Epidemic Errors in Understanding Masculinity, Maleness, and Violence (original) (raw)
Abstract
An anthropological approach is needed to counter a rising chorus of biobabble about masculinities, maleness, and violence. Anthropological lenses enable us to examine what we know and what we do not know about issues like testosterone, male primate aggression, and "pink and blue" brains and their relation to masculinities. Pseudoscientific concepts about masculinities and maleness act to justify, bolster, and provoke types of violence against many humans. Anthropologists should take the lead in engaging, untangling, and where necessary refuting narratives that naturalize this kind of violence. For humans, imagination, perceptions, and ideology matter as much as bone, muscle, and chromosomes. We provide here an introduction to a collection of essays offering insights into these issues by scholars across the diverse branches of anthropology and beyond, in order to spur dialogue across the all-too-familiar disciplinary and subdisciplinary divides. We do not wish to remain segregated by different vantage points, ideologies, and methodologies. We disregard traditional boundaries and absorb a full range of ideas, to identify and facilitate connectivities across approaches to men, maleness, and violence. If ever a topic cried out for integrated, borderless scholarship by anthropology in the broadest sense, maleness and violence, and their relations to masculinities, is certainly one example.
Loading Preview
Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.
References (53)
- Ardrey, Robert. 1961. African genesis: a personal investigation into the animal origins and nature of man. New York: Athenaeum.
- Baxi, Patriksha. 2021. Law, emasculation, and sexual violence in India. Cur- rent Anthropology 62(suppl. 23):S145-S154.
- Boseman, Julie, Kate Taylor, and Tim Arango. 2019. A common trait among mass killers: hatred toward women. New York Times, July 19.
- Bribiescas, Richard G. 2021. Evolutionary and life history insights into mas- culinity and warfare: opportunities and limitations. Current Anthropology 62(suppl. 23):S38-S53.
- Chavez, Chris. 2019. Swiss court suspends IAAF rules barring Caster Semenya from competing vs. women. Sports Illustrated, June 3.
- Cheng, Sealing. 2021. The male malady of globalization: phallocentric na- tionalism in South Korea. Current Anthropology 62(suppl. 23):S79-S91.
- Chira, Susan. 2017. Trump and Putin meet in testosterone-fueled face-off. New York Times, July 6.
- Collins, Randall. 2008. Violence: a micro-sociological theory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Damore, James. 2017. Google's ideological echo chamber: how bias clouds our thinking about diversity and inclusion. https://assets.documentcloud.org /documents/3914586/Googles-Ideological-Echo-Chamber.pdf.
- de León, Jason. 2015. The land of open graves: living and dying on the migrant trail. Oakland: University of California Press.
- duQuesnay, Blair. 2019. Consider firing your male broker. New York Times, January 14.
- Eliot, Lise. 2021. Brain development and physical aggression: how a small gender difference grows into a violence problem. Current Anthropology 62(suppl. 23):S66-S78.
- Ferguson, R. Brian. 2021. Masculinity and war. Current Anthropology 62(suppl. 23):S112-S124.
- Fuentes, Agustín. 2012. Race, monogamy and other lies they told you: busting myths about human nature. Oakland: University of California Press.
- ---. 2021. Searching for the "roots" of masculinity in primates and the human evolutionary past. Current Anthropology 62(suppl. 23):S13-S25.
- Fuentes, Agustín, and Aku Visala, eds. 2017. Verbs, bones, and brains: in- terdisciplinary perspectives on human nature. South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
- Fuentes, Agustín, and Pauline Wiessner. 2016. Reintegrating anthropology: from inside out. Current Anthropology 57(suppl. 13):S3-S12.
- Gettler, Lee T. 2016. Becoming DADS: considering the role of cultural context and developmental plasticity for paternal socioendocrinology. Current Anthropology 57(suppl. 13):S38-S51.
- Gilligan, James. 1996. Violence: reflections on a national epidemic. New York: Vintage.
- Goetz, Aaron, Todd K. Shackelford, Gorge A. Romero, Farnaz Kaighobadi, and Emily J. Miner. 2008. Punishment, proprietariness, and paternity: men's violence against women from an evolutionary perspective. Aggression and Violent Behavior 13(6):481-489.
- Gutmann, Matthew. 1997. Trafficking in men: the anthropology of mascu- linity. Annual Review of Anthropology 26:385-409.
- ---. 2019. Are men animals? how modern masculinity sells men short. New York: Basic Books.
