The association between serum copper and anaemia in the adult Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) population (original) (raw)
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Update of nutrient-deficiency anemia in elderly patients
2008
Anemia, defined as a hemoglobin level b 13g/dL in men and b 12g/dL in women, is an important healthcare concern among the elderly. Nutrient-deficiency anemia represents one third of all anemias in elderly patients. About two thirds of nutrient-deficiency anemia is associated with iron deficiency and most of those cases are the result of chronic blood loss from gastrointestinal lesions. The remaining cases of nutrientdeficiency anemia are usually associated with vitamin B12, most frequently related to food-cobalamin malabsorption, and/or folate deficiency and are easily treated (nutrient-deficiency replacement).
Clinical Laboratory Science, 2008
IDA = iron deficiency anemia; MA = megaloblastic anemia; MCV = mean cell volume; MCH = mean cell hemoglobin; MCHC = mean cell hemoglobin concentration; RDW = red cell distribution width; RET = reticulocyte count; SI = serum iron; sTR = serum transferrin receptor;TIBC = total iron binding capacity; TS = transferrin saturation. INDEX TERMS: anemia; anemia of chronic disease; elderly; iron deficiency anemia. Clin Lab Sci 2008;21(4):232 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. State the World Health Organization criteria for defining anemia and discuss issues related to this definition. 2. Compare the prevalence of anemia in a variety of subgroups in persons over age 65. 3. Discuss the physical, cognitive, and economic impact of anemia in the elderly. 4. Characterize the major causes of anemia in the geriatric population. 5. Explain laboratory tests and results useful in identifying the cause of anemia in the elderly.
Determinants of anaemia in the very elderly: a major contribution from impaired renal function?
Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue, 2010
Anaemia in the very elderly is usually dissected to a variety of root causes. The frequency of nutritional anaemias is particularly uncertain, since there is controversy on the real prevalence of folate, vitamin B12 and iron deficiencies, as well as on their potential pathophysiological relationship with anaemia. We retrospectively analysed results of haemoglobin, ferritin, folate and vitamin B12 measurements performed on a cohort of unselected subjects over 85 years old who were referred by general practitioners for routine diagnostic check-up to our laboratory over the past 2 years. Furthermore, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. The overall prevalence of nutritional deficiencies was low in males (<25%) and very low in females (<15%). Significant differences between anaemic and non-anaemic subjects were observed only for GFR in both males (44+/-3 versus 67+/-3 mL/min/1.73 m(2); p=0.035) and females (...
Anemia in Postmenopausal Women: Dietary Inadequacy or Nondietary Factors?
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2011
A nemia is a state in which a deficiency in the size, number, and hemoglobin concentration of an erythrocyte exists, impairing oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between the blood and body tissues (1). The World Health Organization has defined anemia in women as hemoglobin concentrations less than 12.0 mg/dL (2). Up to the age of 75 years, women are disproportionately affected by anemia, and the prevalence in females 65 years of age and older in the United States is approximately 10% (3,4).
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000
Aging is associated with increased risk of developing anemia and micronutrient deficiencies. Wheat-based staple foods are iron fortified in Chile. We aimed to establish the prevalence and etiology of anemia in apparently healthy free-living elderly subjects. A cross-sectional study was performed in an outpatient clinic of Santiago, Chile. A group of 274 subjects (93 men, 181 women)>/=60 y old living at home and apparently healthy was studied. Clinical and anthropometric evaluations and dietary survey were performed. Complete blood count, and status of iron, copper, folate, vitamins B12 and A and C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were measured. Prevalence of anemia was 5.4% for men and 4.4% for women. Subjects with inflammatory process had a higher prevalence of anemia (22.2% men, 31.6% women). Abnormal serum retinol (<0.35 micromol/l) was found in 13.7% of men and 15.9% of women. Prevalence of folate deficiency (<7 nmol/l) was 50.5% in men and 33.1% in women. Low serum vitamin B12 (<148 pmol/l) was present in 51.1% of men and 30. 9% of women. Iron and copper deficiencies were infrequent. Anemia is not prevalent in free-living elderly subjects when iron intake is adequate. Inflammatory process is the main etiology of anemia in this age group. Vitamin A, folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies were found in a significant proportion of the study group. Sandoz Foundation for Gerontological Research.
Anemia in the Elderly Population
Journal of Hematology, 2014
Anemia is a clinical condition whose incidence increases with age. It represents a severe risk factor with adverse outcomes, including hospitalization and mortality. In population-based studies, the incidence of anemia in the elderly was found to be 16.8% in women and 17.5% in men, but 30.7% in men of 85 years and older. The aim of the study was to identify the most important factors responsible for the incidence of anemia in the elderly. Pubmed was used, and we searched for the most important epidemiological and clinical studies conducted over last 10 years on anemia in the elderly population. After a comprehensive and standardized evaluation, only studies that accurately determined the causes of anemia and their proportion in older adults were considered. Anemia has been classified into three major classes: nutrient deficiencies, chronic disease or inflammation, and unexplained anemia. Malnutrition is a frequent, underevaluated clinical condition, including iron, folate or B 12 deficiencies, and accounts for one-third of all anemia in the elderly. The anemia of chronic disease (ACD) develops specifically in patients suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases, such as auto-immune disorders, cancer or chronic infections, or in patients undergoing dialysis. In ACD, cytokines and macrophages play a fundamental role. Unexplained anemia (UA) is the most relevant group, due to the reduction of hypoxia/erythropoietin-sensing mechanisms, oxidative stress, sarcopenia, and sex hormone reduction accounting for more than one-third of all anemia. The correct diagnosis allows physicians to perform the best therapeutic strategies that include energy, protein diet, and iron supplementation, erythropoietin, androgen administration and blood transfusion.
