Qualitative and quantities analysis of phytochemicals of various extract for Ephedra altissima from Libya (original) (raw)
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Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2022
This study was conducted to determine the mineral, phytochemical constituents and nutritive worth of (leaf Ephedra)which grows in AL-Salman desert, south of Iraq. The nutritional properties and elemental values of this (medicinal plant) were evaluated by leaves aqueous extract that showed high amounts of proteins 12% and carbohydrates 41%, with low amounts of fats. The Results of the phyto-composition in mg/100 g ((DW)) revealed variable contents of TPC, TFC and (TAC)in Ephedra extract leaves obtaining a yield of (48.15±0.6,33.3±0.1,8.8±0.5) respectively. The mineral investigation indicated that this plant leaf has relatively high mineral content like (Cu, K, Ca, Zn, Fe, Mn,) and Mg. Therefore, the present results of phytochemistry, minerals and nutritional content in this promising herb plant promote the leaf's use as nutrition materials or as pharmaceutical supplements and for clinical treatments.
TheScientificWorldJournal, 2017
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, screening the phytogenic chemical compounds, and to assess the alkaloids present in the E. intermedia to prove its uses in Pakistani folk medicines for the treatment of asthma and bronchitis. Antioxidant activity was analyzed by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate assay. Standard methods were used for the identification of cardiac glycosides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthraquinones, and alkaloids. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for quantitative purpose of ephedrine alkaloids in E. intermedia. The quantitative separation was confirmed on Shimadzu 10AVP column (Shampack) of internal diameter (id) 3.0 mm and 50 mm in length. The extract of the solute in flow rate of 1 ml/min at the wavelength 210 nm and methanolic extract showed the antioxidant activity and powerful oxygen free radicals scavenging activities and the IC50 for the E. intermedia plant was near to the reference standard ...
Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences, 2021
The present work describes the in vitro biological activities of the crude extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) prepared from the species Ephedra altissima Desf. The estimation of total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents were carried out using the Folin-Ciocalteu, trichloroaluminum and acidified vanillin methods, respectively. The evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant activities were performed by three different methods namely: scavenging of the free radical ABTS, permanganate reducing antioxidant capacity, and potentiometric assay. In addition, the antibacterial activity was assessed by the agar disk diffusion assay against seven bacterial strains. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of several types of secondary metabolites. The EtOAc extract exhibited the highest content of phenols (125.62 ± 1.51 μg EGA mg of extract). The greatest flavonoid and tannin contents were observed for n-BuOH extract (19.18 ± 0.39 μg EQ mg of extract...
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, 2022
Ephedra alata is a medicinal plant that has a long history of usage in folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases such as bronchial asthma, digestive system disorders and cancer. The present study aimed to elucidate the chemical constituents of the crude methanolic and hydro-methanolic extracts of Ephedra alata aerial part and to assess their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. In this study, the percentage yield of crude methanolic and hydro-methanolic extracts was 12.92% and 15.01% respectively. Phytochemical screening investigations using standard method showed that E. alata aerial part extracts was rich in flavonoids, reducing sugars, phenols and tannins and quantitative analysis using spectrophotometric assay revealed that the methanolic extract had the highest phenols and flavonoids contents (214.92 mg AGE/g extract and 30.74 mg CE/g extract, respectively). The results of the antibacterial activity by the agar well diffusion and microdilution assays showed that the both extracts displayed antibacterial effect, especially on gram positive strains with S. aureus being the most sensitive. Antioxidant activity was examined by the DPPH radical scavenging method. The methanolic extract has a significant inhibitory activity (IC 50 = 226.58 μg/mL). These findings revealed that E. alata extracts could be a natural source of antioxidants and antibacterials that can prevent several diseases.
Background: Ephedra is among Palestinian medicinal plants that are traditionally used in folkloric medicine for treating many diseases. Ephedra is known to have antibacterial and antioxidant effects. The goal of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of different extracts from the Ephedra alata plant growing wild in Palestine, and to analyze their phenolic and flavonoid constituents by HPLC/PDA and HPLC/MS. Materials and Methods: Samples of the Ephedra alata plant grown wild in Palestine were extracted with three different solvents namely, 100% water, 80% ethanol, and 100% ethanol. The extracts were analyzed for their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (AA), as well as phenolic and flavonoids content by HPLC/PDA/MS. Results: The results revealed that the polarity of the extraction solvent affects the TPC, TFC, and AA of extracts. It was found that both TPC and AA are highest for plant extracted with 80% ethanol, followed by 100% ethanol, and finally with 100% water. TFC however was highest in the following order: 100% ethanol > 80% ethanol > water. Pearson correlation indicated that there is a significant correlation between AA and TPC, but there is no correlation between AA and TFC. Simultaneous HPLC-PDA and UHPLC-MS analysis of the ethanolic plant extracts revealed the presence of Luteolin-7-O-glucuronide flavone, Myricetin 3-rhamnoside and some other major polyphenolic compounds that share myricetin skeleton. Conclusion Ephedra alata extract is rich in potent falvonoid glycosidic compounds as revealed by their similar overlaid UV-Vis spectra and UHPLC-MS results. On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that Ephedra alata constitutes a natural source of potent antioxidants that may prevent many diseases and could be potentially used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products.
