The Late Visean rugose coral association of NW Turkey (original) (raw)
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Rugose corals across the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in NW Turkey
An uppermost Famennian (Strunian) coral assemblage has been recovered in the middle part of the Yılanlı Formation of the Istanbul Zone (Zonguldak and Bartın areas, NW Turkey). In the Bartın area, the studied fossiliferous interval corresponds to a c. 30 m-thick unit of bioclastic to peloidal wackestone to packstone grading to grainstone and including two stromatoporoid biostromes. In the Zonguldak area, 60 km westward, the bioclastic facies is dominant. The rugose corals are mainly solitary taxa belonging to the genera Campophyllum, Bounophyllum, Amplexocarinia, and ?Metriophyllum, and only one colonial genus occurs: Pseudoendophyllum. This fauna is similar to that documented in Europe. The campophyllids and dibunophyllids are the main component of the Uppermost Famennian assemblages in S Belgium, N France, W Germany, NW and S Poland. The endophyllids occur in S Poland, Novaya Zemlya, and in the Ural Mountains. The Istanbul Zone is supposed to be situated in the central part of the Palaeotethys Ocean, along the southern margin of Laurussia during the uppermost Devonian and Carboniferous. The rugose corals indicate some relationship with the eastern part of Laurussia, or that both areas were under a common marine influence at this time. The global Hangenberg event was not recognized in the Turkish localities, except considering the disappearance of the corals, occurring less than 19 m below the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary based on the foraminifers. There is no major facies change through the boundary and the first Carboniferous corals (small Uralinia and Caninophyllum) appear 6 m above the D-C boundary.
2012
The microbial-sponge-bryozoan-coral bioherm of Kongul Yayla in the Central Taurides (South Turkey) contains a rich and diversified fauna. Sponges and rugose corals are of particular interest. The most common taxa are Siphonodendron irregulare, S. pauciradiale, S. cf. intermedium, Lithostrotion araneum, L. decipiens, L. maccoyanum, Axophyllum aff. pseudokirsopianum, Palaeosmilia multiseptata, P. murchisoni, Clisiophyllum aff. keyserlingi, Amygdalophyllum sp., Rotiphyllum cf. densum, Amplexocarinia aff. cravenensis, Soshkineophyllum? sp. and Espielia tauridensis sp. nov. newly described here. The tabulate corals are mostly micheliniids, syringoporids, cladochonids and auloporids. Heterocorals and chaetetids are also present. Siphonodendron pauciradiale and Lithostrotion maccoyanum are the guide taxa for the RC7β biozone and indicate an late Asbian age for the bioherm. Facies and coral assemblage argue for a South-European affinity of the Kongul Yayla reef and probably for the whole Anatolian terrane.
Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 2012
For the fi rst time, a Mississippian reef is described from Turkey. Th is microbial-sponge-bryozoan-coral bioherm has been discovered in the Central Taurides (South Turkey), at Kongul Yayla located between Hadim and Taşkent. Th e bioherm contains a rich and diversifi ed fauna: sponges and rugose corals are of particular interest. Th e bioherm shows four main facies refl ecting distinct growth stages from the base to the top: (1) the basal bioclastic beds, (2) the core facies formed of framestone comprising rugose corals, lithistid sponges, fi stuliporid bryozoans and microbial boundstone, (3) the crest facies with large colonies of cerioid rugose corals and chaetetid sponges, and (4) the bioclastic facies containing reworked material from the bioherm in lateral and overlying positions to it. Th e entire bioherm is topped by siltstones with thin bioclastic horizons, oft en slumped. Siphonodendron pauciradiale and Lithostrotion maccoyanum are the guide taxa for the RC7β biozone and indicate an upper Asbian age for the bioherm. Th e Kongul Yayla bioherm resembles most the Cracoean reefs from northern England. It confi rms the position of this buildup type along the platform margins and edges in the Palaeotethyan realm as seen in the British Isles, Belgium, southern France, southern Spain and North Africa. Facies and the coral fauna argue for a European affi nity of the Anatolian terrane.
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2014
The Köprülü Formation of the Hakkari area (SE Turkey) is composed of a mixed carbonate–siliciclastic succession of Early Carboniferous age. The lower part of the formation yielded an abundant but poorly diversified coral fauna composed of small non-dissepimented solitary rugose corals, namely Rotiphyllum cf. simulatumFedorowski 2009, Zaphrentites parallela (Carruthers, 1910), cf. Gorizdronia, gen. et sp. indet., Amplexizaphrentis sp. and Amplexizaphrentis zapense sp. nov. and specimens of Caninia cf. cornucopiaeMichelin in Gervais 1840, a dissepimented solitary coral showing a counter septum-related columella. The lower part of the Köprülü Formation is of supposed late Tournaisian age based on micropaleontological data. However, the coral assemblage indicates rather an early Viséan age. The Hakkari corals form a strongly facies-related association (“Cyathaxonia fauna”) and are compared to other areas with some difficulties. The most similar, time-equivalent faunal associations is that of the Sinai Peninsula (NE Egypt). Both localities belonged, during Early Carboniferous times, to the Arabian Platform situated along the northern margin of Gondwana. The Gondwana-related Taurides units (Aladağ), North Iran Block and Afghanistan, characterized by a dominant carbonate facies and more diversified coral faunas, formed during these times, the distal parts of the Arabian Platform.
