Relative Basicity Approach for Separation of Alpha-Toluic Acid with Triglycerides of Fatty Acids by Reactive Extraction (original) (raw)
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Extraction of α-Toluic acid from aqueous solution has draw attention due to its ample range of biological, antibacterial, analgesic, and virucidal properties. In present paper, reactive separation of α-toluic acid with tri-n-butyl phosphate dissolved in triglycerides of fatty acids such as castor oil, soybean oil and sunflower oil has been investigated to evaluate the performance of the diluents and extractants in reactive extraction process. The experimental results were presented as overall distribution coefficient (KD), loading factor (), extraction efficiency (η %), and overall equilibrium constant (Eαβ) and observed in the range of data 4.4-45.7, 0.006-0.066, 81.6-97.9, and 15.1-28.1 respectively. Further relative basicity approach has been extended the represent the experimental results. The model is best suited to experimental results.
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The heating performance of enzyme-assisted aqueous processing-extracted blended oil (EAEPO), hexane-extracted blended oil (HEBO), and three kinds of blended oils was investigated by varying the heating times. Oil degradation was monitored by analysis of the acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV),p-anisidine value (p-AV), color, and trans-fatty acid composition. The fatty acid ratios of EAEPO, HEBO, and the three kinds of blended oils were very similar (0.27 : 1.03 : 0.96, 0.27 : 1.08 : 1.16, 0.27 : 0.65 : 0.8, 0.27 : 0.6 : 0.84, and 0.27 : 0.61 : 0.79, resp.). The AV and color increased in proportion to the heating time for all the oils. There was a rapid increase in the PV andp-AV of EAEPO and HEBO after heating for only 1 h, whereas the other three blended oils showed a rapid increase after heating for 2 h or 6 h. Despite the highest trans-fatty acid content found for HEBO, this content was relatively low and remained low up to a heating time of 8 h. It was found that after heating,...
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Fish oil is the fraction of lipid which is extracted from fish and its waste products. It is mainly composed of SFA, MUFA and PUFAs. PUFAs like omega-3, omega-6, ALA are long chain fatty acids (PUFAs) and is rated very highly, due to its active role in the prevention of many diseases. Extraction of fish oil is carried out by leaching process where solvent extracts the desired solute and is later is separated. The extraction process is affected by leaching temperature and time which is reflected in terms of yielding of oil. Therefore, this research work was undertaken to study the effect of solvent (hexane and isopropanol) mixture along with operating temperature and time and subsequently to optimize the taken parameters on the basis of oil yield. Experiments were conducted using Box-Behnken design with three variables at three levels having equal intervals. Variables selected for the experiment were extraction temperature (70, 80, 90°C), extraction time (5, 6, 7 h) and solvent ratio (hexane: isopropanol) (1:2, 1:1, 3:2). Responses selected were oil yield (%),
Data in Brief, 2020
Caproic acid can be produced by fermentation technology. Reactive extraction method is a promising technology for separating the acid from the carboxylic mixture in the fermenter [1-4]. To achieve it, tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) is used as the reactive extractant and sunflower and soybean oils are used as the diluents. The performance of both the physical and reactive extraction processes was analysed by different parameters like distribution coefficient, loading ratio, and extraction efficiency. To meet the purpose, concentration of caproic acid in aqueous phase was measured by doing acid-base titration by caustic solution Further, reaction equilibrium constant, stoichiometry and distribution of complex, free acid and dimer concentrations in the organic phase were analysed. The data are related to the published (
Extraction of Propionic Acid from Aqueous Solution Using Tributyl Phosphate IN Modified Soyabean Oil
The experimental studies for extraction of propionic acid using Tributyl Phosphate (TBP) in nontoxic diluent (modified soyabean oil) from aqueous solution have been described here. The extraction equilibrium studies for propionic acid are carried out to find the optimum time of shaking, the effect of temperature and the extraction efficiency (%E). The experimental studies show that extractant (TBP) and diluent influences the extraction of propionic acid. The effect of percentage of TBP in diluent on extraction efficiency has been investigated. Recovery of propionic acid from the aqueous phase by reactive extraction using quarternary amine (Aliquat 336) in various diluents" Chemical Engineering Journal 152 (2009) 95-102. 4. KangWang, Zhidong Changa, Yinchen Maa, "Equilibrium reactive extraction of propionic acid with N1923 in different diluents" Fluid Phase equilibria 278 (2009) 103-108. 5. Amit Keshava, Kalas L. Wasewar "Effect of binary extractants and modifier-diluents systems on equilibria of propionic acid extraction" Fluid Phase Equilibria 275 (2009) 21-26. 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 10 20 30 40 50 100 % Efficiency % TBP At 0.202 gmol/L At 0.302 gmol/L At 0.403 gmol/L At 0.503 gmol/L Study on solvent extraction of propionic acid from simulated discharged water in vitamin B12 production by anaerobic fermentation" Bioresource Technology 100 (2009) 2878-2882 10. Yavuz Selim As IsmailInci "Extraction equilibria of propionic acid from aqueous solutions by Amberlite LA-2 in diluent solvents" Chemical Engineering Journal 155 (2009) 784-788 11. Carlescu Alexandra Postaru, Madalina Galaction, "Direct separation of propionic acid from propionibacterium acid propionic Broths by reactive extraction, 2. Extraction from simulated Broths", Environment engineering and management
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The present paper reports phase equilibrium experimental data for two systems composed by peanut oil or avocado seed oil + commercial oleic acid + ethanol + water at 298.2 K and different water contents in the solvent. The addition of water to the solvent reduces the loss of neutral oil in the alcoholic phase and improves the solvent selectivity. The experimental data were correlated by the NRTL and UNIQUAC models. The global deviations between calculated and experimental values were 0.63 % and 1.08 %, respectively, for the systems containing avocado seed oil. In the case of systems containing peanut oil those deviations were 0.65 % and 0.98 %, respectively. Such results indicate that both models were able to reproduce correctly the experimental data, although the NRTL model presented a better performance.
