Screening of Antibiotic Producing Actinomycetes for Antibiosis from Soil of Siraha, Nepal (original) (raw)

Abstract

Actinomycetes are gram positive bacteria widely distributed in natural and man-made environments. They are found in large numbers in soils, fresh waters, lake, river bottoms, manures, composts, dust as well as on plant residues and food products. However, the diversity of actinomycetes that produce secondary metabolites can be determined by different physical, chemical and geographical factors (Ogunmwonyi et al., 2010). As there is increasing trends of antibiotic resistant microorganisms, the search for novel antibiotics is necessary. In this case, actinomycetes are the best common sources of novel antibiotics (Okami & Hotta, 1988). The diversity of terrestrial actinomycetes is of great signi cance in several areas of medical sciences, particularly in antibiotic production (Magarvey et al., 2004). Out of 22,500 biologically active compounds obtained from microbes, 45% are from actinomycetes (Berdy, 2005). Need of new antimicrobial agents is greater than before because of the emergence of new multidrug resistance in common pathogens, rapid emergence of new infections, and the use of multidrug resistant pathogens in bioterrorism (Spellberg et al., 2004). Antibiotic resistant bacteria have been great problems in the treatment ofi nfectious diseases which are still the second leading cause of death worldwide (WHO 2002 and Luzhetskyy et al., 2007). In the search for novel antibiotics, a study in Nepal revealed that twenty seven actinomycetes isolated from soil samples of Mount Everest region were reported to have antibacterial activity (Gurung et al., 2009). Likewise, One hundred and seventeen antibiotic producing actinomycetes were isolated from non-agricultural wasteland, alkaline soils and compost rich garden soil (Kumar et al., 2010). Twenty species of actinomycete were isolated from marine soil samples in which s three showed signi cant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli and (Kalyani et al., 2012). These all evidences show the abundant presence of actinomycetes having antimicrobial activity. In this regard, Terai (75-600 m), a warm region of Nepal, is of a signi cant interest. Sun radiations and seasonal variations create extreme environment which likely to harbor unusual microorganisms. This poorly studied habitation increases the chances of nding novel microorganisms. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to isolate and characterize antibacterial actinomycetes from soil samples of Siraha, a warm district of Terai, Nepal.

Figures (6)

Table 2 Zone ofi nhibition of active actinomycetes isolates in secondary screening Tb,: Escherichia coli, Tb, Salmonella Typhi, Tb3: Shigella spp., Tb,: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Tb5: Staphylococcus aureusand Tb,: Bacillus subtilis

Table 2 Zone ofi nhibition of active actinomycetes isolates in secondary screening Tb,: Escherichia coli, Tb, Salmonella Typhi, Tb3: Shigella spp., Tb,: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Tb5: Staphylococcus aureusand Tb,: Bacillus subtilis

Tb,: Escherichia coli, Tb,,Salmonella Typhi, Tb,: Shigella spp., Tb4: Pseudomonas aeruginosa Tb,: Staphylococcus aureus anc Tb,: Bacillus subtilis Table 1: Zone ofi nhibition of active isolates in primary screening

Tb,: Escherichia coli, Tb,,Salmonella Typhi, Tb,: Shigella spp., Tb4: Pseudomonas aeruginosa Tb,: Staphylococcus aureus anc Tb,: Bacillus subtilis Table 1: Zone ofi nhibition of active isolates in primary screening

Table 5:Other biochemical tests

Table 5:Other biochemical tests

Loading...

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

References (19)

  1. Berdy J. Bioactive Microbial Metabolites: a personal View, J Antibiot, 2005, 58 (1), 1 -26.
  2. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Buchanan, R. E., N. E. Gibbons, S. T. Cowan, J. G. Holt, J. Liston, R. G. E. Murary, C. F. Niven, A. W. Ravin and R. Y. Stainer (eds.), eighth edn, Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, U.S.A.,1974, 659-881.
  3. Egorov NS. Antibiotics, A Sc iecntA i pproach. Mir Publishers, Moscow, 1985.
  4. Gurung TD, Sherpa C, Agrawal VP, Lekhak B. Isolation and Characterization of Antibacterial Actinomycetes from Soil Samples of Kalapatthar, Mount Everest Region. Nepal JSciTechnol, 2009, 10,173 -82.
  5. Kalyani ALT, Ramyasravani KM, Annapurana J. Isolation and characterization of antibiotic producing actinomycetes from marine soils samples, Int J CurrPharmaceu Res, 2012, 4 (2), 109-12.
  6. Kawato M & Shinobu R. A Simple Technique for The Microscopical Observation. Memoirs of the Osaka University Liberal Arts and Education, 1959, 8,114.
  7. Kumar N, Ravi KS, Mishra SK, Singh AK & Pachouri UC. Isolation and Screening of Soil Actinomycetes as Source of Antibiotics Active against Bacteria, Int J Microbiol Res, 2010, 2 (2)-, 1 62 .
  8. Liu CM, Westley JW, Herman TE, Prasser BLT, Palleroni N, Evans RH & Miller PA. Novel Polyether Antibiotics, X-14873 A, G and H produced by Streptomyces;Taxonomy of the Producing Culture, Fermentation, Biological and Ionophores Properties of the Antibiotics, Journal of Antibiotics, 1986, 39 (12),1712- 18. LuzhetskyyA, Pelzer S & BechtholdA. The future of Natural Products as a Source of New Antibiotics, Current opinion in investigational Drugs, 2007, 8(8), 608-13.
  9. Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology (2017) ©All Right Reserved L) ISSN No: 2565-5132 (Print)
  10. Sah and Lekhak, 2017, HiJOST, Volume 1, Issue 1, Page 20-25
  11. Magarvey, NA, Keller JM, Bernan V, Dworkin M & Sherman DH. Isolation and characterization of novel marine-derived actinomycetes taxa rich in bioactive metabolites.Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2004, 70(12), 7520-29.
  12. Nokaido H & Vaara M. Molecular basis of bacterial outer membrane permeability. Microbiological Reviews, 1985, 49 (1), 1-32.
  13. Ogunmwonyi et al., IH, Mazomba N, Mabinya L, Ngwenya E, Green E, Akinpelu DA, et al. Studies on the culturable marine actinomycetes isolated from the Nahoon beach in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Afr J Microbiol Res, 2010, 4 (21), 2223-30.
  14. Okami Y & Hotta K. Search and Discovery of New Antibiotics. In: Actinomycetes in Biotechnology (Eds: Good Fellow, M. Williams S. T., Mordarski M.), Academic Press, London, 1988, 37-67.
  15. Sen, SF, Haque SF, and Pal SC. Survey of Antibacterial Actinomycetes from Soil of different Parts of West Bengal, Indian Biologist, 1993, 25 (1).
  16. Spellberg B, Powers JH, Brass EP, Miller LG & Edwards JE. Trends in Antimicrobial Drug Development: Implications for the Future. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2004, 38(9), 1279-86.
  17. WHO. Deaths by Cause, Sex and Mortality Stratum in WHO Regions, Estimates for 2001.World Health Report, World Health Organization, 2002.
  18. Williams ST & Cross T. Actinomycetes, Applied Microbiology 4 Academic Presss, 1971.
  19. Williams ST & Davies FL .Use of Antibiotics for Selective Isolation and Enumeration of Actinomycetes in soil, Journal of General Microbiology 1965, 38, 251-61.