An assemblage of earliest Silurian (Llandovery, Rhuddanian) fossils from South Kazakhstan (Ak-Kerme Peninsula, Lake Balkhash) contains solitary rugose corals (Calostylis denticulata, Streptelasma? sp., and Cystipaliphyllum sp.) and the demosponge Calycocoelia typicalis, which are described here. This assemblage occurs with previously described brachiopods and constitutes a post extinction survival fauna; such faunas are poorly known and this study fills a gap in our knowledge. All three genera of Rugosa were transitional across the Ordovician–Silurian boundary and are also reported from other parts of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan during the Llandovery. Streptelasma had already been present in Kazakhstan during the Ordovician, while during the Rhuddanian Calostylis immigrated from Baltica or China, and Cystipaliphyllum from the Australian part of Gondwana. Demosponges are rare during the Llandovery but probably had a cosmopolitan distribution. Calycocoelia typicalis marks the first Rhuddanian record of lithistid demosponges, and the first record of Silurian demosponges from Kazakhstan.
2011
A rich and diverse coral fauna collected from the Livian (Viséan, Mississippian) of Zonguldak and Bartın (North-western Turkey) contains numerous specimens of Dorlodotia and related forms. The most common species, D. delepinei Charles, 1933, is redetermined as Dorlodotia briarti, an European species. A new species of Dorlodotia is described for very large, phaceloid forms: D. euxinensis. The genus Ceriodotia is created for species close to Dorlodotia with a cerioid habit. It comprises two species: C. bartinensis and C. petalaxoides, both common in the Viséan of Zongul-dak and Bartın. Based on comparison of morphological characters and features of the astogeny, a phylogenetic lineage is proposed for Dorlodotia and the new taxa. The evolution of D. euxinensis from D. briarti is peramorphic. Subsequent paedomorphosis resulted in the lineage D. euxinensis -C. bartinensis -C. petalaxoides. Ceriodotia probably includes Viséan taxa from Asia previously described as 'Acrocyathus'.
Geobios, 2010
The taxonomic revision of the carbonate microbiota of the limestone lenses intercalated into the Carboniferous siliciclastic series of Balia-Maden (Turkey) shows that most lenses are early or middle Brigantian in age (latest Visean), only a single lens being of younger age (late Serpukhovian). Calcareous microbiota are abundant in the Balia-Maden lenses carbonates. Microfacies analysis shows the dominance of shallow water environments. The Brigantian assemblage is accurately illustrated. The new foraminiferal taxon Cribrospira baliamadeni nov. sp. is morphologically similar to type-material of Cribrospira panderi von Möller, but has a porous wall with wider pores, almost keriothecal. C. baliamadeni nov. sp. corresponds to the misinterpreted Bradyina and Janischewskina of the previous literature on Balia-Maden lenses. These limestones show a great diversity of algosponges (carbonate microproblematica). Among them, (1) small, atypical Fasciella previously confused with Eosigmoilina; (2) an abundant form described for the first time, Frustulata reticulata nov. sp.; and (3) typical Falsocalcifolium punctatum (Maslov), important for the biostratigraphic implications, are also mentioned. The single Serpukhovian lens consists of a grainstone and contains the age-sensitive alga Archaeolithophyllum johnsoni Racz, and the foraminifers Monotaxinoides gracilis and Janischewskina sp. #
Cretaceous Research, 2015
Megablocks of coral-rudist bearing platform limestone, of Stramberk type, are present as exotics in upper SantonianeCampanian flysch-like deposits of the Karab€ ortlen formation, near Bodrum. These beds belong to the Lycian nappes and the palaeogeographic origin of the megablocks is unclear. The micropaleontological assemblage of benthic foraminifera, calcareous green algae and problematica of the blocks indicates a Berriasian age, and has a Mediterranean character. Rudists are essentially represented by Heterodiceras luci (Epidiceratidae) and Hypelasma salevensis (Requieniidae), commonly found in the Upper TithonianeBerriasian of the European margin of the Mediterranean Tethys. The Lycian specimens of Hypelasma represent the first record of this taxon on the southern Tethyan margin whereas Heterodiceras has been reported from the peri-Adriatic regions but is identified for the first time in Turkey.