Blockchain for the Cybersecurity of Smart City Applications (original) (raw)
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2018 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)
In today Smart Cities, the automation strategy based on massive IoT devices deployment to gather Big Data to get insights into city behavior to improve its services. The Smart IoT devices interconnected to the Cyberinfrastructure in a Smart City can be exposed to security threats. To overcome failures and Cyberinfrastructure hacker's attacks, surveillance systems to monitor every citizen activity, compromise their privacy rights. We propose in this paper a use case where Blockchain is a promise to conciliate security versus privacy. Moreover, we discuss how we can start implementing a control access system integrating Blockchain, and we discuss benefits and challenges briefly.
Blockchain in Smart Cities: Exploring Possibilities in Terms of Opportunities and Challenges
Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing
The ultimate aim of a smart city is to enhance the quality of life for its residents and businesses through modern technologies in order to reduce resource deterioration and maintain overall costs. From this perspective, blockchain is one of these technologies that has received much attention during the recent years as it offers new alternatives for individuals and institutions in the smart city context. This study aims to explore the potential and contribution of blockchain in smart cities by studying and reviewing the literature of scientific research on the concept and fundamentals of blockchain, involving its most practical applications. In addition, it summarizes worldwide examples of success in using blockchain as well as exploring the challenges and opportunities related to this technology in smart cities. Thus, this study provides a useful reference for researchers to review all about the new blockchain technology.
The term "Smart City" denotes a comprehensive concept to alleviate pending problems of modern urban areas which have developed into an important work field for practitioners and scholars alike. However, the question remains as to how cities can become "smart". The application of information technology is generally considered a key driver in the "smartization" of cities. Detailed frameworks and procedures are therefore needed to guide, operationalize, and measure the implementation process as well as the impact of the respective technologies. In this paper, we discuss blockchain technology, a novel driver of technological transformation that comprises a multitude of underlying technologies and protocols, and its potential impact on smart cities. We specifically address the question of how blockchain technology may benefit the development of urban areas. Based on a comprehensive literature review, we present a framework and research propositions. We identify nine application fields of blockchain technology in the smartization of cities: (1) healthcare, (2) logistics and supply chains, (3) mobility, (4) energy, (5) administration and services, (6) e-voting, (7) factory, (8) home and (9) education. We discuss current developments in these fields, illustrate how they are affected by blockchain technology and derive propositions to guide future research endeavors.
Blockchain Technology: A Driving Force in Smart Cities Development
International Journal of Applied Engineering and Management Letters (IJAEML), 2020
Smart Cities are well planned, designed, and established keeping in mind the growing need ofcitizens in search of better livelihood. Technology has played a big role in equipping SmartCities to offer better facilities to its citizens in terms of better living comfort, better atmosphere,better surrounding, better medical facilities, and most importantly ease of doing business,office, and day to day activities. While doing so, IT Infrastructure and online transactions haveinfluenced all the operational processes of Smart Cities and almost acting as its backbone.Obviously, any adverse impact on online transactions can create chaos in Smart Cityoperations. To address this concern, a safe and reliable online transaction is a must. In thispaper, we have discussed Blockchain Technology-based solutions for Smart Cities and theirpotential impact on Smart Cities Development. We specifically tried to address the concern ofhow Smart City online operational processes for various applications can be made reliable andsafe by using Blockchain Technology and how this technology can benefit Smart Cities overalldevelopment. Based on the comprehensive research and detailed literature review, we proposedBlockchain Technology based secure framework for Smart Cities. We also identified variousapplications and process areas that can be highly benefited by using Blockchain Technologyand can make these applications smarter and more reliable and fit for use for any Smart City.
Security and Privacy Challenges using IoT-Blockchain Technology in a Smart City: Critical Analysis
IJEER, 2022
A smart city is a comprehensive concept created by multiple digital industries. Smart city is a new generation of information technologies such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, and geospatial information to promote smart new ideas for urban planning, construction, management and services, power city operation and administrative management, industrial development, and public services in various fields. It is a modern high-end urban development form. A smart city is to establish a city center system by connecting terminals, applying information technology and network, and ultimately promoting the efficiency improvement and economic structure optimization in various fields. However, in the construction of smart cities, due to the sharing of a large amount of data, a lot of data leakage is caused, and data protection faces many challenges. The article first introduces the structure of smart cities, the challenges faced by smart cities in data protection and data privacy protection; then summarizes the characteristics, applications, and challenges of blockchain technology in the application of blockchain in smart cities, and makes reference to references. The corresponding comparisons are made, and the future challenges are finally summarized and proposed.
