Entrepreneurship in the Tourism Sector: A Comparative Approach of Haiti, Coastal Kenya and Mauritius (original) (raw)

Entrepreneurship in the Tourism Sector: A Comparative Approach of Haiti, Coastal Kenya and Mauritius Gowreesunkar GB Vanessa Lecturer in Communication Studies, Tourism Management and Marketing

The entrepreneurship sector is an important component of any tourism industry. In Haiti, Kenya and Mauritius entrepreneurship appears to have a potential to contribute to the sustainable development of their respective tourism sectors. Moreover, no academic paper has been written so far about entrepreneurship in the tourism sector comparing Haiti, Kenya and Mauritius. This article therefore aims to contribute to the body of meta-literature in this area and seeks to identify the characteristics of entrepreneurs and the entrepreneurial process in the tourism sector of the three post colonial destinations. The findings indicate that even if entrepreneurship is a contextual concept, destinations with similar profiles are developing similar types of entrepreneurial schemes. It is also very important that the different governments rethink their financial systems. The lack of funding has constraining impacts on the development of social enterprise and enterprise in general. Although many enterprises have a survival strategy, particularly in Kenya and Haiti it is becoming evident that a weakness can be turned into a strength. Social entrepreneurship linked to the tourism sector seems to be the way forward.

Entrepreneurship in the tourism industry: Issues in developing countries

International Journal of …, 2011

The tourism industry in Malaysia is one of the most important sectors in terms of its contribution to the growth of the nation. The extensive demand on the tourism industry has stimulated the emergence of many small and medium hotels, resorts, and chalets in Malaysia. According ...

Social Entrepreneurship in Tourism: A Way to Involve Locals in Tourism Development

KnE Social Sciences

In developing countries, tourism is typically implemented through a top-down planning approach ([12]; Teye, Sirakaya & Sönmez 2002), and decision-making is mostly based on the interventions of government agencies and large multinational tourism firms [12]. As a result, the dominance of external, often foreign capital, and the marginalization of local people is common (Dola & Mijan 2006; Hampton 2003; [12]). Local communities in developing countries often gain only small advantages from tourism (Hampton 2003; [13]). This has been attributed to local people being exploited and having little power to control the tourism development process. In fact, local communities in developing countries are frequently excluded from tourism development, particularly in decision-making and the management of tourism projects (Teye et al. 2002). Braga maintains that social entrepreneurship is the creation of social impact by developing and implementing a sustainable business model that draws on innovative solutions that benefit the disadvantaged and, ultimately, society at large. This article reviews social entrepreneurship in tourism as a way to participate in tourism. Tourism often neglects the opportunity of local people to involve locals in tourism development in their own area. The positive economy of tourism is often enjoyed by outsiders. This article also slightly draws result on how the tourism social entrepreneurship is implemented. Drawing on in-depth interviews of 37 residents, this study explores the social entrepreneurship in tourism in Madura Island. It is argued that the social entrepreneurship is mostly developed initiatively by the participants and indeed is a way to involve locals to participate in tourism.

Social entrepreneurship as a tool for promoting global citizenship in island tourism management

While on one hand, social entrepreneurship, as a new movement, is being spearheaded by individuals to make the world a better place, on the other hand, small islands, dominated by Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) seems to have overlooked this emerging concept in their destination tourism management initiatives. The Port-au-Prince Declaration (2011) put forward the creation of MSEs as one of the seven key pillars for the sustainable growth of its tourism industry in Haiti. Likewise, the work of Séraphin (2012) highlighted two important social entrepreneurship schemes in Haiti, but failed to shed light on its relevance and implications for island tourism. Similarly, the Ministry of Tourism and Leisure of the island of Mauritius is undertaking various sustainable tourism activities aligned with the governmental vision called ‘Maurice Ile Durable’ (MID). But, social entrepreneurship, as a potential tool for the sustainable management of its tourism destination, has not been considered in the plan. With these gaps as foundations, this paper examines the concept of social entrepreneurship and investigates its role in promoting global citizenship in island tourism destination management. Starting with a brief presentation of Mauritius and Haiti as tourism destinations, this paper examines two small islands heavily dependent on their tourism sector. The study is based on based on literature review, available documentations and field observations. Exploratory in nature, it unfolds with some meaningful observations on the Haitian and Mauritian tourism industries. The paper thereafter develops new insights on the role of social entrepreneurship in island tourism and suggests its merit in island destination management. The findings points to opportunities for further elaboration by researchers, as well as to practical implications for small island government on why to embrace social entrepreneurship as a tool for island destination management.

