Comparative effects of the Roundup and glyphosate on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (original) (raw)
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Oxidative stress responses of rats exposed to Roundup and its active ingredient glyphosate
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2009
Glyphosate is the active ingredient and polyoxyethyleneamine, the major component, is the surfactant present in the herbicide Roundup formulation. The objective of this study was to analyze potential cytotoxicity of the Roundup and its fundamental substance (glyphosate). Albino male rats were intraperitoneally treated with sub-lethal concentration of Roundup (269.9 mg/kg) or glyphosate (134.95 mg/kg) each 2 days, during 2 weeks. Hepatotoxicity was monitored by quantitative analysis of the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, total protein, albumin, triglyceride and cholesterol. Creatinine and urea were used as the biochemical markers of kidney damages. The second aim of this study to investigate how glyphosate alone or included in herbicide Roundup affected hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels of animals as an index of antioxidant status and oxidative stress, respectively, as well as the serum nitric oxide (NO) and alpha tumour necrosis factor (TNF-␣) were measured. Treatment of animals with Roundup induced the leakage of hepatic intracellular enzymes, ALT, AST and ALP suggesting irreversible damage in hepatocytes starting from the first week. It was found that the effects were different on the enzymes in Roundup and glyphosate-treated groups. Significant time-dependent depletion of GSH levels and induction of oxidative stress in liver by the elevated levels of LPO, further confirmed the potential of Roundup to induce oxidative stress in hepatic tissue. However, glyphosate caused significant increases in NO levels more than Roundup after 2 weeks of treatment. Both treatments increased the level of TNF-␣ by the same manner. The results suggest that excessive antioxidant disruptor and oxidative stress is induced with Roundup than glyphosate.
Evaluation of Roundup® Toxicity in Human Lung Cells
Ankara Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Dergisi
Objective: In this study, toxic effects of Roundup, one of the most common glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), were assessed on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Material and Method: MTT and neutral red uptake assays were implemented for evaluation of cell viability at 24 and 48 h. Apoptosis detection was made by Muse analyzer while Hoechst staining was employed to detect apoptotic nuclear changes. In addition, dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay was used for the assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Result and Discussion: Similar half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were obtained from cytotoxicity assays. Results showed that significant reduction in the viability of BEAS-2B cells started to occur from 200 µM at 24 h and 50 µM at48 h treatment times. Roundup treatments for both time points were found to dose-dependently cause apoptosis and were also observed to induce cellular ROS formation. These findings suggest that GBHs can stimulate ROS produ...
Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2017
The aim of present study was to unravel the single and interactive toxic potential of Roundup® and ammonium nitrate in rats after their oral administration for a period of 28 days. The animals were randomly divided into four groups with six rats in each group. Group I served as control and were orally administered with water. Group II animals were orally exposed to Roundup @ 500mg/Kg/day. Animals in group III were orally treated with ammonium nitrate @ 220mg/Kg/day while as group IV received both Roundup and ammonium nitrate @ 500mg/Kg/day and 220mg/Kg/day respectively. After 28th day of treatment, blood samples were taken and analysed for various oxidative stress parameters. Significant increase in LPO was observed in group II, III and IV as compared to control. GSH decreased significantly in all treated groups in comparison to control animals. The activity of anti-oxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GSH-Px decreased significantly in group II, III and IV as compared to group I. GST increased...
Inflammatory Effects of Subacute Exposure of Roundup in Rat Liver and Adipose Tissue
Dose-Response, 2019
Roundup is a popular herbicide containing glyphosate as an active ingredient. The formulation of Roundup is speculated to have critical toxic effects, one among which is chronic inflammation. The present study analyzed adverse inflammatory effects in the liver and adipose tissue of rats after a subacute exposure of Roundup. Adult male rats were exposed to various doses of Roundup (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 250 mg/kg bodyweight [bw] glyphosate) orally, everyday for 14 days. On day 15, liver and adipose tissues from dosed rats were analyzed for inflammation markers. C-reactive protein in liver, cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and inflammatory response marker, and prostaglandin–endoperoxide synthase were upregulated in liver and adipose of rats exposed to higher (100 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) doses of Roundup. Cumulatively, our data suggest development of inflammation in lipid and hepatic organs upon exposure to Roundup. Furthermore, liver histological studies showed formation of vacuoles, fib...
Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 2012
We evaluated the toxicity of hepatic, hematological, and oxidative effects of glyphosate-Roundup® on male and female albino Swiss mice. The animals were treated orally with either 50 or 500 mg/kg body weight of the herbicide, on a daily basis for a period of 15 days. Distilled water was used as control treatment. Samples of blood and hepatic tissue were collected at the end of the treatment. Hepatotoxicity was monitored by quantitative analysis of the serum enzymes ALT, AST, and γ-GT and renal toxicity by urea and creatinine. We also investigated liver tissues histopathologically. Alterations of hematological parameters were monitored by RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and NPSH (non-protein thiols) were analyzed in the liver to assess oxidative damage. Significant increases in the levels of hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, and γ-GT) were observed for both herbicide treatments, but no considerable differences were found ...