Iron deposit state and risk factors for anemia in the elderly
Acta medica Indonesiana
To determine the type of anemia, iron deposit and risk factors for anemia in the elderly. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 84 patients admitted to the geriatric inpatient ward of dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The patients underwent anamnesis, administration of a dietary questionnaire which included SQFF and food recording, physical examination, laboratory investigations (blood, urine and benzidine test), chest x-ray, ECG and spirometry. Anemic elderly patients also underwent iron store measurements, including serum iron (SI), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and serum ferritin (SF). The proportion of anemia was 54.76%. Increased anemia was inversely correlated with increased body mass index (OR 0.870; 95% CI 0.762-0.994), serum albumin (OR 0.285; 95% CI 0.090-0.907) and calorie intake (OR 0.998; 95% CI 0.996-0.999), and positively correlated with renal impairment (OR 2.647; 95% CI 1.084-6.467). Anemia due to chronic disease (ACD) accounted for 21 subjects, 5 subjects...
Vitamin B12 and Folate and the Risk of Anemia in Old Age
Archives of Internal Medicine, 2008
Background: Screening for deficiencies in vitamin B 12 and folate is advocated to prevent anemia in very elderly individuals. However, the effects of vitamin B 12 and folate deficiency on the development of anemia in old age have not yet been established.
Relative importance of micronutrient deficiencies in iron deficiency anemia
Nutrition Research, 2003
To examine influence of micronutrient status in recently diagnosed anemic patients, a crosssectional survey on adults from rural and urban parts of Western India was undertaken. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) patients (81 men, 102 women) and age-sex matched healthy controls (80 men, 100 women) (32.85 Ϯ 8.9 yr) were studied for their blood status of iron and seven micronutrients and nutrient intakes. Median levels of serum iron (647 g/L), serum ceruloplasmin (192 mg/L), ascorbic acid (2.3 mg/L) and B12 (368 ng/L) were significantly lower in anemic subjects than the control group (750 g/L, 251 mg/L, 3.2mg/L, 416 ng/L respectively, p Ͻ 0.01). Differences in plasma folic acid and erythrocyte membrane zinc of anemic and control groups were not significant (p Ͼ 0.05). Prevalence of riboflavin deficiency (EGRAC: erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient Ͼ1.2) was more in anemic group than control (p ϭ 0.038). A positive correlation of plasma retinol was observed with serum transferrin (r ϭ 0.42, p Ͻ 0.05) and hemoglobin (r ϭ 0.15, p Ͻ 0.05). Logistic regression analyses of the blood levels of seven micronutrients with hemoglobin status indicated that risk of IDA was equal with low levels of ceruloplasmin (odds ratio ϭ 0.92, p Ͻ 0.05) and 7 times higher with riboflavin deficiency (EGRAC, odds ratio ϭ 7.2, p Ͻ 0.01).
Anaemia in the elderly: An aetiologic profile of a prospective cohort of 95 hospitalised patients
2012
Background and objectives: Anaemia is a significant problem in the elderly, and the cause of anaemia in approximately one third of the general population is unidentified. To date, only a few studies have focused on hospitalised patients. Patients and methods: We prospectively included anaemic patients (according to OMS criteria) aged 65 years and older who were hospitalised in the internal medicine department. The typical clinical data were collected, and a standardised set of biological tests, including cupraemia was performed. Results: Of 360 total patients, 191 (53%) patients were anaemic; however, 96 patients were excluded because their data were incomplete. Of the remaining 95 patients that were included, 45 were men (47.4%) and 50 were women (52.6%); the mean patient age was 79.7 years (66-101 years). At least one cause of anaemia was diagnosed in 87 of the 95 (91.6%) patients, and anaemia was multifactorial in 44 of the 95 (46.3%) cases. The five most prominent causes of anaemia were inflammation (62.1%), iron deficiency (30.5%), folic acid deficiency (21%), chronic renal failure (17.9%) and cobalamin deficiency (11.6%). Microcytosis was present in only 27.5% of the patients who had an iron deficiency, and macrocytosis was present in only 7.4% of the patients who had a folic acid and/or cobalamin deficiency. The cause of anaemia could not be identified for 8 of the patients. The cupraemia was normal in all the patients. Conclusion: A predefined protocol for older hospitalised patients was ability to identify the aetiology of anaemia in 91.6% of the cases; strikingly, anaemia was frequently caused by more than one factor (43.5%). Diagnostic orientation based on the mean corpuscular volume does not appear to correlate with mean cellular volume profile. Finally, anaemia caused by an unknown aetiology is rare and copper deficiency was not documented in any case.