Reactive Extraction of Caproic Acid using Mixed Tertiary Extractant in Non-toxic Diluents
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology -IJRASET, 2020
The extraction of caproic acid from dilute aqueous stream is of great acceptance due to its high market demand and environmental aspect. The present study deals with the reactive extraction of caproic acid of initial concentration (0.01-0.057 mol/lit) using mixed tertiary amine extractant (tri-n-dodecylamine, TDA, tri-n-hexylamine, THA, tri-n-propylamine, TPA, tri-n-octylamine, TOA) in non-toxic diluents (jatropha oil biodiesel and soybean oil biodiesel) from its dilute aqueous solution. Different combination of mixed extractant and biodiesels were studied in order to reduce the toxicity. All the results of extraction experiments were presented in the form of distribution coefficient (K D) and degree of extraction (% E). Both physical and chemical extraction were performed at T=302 K ± 1K to get maximum outcome of distribution coefficient and extraction efficiency. For physical extraction, the values of distribution coefficient and degree of extraction were obtained in the range of 0.57 to 4.26 and 35.92 to 80.98 for jatropha oil similarly, 0.59 to 4.33 and 37 to 81.23 for soybean oil. For chemical extraction, the values of distribution coefficient and degree of extraction were obtained in the range of 6.63 to 31.76 and 86.9 to 96.95 for jatropha oil similarly, 6.56 to 33.55 and 86.8 to 97.11 for soybean oil. In this research work it was found that the combination of mixed tertiary amine with soybean oil biodiesel is better than jatropha oil biodiesel in order to obtained maximum distribution coefficient (K D) and extraction efficiency (% E). The problem of toxicity was found to be reducing by the use of non-toxic diluents with the mixed extractant.
Extraction of oleic acid from soybean oil and jojoba oil-phase diagrams
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 1996
mamide, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,2-butanediol, and 2-butane-1,4diol were considered as potential extractants of fatty acids from soybean and jojoba oils. Ternary liquid-liquid phase diagrams at 298.15 K, distribution, and selectivity coefficients of oleic acid are reported. Of the investigated solvents, only N-methylformamide and 1,2-butanediol have desirable extraction characteristics.
Extraction of wheat germ oil with two different solvents (n-hexane and chloroform/ methanol) was carried out to study their effect on oil quality and quantity as well as their efficiency on the extraction of the active polynutrients. The studied bioactive minor components were tocols, whole sterols and sterylglycosides. HPLC was used to determine tocols and sterylglycosides of the extracted oils. Whereas, capillary GLC was employed to determine whole sterols and fatty acids compositions. It was found that total tocols in wheat germ oil extracted with chloroform/ methanol was higher than those of n-hexane extracted oil. It was also found that α-tocopherols and β-tocotrienols were the major components of wheat germ oil. Concerning sterols, β-sitosterol and campesterols were the major components in both whole sterols and sterylglycosides of wheat germ oil. In addition GLC analysis of fatty acids showed that linoleic acid, as essential fatty acid, is the principal component followed by oleic acid. In addition, chemical properties of extracted wheat germ oils such as peroxide, acid, iodine and saponifiction values as well as color intensity were carried out. The results of extracted WG were compared with those of cottonseed oil extracted with the same solvents under the same conditions. The results indicated that the type of the solvent extraction has a great influence on the yield of tocols, sterols, sterylglycosides as well as fatty acids.
Journal of Chromatography A, 2002
A quick and successful procedure is presented for the separation of polar lipids, monoacylglycerols (MAGs), diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols (TAGs) and for fatty acid determination in the above-mentioned lipid fractions by gas chromatographic analysis, which was acceptable for physiological and nutrition studies. In the analysis of edible oils and biological tissue samples, lipid classes were separated and purified by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using an aminopropylsilica column. Fatty acids in the sn-2 position in edible oil TAGs were determined after previous 1,3-specific lipase hydrolysis and separation of 2-MAGs by SPE using an aminopropylsilica column. A preliminary study of the solid-phase extraction separation of lipid classes with stock standard solutions using styrene-divinylbenzene-methacrylate copolymer (Nexus), octadecylsilica (C ) and aminopropylsilica (NH ) was carried out and it was shown that NH was the best sorbent 18 2 2 for the above-mentioned purpose.