Oxidative stress biomarkers and heart function in bullfrog tadpoles exposed to Roundup Original
Ecotoxicology, 2008
Oxidative stress biomarkers, in vivo heart rate (f H), and contraction dynamics of ventricle strips of bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeiana) tadpoles were evaluated after 48 h of exposure to a sub-lethal concentration (1 ppm) of the herbicide Roundup Original® (glyphosate 41%). The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased in the liver and decreased in muscle, while oxidative damage to lipids increased above control values in both tissues, showing that the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are involved in the toxicity induced by Roundup®. Additionally, tadpoles’ hyperactivity was associated with tachycardia in vivo, probably due to a stress-induced adrenergic stimulation. Ventricle strips of Roundup®-exposed tadpoles (R-group) presented a faster relaxation and also a higher cardiac pumping capacity at the in vivo contraction frequency, indicating that bullfrog tadpoles were able to perform cardiac mechanistic adjustments to face Roundup®-exposure. However, the lower maximal in vitro contraction frequency of the R-group could limit its in vivo cardiac performance, when the adrenergic-stimulation is present. The association between the high energetic cost to counteract the harmful effects of this herbicide and the induction of oxidative stress suggest that low and realistic concentrations of Roundup® can have an impact on tadpoles’ performance and success, jeopardizing their survival and/or population establishment.
Chemosphere, 2010
This work aimed to evaluate Roundup Ò effects on biochemical biomarkers of the neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus. Fish were acutely exposed (6, 24 and 96 h) to 10 mg L À1 of Roundup Ò (RD) or only water (control) and samples of liver, for antioxidants analysis, and brain and muscle, for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) determination, were collected. Fish exposed to RD for 24 h showed reduction on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and increased glutathione (GSH) content. After 24 and 96 h, fish of RD group showed increased glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and lipid peroxidation. AChE activity was inhibited in brain after 96 h and in muscle after 24 and 96 h of exposure. Thus, acute exposure to RD stimulated the biotransformation pathway, with increased GST, but interfered on the antioxidant defenses, with reduction of SOD and GPx activity, leading to the occurrence of lipid peroxidation. Inhibition of AChE showed that RD acts as a contaminant with anti-AChE action.
Evaluation of Toxic and Genotoxic Effects of Roundup After Direct and Indirect Treatment
International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Science (IJEES), 2019
Roundup (glyphosate) is one of the most widely used systemic, non-selective herbicide in the world. Numerous studies exist about its genotoxic effect both in "in vivo" and in "in vitro" using various concentrations and endpoints. Based on the contradictory results we decided to investigate the toxic effect of roundup in concentrations, used in agriculture after direct treatment on Hordeum vulgare and in human lymphocytes as well as indirect applying S10 fraction from barley seedlings affected by the herbicide. ICP analysis of soil (granulometry and pH also) was performed in order to confirm the lack of harmful substances for plants and for demonstration of equal initial chemical condition of both treated and untreated fields, so manifested effects on test-system could be a result from roundup treatment. Morphometric method was used in barley grown from M1 seedlings treated with the herbicide. Cytogenetic methods were used to test cytotoxic/genotoxic effect of roundup on lymphocytes, where the cells were directly treated with the herbicide and indirectly, using S10 of barley pretreated with roundup. Morphometric data showed high inhibitory effect in barley leaves and roots after roundup application. The herbicide also induced high cytotoxic/ genotoxic activities after direct treatment of lymphocytes. S10 fraction of barley grown from seedlings affected with the herbicide induced yield of injuries that are close to that detected after direct treatment with roundup, but with lower concentration (0.9 µg/ml). Clearly harmful effect of roundup not only after direct but also after indirect treatment was observed, and its use need to be rethought.
Low toxic herbicide Roundup induces mild oxidative stress in goldfish tissues
Chemosphere, 2009
The formulation of Roundup consists of the herbicide glyphosate as the active ingredient with polyethoxylene amine added as a surfactant. The acute toxicity of Roundup (particularly of glyphosate) to animals is considered to be low according to the World Health Organization, but the extensive use of Roundup may still cause environmental problems with negative impact on wildlife, particularly in an aquatic environment where chemicals may persist for a long time. Therefore, we studied the effects of Roundup on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in goldfish, Carassius auratus. The fish were given 96 h exposure to Roundup at concentrations of 2.5-20 mg L À1 . Exposure to Roundup did not affect levels of lipid peroxides (LOOH) in goldfish brain or liver, and in kidney only the 10 mg L À1 treatment elevated LOOH by 3.2-fold. Herbicide exposure also had no effect on the concentrations of protein thiols or low molecular mass thiols in kidney, but selective suppression of low molecular mass thiols by 26-29% occurred at some treatment levels in brain and liver. Roundup exposure generally suppressed the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in fish tissues. For example, SOD activities were reduced by 51-68% in brain, 58-67% in liver and 33-53% in kidney of Roundup treated fish. GST activity decreased by 29-34% in liver. However, catalase activity increased in both liver and kidney of herbicide-exposed fish. To our knowledge this is the first study to demonstrate a systematic response by the antioxidant systems of fish to Roundup exposure.
Cardiovascular Toxicology, 2014
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