Monitoring Water Quality Parameters of Khirisan River in Iraq (original) (raw)
Related papers
2019
The research deals with assessment of water quality of Alhussainia river project middle of Iraq. Samples were taken monthly from December 2016 till November 2017 for a year, from twenty one sites along of the river. The study indicates that analysis of water quality parameters (WQPs) with the help of geographic information system (GIS), would prove a viable method of characterizing the water quality of the river. The analytical results show high concentration of turbidity (NTU), electrical connectivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS),biological oxygen demand (BOD5), total hardness (TH), sulfate (SO4), chloride (CL), phosphate (PO4), lead (pb), chlorophyll-a (CHL-a) and fecal coliform (FC), which indicates signs of deterioration along Alhussainia river project.
Assessment of potable water quality in Balad city, Iraq
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
The assessment of the quality of tap water is very important to explore its fit for drinking, especially for developing countries. In the present paper, tap water quality evaluation has been carried out in the Balad city, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. A total of 17 tap water samples were collected from the city and analysed for various physicochemical and biological parameters, namely, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, total hardness (TH), calcium magnesium, chloride and total coliform (TC). Suitability of water for drinking was evaluated based on the World Health Organization (WHO) and Iraqi standards. Spot maps were also generated using GIS to identify the spatial distribution of tap water quality parameters. The results revealed that the tap water is fit for drinking purpose regarding bacteriological pollution. Physicochemical parameters concentration of water samples were within standards except for turbidity. This parameter was highly exceeding the limits (5 NTU) in all tap water samples. Generally, tap water in the Balad city may pose risks to the health of people using it for drinking purposes. Moreover, cluster analysis revealed that the distribution system might affect the quality of tap water in the study area.
Water quality index for Al-Gharraf River, southern Iraq
The Water Quality Index has been developed mathematically to evaluate the water quality of Al-Gharraf River, the main branch of the Tigris River in the south of Iraq. Water samples were collected monthly from five sampling stations during 2015-2016, and 11 parameters were analyzed: biological oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, the concentration of hydrogen ions, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, phosphates , nitrates, chlorides, as well as turbidity, total hardness, electrical conductivity and alkalinity. The index classified the river water, without including turbidity as a parameter, as good for drinking at the first station, poor at stations 2, 3, 4 and very poor at station 5. When turbidity was included, the index classified the river water as unsuitable for drinking purposes in the entire river. The study highlights the importance of applying the water quality indices which indicate the total effect of the ecological factors on surface water quality and which give a simple interpretation of the monitoring data to help local people in improving water quality.
The present study describes the application of Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for for twenty-one stations along the Al-Gharraf River from Kut Dam when the river branching from Tigris to its end in the northern of Nassiria city. Sixteen water quality parameters under investigation were as follows: WT (9-33°C), pH (6.51-8.25), NTU (11-157), EC (700-1652 μS/cm), TDS (448-1057.23 mg/l), TSS (23-194 mg/l), DO (3.42-10.8 mg/l), BOD5 (0.79-9.07 mg/l), TH (218-689 mg/l), CL (87-381.3 mg/l), SO4 (111.8-469 mg/l), NO3 (3.01-33 mg/l), PO4 (0.107-0.964 mg/l), Pb (0.007-0.242 ppm), FC (180-97000 cfu/100ml) and CHL-a (0.033-9.534 mg/l). were used during the period from December, 2016 to November, 2017.Based on the results of this application, the general surface water quality in the Al-Gharraf River is found to be not suitable for use as drinking water without elaborate treatment, poor for aquatic life protection and fair for irrigation.
Statistical analysis for water quality index for Shatt-Al-Hilla river in Babel city
Water Practice and Technology, 2022
The work aims to investigate the Water Quality Index (WQI) of the Shatt-al-Hilla River, a branch of the Euphrates river in Babel city, Iraq. Twelve important and influential parameters were taken into account to evaluate the WQI, namely the temperature of water (Temp), total hardness (TH), electrical conductivity (EC), acidity (PH), total dissolved solids (TDS), sulfate (So4−2), calcium (Ca+2), magnesium (Mg+2), sodium (Na+1), biological oxygen demand (BOD), potassium (K) and turbidity. Raw and treated water quality was evaluated using two models, Weighted Calculation and Canadian Cabinet for the Environmental Water Quality Index (CCME WQI). The study area included three water treatment plants, namely New Hilla (NH), Al-Hussein (HE), and Al- Hashimyah (HA), which discharge their treated water into the Shatt-al-Hilla river. Raw and treated water samples were collected and tested regularly for nine months, from October 2020 to June 2021. The results showed all chemical and physical pa...
