FCC-ee: The Lepton Collider (original) (raw)
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References (681)
- 6.7 Beam position monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 6.8 RF shielding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 9 Overall impedance budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 6.10 Single bunch instabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 6.11 Microwave instability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 6.12 Transverse mode-coupling instability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Multi-bunch instabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Bunch-by-bunch feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 6.15 Interaction region impedance budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 6.16 Electron cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 6.17 Fast beam-ion instability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 7 Energy calibration and polarisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 8 Injection and extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 8.1 Top-up injection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 8.2 Extraction and beam dump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 9 Operation and performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 9.1 Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 9.2 Physics goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 9.3 Estimated annual performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Radiofrequency system staging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 9.5 Luminosity parameters and operation plan . . . . . . . . . . .
- 9.6 Benchmarking against performance of past and present colliders 2.10 Running at other energies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10.1 s-channel H Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 10.2 Higher collision energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Collider technical systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 2 Main magnet system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 2.2 Main dipole magnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 2.3 Main quadrupole magnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 2.4 Main sextupole magnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 2.5 Main magnet powering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 2.6 Interaction region and final focus quadrupoles . . . . . . . . . .
- 2.7 Final-focus quadrupoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 2.8 Final-focus sextupoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 9 Polarisation wigglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 2.10 Magnets for the booster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 3 Vacuum system and electron-cloud mitigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 3.2 Arc vacuum system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 3.3 Interaction-region vacuum system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 3.4 Local beam-pipe shielding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 4 Radiofrequency system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 4.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 4.2 Superconducting cavities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 4.3 Powering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 4.4 Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 4.5 Low-level RF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 4.6 Staging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 4.7 Beam-cavity interaction and beam dynamics issues . . . . . . .
- 5 Beam transfer systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 1 Safety policy and regulatory framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 1.1 Legal context of CERN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 1.2 Hazard register and safety performance based design . . . . . .
- 2 Occupational health and safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 2.1 Fire hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 2.2 Oxygen deficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 3 Radiation protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 3.1 Particle beam operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 3.2 Activation of solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 3.3 Activated or contaminated liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 9 Energy efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 1 Requirements and design considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 2 Power requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 3 Energy management and saving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 4 Waste heat recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 Requirements and approach considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.1 Legal context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 1.2 Environmental compatibility management concept . . . . . . .
- 2 Environmental impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2.1 Radiological impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 2.2 Conventional impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 3 Waste management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3.1 Radioactive waste management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 3.2 Conventional waste management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Education, economy and society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Implementation with the host states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534 11.1.2 France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536 11.1.3 Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538
- 2 Socio-economic opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 11.2.1 Introduction and motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 11.2.2 The value of training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 11.2.3 Opportunities for industries and technological spillover . . . . . 541 11.2.4 Cultural effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 11.2.5 Impact potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
- 12 Strategic research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 12.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 12.2 High efficiency radiofrequency power sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 12.3 High efficiency superconducting radiofrequency cavities . . . . . . . . . 549 12.4 Energy storage and release R&D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 12.5 Efficient power distribution infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553 12.6 Efficient use of excavation materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
- Appendix A: Theoretical physics computations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559 The European Physical Journal Special Topics Table 12.5. Milestones and deliverables concerning excavation materials. Title and description Year Applicable legal and administrative frameworks documented 2018 Initial set of soil samples analysed 2019 Study of potential economic impact available 2020 First proposal for material processing available 2021 National plan for management of excavation material in France established 2021 Input for law of unique project procedure in France available 2021 National plan for management of excavation material in France established 2022 Soil samples from exploratory drilling analysed 2023 Excavation material processing demonstrated 2024 European guidelines for use of excavation material published 2024 Input for contractual documents for underground works available 2025 Excavation-material based product showcased 2026 Machinery for material pre-processing commercially available 2027 We would like to thank the International Advisory Committee members: R. Assmann, DESY, Germany A. Mosnier, CEA, France C. Biscari, CELLS-ALBA, Spain A. Parker, University of Cambridge, UK M. Diemoz, INFN, Italy C. Quigg, Fermilab, USA
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