- ---. 2021. The animal inside: men and violence. Current Anthropology 62(suppl. 23):S182-S192.
- Hyde, J. S., R. S. Bigler, D. Joel, C. C. Tate, and S. M. van Anders. 2018. The future of sex and gender in psychology: five challenges to the gender binary. American Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000307.
- Karkazis, Katrina, Rebecca Jordan-Young, Georgiann Davis, and Silvia Cam- poresi. 2012. Out of bounds? a critique of the new policies on hyper- androgenism in elite female athletes. American Journal of Bioethics 12(7):3- 16. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2012.680533.
- Krugman, Paul. 1997. Biobabble. Slate, October 24.
- Lock, Margaret. 2017. Recovering the body. Annual Review of Anthropology 46:1-14.
- Lock, Margaret, and Gisli Palsson. 2016. Can science resolve the nature/nur- ture debate? Cambridge: Polity.
- Lorenz, Konrad. 1966. The territorial imperative: a personal inquiry into the animal origins of property and nations. New York: Atheneum.
- Maringira, Godfrey. 2021. Soldiers, masculinities and violence: war and pol- itics. Current Anthropology 62(suppl. 23):S103-S111.
- Martin, Debra L. 2021. Violence and masculinity in small-scale societies. Current Anthropology 62(suppl. 23):S169-S181.
- Mather, Victor, and Jeré Longman. 2019. Ruling leaves Caster Semenya with few good options. New York Times, July 31.
- Mead, Margaret. 1963. Sex and temperament in three primitive societies. New York: William Morrow.
- Merry, Sally Engle. 2021. Early Pacific encounters and masculinity: war, sex, and Christianity in Hawai'i. Current Anthropology 62(suppl. 23):S54-S65.
- Montagu, M. F. Ashley, ed. 1968. Man and aggression. Oxford: Oxford Uni- versity Press.
- Nelson, Robin G. 2021. The sex in your violence: patriarchy and power in anthropological world building and everyday life. Current Anthropology 62(suppl. 23):S92-S102.
- Padilla, Mark, and Sheilla Rodríguez-Madera. 2021. Embodiment, gender tran- sitioning, and necropolitics among transwomen in Puerto Rico. Current Anthropology 62(suppl. 23):S26-S37.
- Pinker, Steven. 2011. The better angels of our nature: why violence has de- clined. New York: Penguin.
- Sapolsky, Robert M. 1997. The trouble with testosterone. In The trouble with testosterone: and other essays on the biology of the human predicament. Pp. 147-159. New York: Simon & Schuster.
- ---. 2017. Behave: the biology of humans at our best and worst. New York: Penguin.
- Schaller, Thomas F. 2009. Testosterone fueled clash in Cambridge. Baltimore Sun, July 28.
- Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, and Philippe Bourgois, eds. 2004. Violence in war and peace: an anthology. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
- Segal, Daniel, and Sylvia Yanagisako. 2005. Unwrapping the sacred bundle: reflections on the disciplining of anthropology. Durham, NC: Duke Uni- versity Press.
- Smith, Rick W. A. 2021. Imperial terroir: toward a queer molecular ecology of colonial masculinities. Current Anthropology 62(suppl. 23):S155-S168.
- Tung, Tiffiny A. 2021. Making and marking maleness and valorizing violence: a bioarchaeological analysis of Embodiment in the Andean past. Current Anthropology 62(suppl. 23):S125-S144.
- Wakabayashi, Daisuke. 2017. Contentious memo strikes nerve inside Google and out. New York Times, August 8.
- ---. 2018. Google legally fired diversity memo author, labor agency says. New York Times, February 16.
- Whitehead, Neil L., ed. 2004. Violence. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research.
- Wingfield, John C. 2012. The challenge hypothesis: behavioral ecology to neuro- genomics. Journal of Ornithology 153(suppl. 1):S85-96. http://doi.org/10.1007 /s10336-012-0857-8.
- ---. 2017. The challenge hypothesis: where it began and relevance to humans. Hormones and Behavior 92:9-12.
- Wingfield, John C., Robert E. Hegner, Alfred M. Dufty Jr., and Gregory F. Ball. 1990. The "challenge hypothesis": theoretical implications for patterns of testosterone secretion, mating systems, and breeding strategies. Ameri- can Naturalist 136:829-846.
- Wrangham, Richard W. 2018. Two types of aggression in human evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 115(2):245-253. http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713611115.
- S12 Current Anthropology Volume 62, Supplement 23, February 2021