Development and Evaluation of a Water Quality Index for the Iraqi Rivers
Water quality evaluation is fundamental for water resources management. Water quality index (WQI) is an accurate and easily understandable method for assessing water quality for different purposes. In this study, the Iraqi water quality index (Iraq WQI) was constructed to be used to evaluate the Iraqi rivers for drinking. For this purpose, some statistical techniques, experts' advice, literature reviews, and authors' experience were used. First, the principal component analysis (PCA) method and the modified Delphi method were used to select the most influential water quality parameters and their relative weights. Second, the quality curves of selected parameters were drawn to calculate the WQI scores basing on the water quality standards. Of twenty-seven parameters, six parameters were chosen to be within the index depending on their effect on water quality in order to reflect the specific characteristics of the Iraqi waters. The Iraq WQI was applied to the Tigris River within Baghdad as a case study and for some sites on other Iraqi rivers, and gave acceptable results. Results revealed that the statistical techniques used in this paper can be applied in all Iraqi rivers considering their specific characteristics. Based on the reliability of the Iraq WQI, there is no longer a need to use Indices designed for water for other countries.
Water quality evaluation of Al-Gharraf river by two water quality indices
Water quality of Al-Gharraf river, the largest branch of Tigris River south of Iraq, was evaluated by the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NFS WQI) and the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) depending on 13 physical, chemical, and biological parameters of water quality measured monthly at ten stations on the river during 2015. The NSF-WQI range obtained for the sampling sites was 61-70 indicating a medium water quality. The HPI value was 98.6 slightly below the critical value for drinking water of 100, and the water quality in the upstream stations is better than downstream due to decrease in water and the accumulation of contaminants along the river. This study explains the significance of applying the water quality indices that show the aggregate impact of ecological factors in charge of water pollution of surface water and which permits translation of the monitoring data to assist the decision makers.
Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2021
The water quality index (WQI) is an essential part of the water resource management system through its use as a numerical scale to evaluate and classify the quality of the water body for various beneficial uses (drinks, industry and irrigation).The present study used WQI based on the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME-WQI) as a tool for assessing the quality of Tigris River in Wasit Province, Iraq for drinking purposes through assaying different chemical and physical parameters. Four sites were selected along the river between Al-Kut City and Al-Aziziyah from August 2016 through July 2017. Water samples were collected monthly and nine physicochemical parameters were selected: pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, chlorides, lead, zinc and manganese. Based on the results of water quality index, the river water was considered as marginal in all the studied sites, and the CCME-WQI ranged between 56-62. The highest deviation has been occurred in phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, lead, and manganese, leading to decrease the water quality index value.
Civil and Environmental Research, 2014
Water Quality Index in the Main Drain River in Iraq by Application the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index(CCME WQI) has been achieved .Fifteen water quality parameters (pH, alkalinity, phosphate(PO 4) , nitrate(NO 3), sulfate(SO 4), chloride(Cl), total hardness(TH), calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), total dissolved solids(TDS), biological oxygen demand(BOD), dissolved oxygen(DO), electrical conductivity(EC), sodium (Na) and potassium(K) measured at ten stations along the main drain river (Baghdad, Babylon, Qadiysiah, ThiQar and Al-Basrah). The field work was conducted during the years 2004 until 2011. Based on the results obtained from the index the water quality of main outfall drain river ranged between 26.6-35.5 which indicate that river has the worst quality due to effect of various pollutant sources.
Water quality of Al-Gharraf River, which considered the main branch of Tigris River south of Iraq was examined using the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME-WQI) for aquatic life protection and irrigation. Water samples were collected monthly from five sampling stations during 2013-2014 and 17 physicochemical parameters were analyzed: Temperature, hydrogen ion concentration (pH), electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, alkalinity, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, sodium, lead, cadmium, nickel and zinc. The model classified water of Al-Gharraf River as poor for aquatic life protection and fair for irrigation with seasonal overall WQI value of 30-39 and among stations was 38-39.