly in their relevance in treatment of various diseases and their biological importance in human health and to discuss their future prospects.
NANOMEDICINE – THE FUTURISTIC MEDICINE
The use of nanotechnology in medicine offers exciting possibilities and while some techniques are only being imagined, others are at various stages of development and testing, and still others are in actual use. Use of nanotechnology in medicine, called " Nanomedicine " , involves application of nanoscience and nanotechnology in the use and manufacture of nanodevices that can work at cell level. This area when fully developed will revolutionize the medical field. This article reviews the possible influence of the emerging nanotechnology discipline on healthcare with the objective to enhance awareness of the readers about the nanotechnology implications for the 21 st Century medicine. As the nanoscience changes from concept to a discipline, so does the nanomedicine that integrates the nanotechnology into medicine for DNA sequencing, diagnosing, monitoring, healing, tissue regenerating, and even reversing the disease process.
AARF, 2014
Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter at the atomic and molecular scale to create materials with remarkably varied and new properties, is a rapidly expanding area of research with huge potential in many sectors, ranging from healthcare to construction and electronics. In medicine, it promises to revolutionize drug delivery, gene therapy, diagnostics, and many areas of research, development and clinical application. This article does not attempt to cover the whole field, but offers, by means of some examples, a few insights into how nanotechnology has the potential to change medicine, both in the research lab and clinically, while touching on some of the challenges and concerns that it raises.
NANO-TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN MEDICINE
Recent years have witnessed an unprecedented growth in research in the area of nanoscience. There is increasing optimism that nanotechnology applied to medicine and dentistry will bring significant advances in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Growing interest in the future medical applications of nanotechnology is leading to the emergence of a new field called nanomedicine. Nanomedicine needs to overcome the challenges for its application, to improve the understanding of pathophysiologic basis of disease, bring more sophisticated diagnostic opportunities, and yield more effective therapies and preventive properties. Nanotechnology involves manipulating properties and structures at the nanoscale, often involving dimensions that are just tiny fractions of the width of a human hair. Nanotechnology is already being used in products in its passive form, such as cosmetics and sunscreens, and it is expected that in the coming decades, new phases of products, such as better batteries and improved electronics equipment, will be developed and have far-reaching implications.
Nanomedicine-Challenge and Perspectives
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2009
Nanomedicine introduces nanotechnology concepts into medicine and thus joins two large cross disciplinary fields with an unprecedented societal and economical potential arising from the natural combination of specific achievements in the respective fields. The common basis evolves from the molecular scale properties relevant in the two fields. Nanoanalytical tools such as local probes and molecular imaging techniques, allow us to characterize surface and interface properties at a nanometer scale at predefined locations, while elaborated chemical approaches offer the opportunity for the control and addressing of surfaces e. g. for targeted drug delivery, enhanced biocompatibility and neuroprosthetic purposes. This commonality opens a wide variety of economic fields both of industrial and clinical interests. However, concerns arise in this cross disciplinary area about toxicological aspects and ethical implications. This review gives an overview of selected recent developments of nanotechnology applied on medical objectives.
Emerging trends of nanomedicine - an overview
Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 2009
Nanotechnology is an emerging branch of science that deals with designing tools and devices of size 1-100 nm with unique function at the cellular, atomic and molecular levels [1]. Nanoparticles of size <100 nm possess novel optical, electronic and structural properties not seen with macro molecules [2]. The concept of using nanotechnology in medical research and clinical practice is known as nanomedicine. This idea was first voiced by the eminent Nobel Laureate Richard Feynman that tiny nanorobots and nanodevices could be used to provide more accurate, reliable, cost effective and faster approaches in diagnosis and treatment [3]. Nanoparticles are smaller than human cells but similar in size to biological macromolecules like enzymes and receptors [1]. They can be used as probes by conjugating them to peptides, antibodies and nucleic acids to detect cellular movements and molecular changes associated with pathological states. Such probes
Nanomedicine: Overview, Problem, Solution and Future
Over the years the field of nanotechnology has gained tremendous ground, it has really begun developing into more progressive forms in medical research. It is expected that nanotechnology can have an vast optimistic impact on human health. Pertinent processes of living organisms take place essentially at nanoscale, basic biological divisions like DNA, proteins or cell membranes are of this aspect Nanomedicine benefits greatly from expansions in nanotechnology and because of this a wide variety of medicines and medical procedures have become accessible predicting that the future holds more advancement in this field. Mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, and cancers (tumor cells, as well as tumor neovasculature) are key targets. The use of nanoscale technology in medicine is one of the latest and most exhilarating forms of science that is still in its infancy. From the name, it is obvious that nanotechnology focuses on very small things including atoms and molecular objects. The assumption is that once we know the littlest parts of life we will have the capacity to comprehend everything that is going on the globe, yet it has been involved towards enhancing mechanical development and, sadly, the potential dangers of nanomedicine have remained inadequately evaluated. Research into the balanced delivery and targeting of pharmaceutical, medical, and diagnostic agents is at the front line of projects in nanomedicine. These involve the recognition of the cells and receptor connected to precise medical circumstances and selection of the suitable nanocarriers to attain the necessary responses while minimizing the side effects. The prospective and the dangers of nanomedicine need to be amenably researched, analyzed, disputed and delimited. This paper is focused on the problems, precautions, as well as the future of nanomedicine. However, it is important to note that nanotechnology also raises important social issues and ethical challenges. Proponents suggest that a nanomedicine-enabled " revolution " will bring far-reaching changes to economic, social and environmental relations. Yet to date, there has been a shortage of life-threatening discussion about civic interest issues associated with the predicted nanomedicine " revolution " and in specific what role civil society should have in decision making. This research was conducted using information provided by textbooks on nanomedicine, nanotechnology journals and books, journals on how nanotechnology in medicine work and its history and web pages about nanotechnology and nanomedicine.