The Application of Blockchain Technology to Smart City Infrastructure
Smart Cities
A smart city can be defined as an integration of systems comprising a plethora of task-oriented technologies that aim to evolve and advance with city and infrastructure needs while providing services to citizens and resolving urban challenges through intersystem and data-driven analytical means, with minimal human intervention. Applications of technology include management, operations, and finance. One such technology is Blockchain. A main advantage of Blockchain is the simplification of processes that are costly and time-consuming. This is accomplished by simplifying operations to minimize costs resulting from the decentralization of assets. Blockchain has been proven to facilitate transparency, security, and the elimination of data fragmentation. However, as a relatively new technology, it poses regulatory obstacles. This issue can be attributed to the fact that many infrastructural governing organizations have incomplete knowledge of their infrastructure, which can lead to confus...
Sensors
Smart devices have become an essential part of the architectures such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs), and Internet of Everything (IoE). In contrast, these architectures constitute a system to realize the concept of smart cities and, ultimately, a smart planet. The adoption of these smart devices expands to different cyber-physical systems in smart city architecture, i.e., smart houses, smart healthcare, smart transportation, smart grid, smart agriculture, etc. The edge of the network connects these smart devices (sensors, aggregators, and actuators) that can operate in the physical environment and collects the data, which is further used to make an informed decision through actuation. Here, the security of these devices is immensely important, specifically from an authentication standpoint, as in the case of unauthenticated/malicious assets, the whole infrastructure would be at stake. We provide an updated review of authentication mechanisms by catego...
Blockchain Technology Application Areas in the Smart City Information Systems
3rd International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology Tourism Economics Management and Agriculture, 2019
By cross-referencing benefits of blockchain technologies and critical issues and weak points of smart city information systems, one may conclude that blockchain systems are just the right solution for smart city information systems. However, this may not be true and applicable generally let alone universally. Traditional information system requires an increased level of security and availability of service when they have to be exposed to the public and used by the tens of thousands of inhabitants within a city. On the other hand, blockchain technologies offer a completely new combination of technologies to solve security and reliability issues as well as the availability of service and failsafe tolerance. The scope of this work is to analyse literature as well as available use cases to detect areas of a successful application for information systems that are using blockchain in the smart city.
Security and privacy in smart city: a secure e-voting system based on blockchain
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2023
In recent years, the internet of things (IoT) growth has brought about many technological changes, including the emergence of the notion of the smart city. The development of a smart city requires the integration of IoT devices and information and communication technologies to improve the quality of lives of citizens in many areas such as health, economy, business, agriculture, and transport. However, with this evolution, many cybersecurity risks and challenges have been raised, so it is necessary to develop these technologies in a protected way to avoid being compromised by attackers. Blockchain, being a new technology based on cryptographic principles, can play an important role in securing smart cities. In this survey, we discussed different applications of blockchain technology in smart cities and also studied how blockchain features (transparency, democracy, decentralization, and security) can help in the improvement of smart city services. This analysis will help us to implement an electronic voting model using a smart contract based on the Ethereum blockchain to highlight how blockchain technology can be implemented in smart cities to promote security.
IoT based Smart Access Controlled Secure Smart City Architecture Using Blockchain
arXiv (Cornell University), 2019
Standard security protocols like SSL, TLS, IPSec etc. have high memory and processor consumption which makes all these security protocols unsuitable for resource constrained platforms such as Internet of Things (IoT). Blockchain (BC) finds its efficient application in IoT platform to preserve the five basic cryptographic primitives, such as confidentiality, authenticity, integrity, availability and non-repudiation. Conventional adoption of BC in IoT platform causes high energy consumption, delay and computational overhead which are not appropriate for various resource constrained IoT devices. This work proposes a machine learning (ML) based smart access control framework in a public and a private BC for a smart city application which makes it more efficient as compared to the existing IoT applications. The proposed IoT based smart city architecture adopts BC technology for preserving all the cryptographic security and privacy issues. Moreover, BC has very minimal overhead on IoT platform as well. This work investigates the existing threat models and critical access control issues which handle multiple permissions of various nodes and detects relevant inconsistencies to notify the corresponding nodes. Comparison in terms of all security issues with existing literature shows that the proposed architecture is competitively efficient in terms of security access control.