Chemical composition of various Ephedra species
The medicinal significance of Ephedra is based on the sympathomimetic properties of ephedrine (E) alkaloids. Pharmacological effects depend on the phytocomposition of individual Ephedra species. The aim of this study was to measure the total alkaloids content (TAC), total phenolics content (TPC), and total flavonoids content (TFC) and determine their relationship in dry herb of Ephedra major, Ephedra distachya subsp. helvetica, Ephedra monosperma, Ephedra fragilis, Ephedra foeminea, Ephedra alata, Ephedra altissima and Ephedra foliata. Nowadays, medicinal use of Ephedrae herba is limited, but the abuse of its psychostimulants is rising. In this study, TAC, TPC and TFC were determined using spectrophotometric methods. For the first time, ultra-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (UPLC-UV) was used for separation and quantification of E-type alkaloids of various Ephedra species. The highest TPC and TFC were found in E. alata (53.3 ± 0.1 mg Gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight, 2.8 mg quercetin equivalents/g dry weight, respectively). The total content of E and pseudoephedrine determined by UPLC-UV varied between 20.8 mg/g dry weight (E. distachya subsp. helvetica) and 34.7 mg/g dry weight (E. monosperma). The variable content and ratio between secondary metabolites determined in different Ephedra species reflects their metabolic activities. Utilization of UPLC-UV unveiled that this technique is sensitive, selective, and useful for separation and quantification of different alkaloids in complex biological matrixes. The limit of detection was 5 ng. Application of UPLC-UV can be recommended in quick analyses of E-type alkaloids in forensic medicine and quality control of pharmaceutical preparations.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Most Ephedra species are adapted to arid and desert conditions and are widely used in folk medicine to treat several disorders. The design of the current study was to determine the functional properties of seeds of two Ephedra species (E. alata and E. altissima) naturally growing in Tunisian arid zones by evaluating their mineral contents and bioactive compounds. The flame atomic absorption spectrometry revealed that seeds contained remarkable amounts of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe). The colorimetric investigation revealed high total polyphenol, flavonoid, and condensed tannin contents. Furthermore, by utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method (HPLC-ESI/MS), a total of 11 phenolics were identified and quantified including 7 flavonoid compounds and 4 phenolic acids that were mostly predominated by gallic acid and quercetrin. Results so far have been very encouraging and proved that Ephedra seeds are a valuable source of natural bioactive compounds and minerals which could potentially be used for industrial and pharmaceutical purposes.
2022
Ephedra (Ephedraceae) is used in medicine for various purposes as having, antioxidant, anticarcinogen, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory hepatoprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral and diuretic activities. In this study the aim was to investigate chemical constituents of Ephedra alata and understand the possible effects of those constituents in antioxidant activity and alzheimer's disease essay. For this purpose, natural compounds from E. alata were characterized by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS using negative and positive ionization modes, while the bioactivity was assessed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition study and determining of antioxidant activity; DPPH radical scavenging and β-carotene bleaching assays were used to assess the antioxidant potential. The proposed method of spectrometry provided tentative identification of 27 compounds including alkaloids and phenolic compounds as flavonoids. The methanolic extract showed high contents of total phenolic and exhibited an important antioxidant potential and demonstrated a potent inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase (IC50: 11,25±0,25 µg/mL). The results showed that the plant possesses a therapeutic effect.
Food bioscience, 2023
Background: Celosia argentea, a traditional vegetable in West and Central Africa is widely grown for ornamental purpose in the tropics and subtropics such as in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to determine phytochemicals, mineral composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of Celosia argentea leaves. Methods: Qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out using standard procedures, Mineral analysis was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) while antioxidant potential, free radical scavenging and reducing power scavenging activity were also carried out. Results: The phytochemical composition revealed the presence of active ingredients such as glycosides, steroids, Saponins, Phenols, Flavonoids, and alkaloids while mineral analysis showed higher concentration in calcium (295mg/100g) and least concentration in chromium (0.85mg/100g). Other minerals and their concentrations includes magnesium (122.53mg/100g), potassium (128.33mg/100g), sodium (71.32mg/100g), iron (35.16mg/100g), zinc (5.42mg/100g), copper (2.18mg/100g), manganese (1.86mg/100g). Moreover, DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity and reducing power activity of Celosia argentea increased as the concentration increases. Conclusion: The present study reveals therapeutic potential of Celosia argentea leaves due to its bioactive compounds and minerals. Also, Celosia argentea possess powerful antioxidant activity and can therefore offer good protection against oxidative damage.
Ethnobotanical Uses and Pharmacological Activities of Moroccan Ephedra Species
Planta medica, 2024
Ephedra plants are among the oldest and most popular herbs used in traditional medicine in China and Japan [1-3]. Ephedrae herba has long been used as both medicine and food [4, 5]. It stands as an efficient anti-stroke herbal medicine [6]. Its use as a folk phytomedicine is mentioned in ancient medical books and traditional prescriptions [3]. For example, the ancient Chinese medical book "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" refers to the classic traditional Chinese medicine prescription Ge Gen decoction, which consists of seven herbs, including an Ephedra species [7], and a Latin textbook from the roman naturalist Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus, AD 23-79) underlined the use of Ephedra as follows: "it is given from black austere wine, crushed, for coughs, sighs, convulsions, and drinking" [8]. For decades, Ephedra species have provided herbal remedies to treat human diseases [9, 10]. These medicinal