Book Review on Social Entrepreneurship and Tourism: Philosophy and Practice (Tourism on the Verge) Edited by Pauline J. Sheldon & Roberto Daniele

Open Journal of Business and Management

This book "Social Entrepreneurship and Tourism: Philosophy and Practice" edited by Pauline J. Sheldon and Roberto Daniele is a recent addition to Springer's "Business and management" series. The book aims at advancing knowledge of tourism and social entrepreneurship. It explores the tourism social entrepreneurship both in theory and practice (by using case studies from several countries), and sets forth a ground for future research and education. The book is divided into three main sections. As expected, this book would contribute to studies of tourism, entrepreneurship and/or development. Specifically, the book will be eminently suitable as a text for courses to students, and of interest to academics, researchers, and those involved in tourism social entrepreneurship as it presents a wealth of information combined with a diverse range of views on the subject.

The Role of Entrepreneurship in Community-Based Tourism

2015

This thesis draws on findings from four case studies conducted in Kenya, East Africa, to investigate the entrepreneuring process associated with community-based tourism. This is accomplished by examining the influences of the historical, social, and political context, community needs, and the actors involved on the creation and development of community-based tourism (CBT) enterprises. The thesis is informed by a recognition that little has been written on CBT enterprise creation and development processes. Instead, the majority of CBT analyses have focused on outcomes; yet understanding how CBT enterprises are created and developed is crucial to determining not only their success, but also their importance as social institutions. Practice theory represents a suitable framework for interpreting the complex web of interactions that underlies the process of CBT enterprise establishment and functioning. Using a multiple case study approach, this thesis investigates four Kenyan CBT enterp...

Entrepreneurship in Tourism Reasons and Impediments Ecoforum 2017

Tourism is a complex activity involving a combination of material (accommodation, transport, tourist attractions) and psychological (specific attitudes, desires, human emotions) elements. In literature, there are numerous definitions demonstrating the complexity and importance of the tourism phenomenon. In general, entrepreneurship in tourism means enterprises, complex activities at both macro-and micro-economic levels. The concept of opportunity is a main theme in entrepreneurship. The goals of this paper concern the identification of reasons and resources necessary to establish a tourism firm. The paper analyses these aspects between 2005 and 2013 to identify possible changes during the years from the perspective of the Romanian enterpriser behaviour. The research method consisted in Eurostat and Romania statistic data collection, processing and interpretation. One of the issues related to Eurostat was the lack of complete data on tourism: we found only data regarding entrepreneurship in hotels and restaurants in 2005, which limited our study options and prevented us from approaching other tourisms sectors such as travel agencies, tour-operators, rural tourism and agri-tourism, bread & breakfasts, motels, and camping sites. The study on 2013 relied on a questionnaire applied online to accommodation units in Romania, and involved a wider range of Romanian tourism operators. Result analysis pointed out the fact that Romanian entrepreneurs wish to be financially independent, to be their own bosses, and to make more money – all important reasons in launching a tourism business in both 2005 and 2013. Analysis of financial resources used by Romanian entrepreneurs in tourism shows that most of the funds used by Romanian entrepreneurs in the field come form their own resources and from families and friends; bank credits, European funds or support from the authorities represent a smaller share in both studied years.

Entrepreneurship in community-based tourism in Sri Lanka

Turyzm, 2021

Recently, entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship have become widespread around the world and are the driving force of economic activity in every country (Vashishtha, 2021). Entrepreneurship is the practice of introducing innovative products or services through the formation of new businesses or continuing an existing one (Sajeena, 2020). Recent decades have witnessed the rapid spread of entrepreneurship all over the world (Catalin, George, Razvan, 2017). Most countries heavily depend on these firms' performances to stimulate and grow their economies (Hallam, Dosamantes, Zanella, 2017), entrepreneurship is subsequently significant in that it is able to drive and grow the productivity of business ventures (Sok, Snell, Lee, Sok, 2017). Entrepreneurship is the ability and readiness to organize, advance and accomplish a business enterprise together with its risks in order to gain a profit (Business Dictionary, 2020). The competences of an entrepreneur are distinguished as a cluster connected to productive 1. Introduction

Entrepreneurship-Its gradual burgeoning in the realm of Tourism

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research , 2022

The aim of this paper is to analyze the correlation between entrepreneurship and the tourism sector. This paper tried to examine very minutely the various research articles, studies of notable authors over the past century to actually determine the growth. Quantitative approach for describing, evaluating and monitoring has been used for this analytical study. Around 96 articles have been studied and taken into concern related to entrepreneurship and tourism to get to the results. The outcome of the study clearly reveals that the articles encircling the entrepreneurship and tourism are being amassed under three categories specifically: I.) The classification of entrepreneurship, II.) Small and medium sized tourism endeavors, III.) The learning & literature about entrepreneurship in the tourism industry. The quality and quantity of research materials found during the study helped to continue the investigation on broader and larger scales. In a comparative mode, it was found out that the knowledge production of entrepreneurship and tourism has increased in this century. However, another two decades have passed and we expect this study could provide some more insights and wider angle of vision to the literature regards to the field of entrepreneurship and tourism. As entrepreneurship is always accompanied by consequential chances, upheavals and recollections, the business behavior ornamentation in the tourism sector helps us with a lot of interesting and beguiling facts and figures for evaluation