Phytochemical and Nutritional Constituents of Leaf Extracts of Two Edible Medicinal Plants in Nigeria: A Comparative Appraisal (original) (raw)
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2015
Plants specifically herbal medicines have received much attention as source of new antibacterial drugs since they are considered as time-tested and comparatively safe both for human use and the environment. They have been used for thousands of years to flavour and conserve food, to treat health disorders and to prevent diseases including epidemics. All over the globe, the use of medicinal plants has significantly supported primary health care. Popular observations on the use and efficacy of medicinal plants significantly contribute to the disclosure of their therapeutic properties, so that they are frequently prescribed, even if their chemical constituents are not always completely known. Plants used in traditional medicine contain a vast array of substances that can be used to treat chronic and infectious diseases. Active compounds produced during secondary vegetal metabolism are usually responsible for the biological properties of some plant species used throughout the globe for various purposes, including treatment of infectious diseases. The qualitative phytochemical components of the five medicinal plants (Acacia nilotica, Chrozophora senegalensis, Acanthospermum hispidum, Carissa edulis and Tribulus terrestris) were determined using conventional protocol and the overall results indicated the presence of flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, terpenoids and saponins while alkaloids, soluble starch and phlobotannins were absent. Free and combined anthraquinones were present only in A. nilotica. The presence of these bioactive metabolites further confirms the use of these medicinal plants in some parts of Northern Nigeria for their therapeutic effectiveness against infectious and non-infectious diseases.
Phytochemical compositions of some extracts used in alternative medicine in Nigeria
Advances in Applied Science Research, 2016
Natural products provide many fine chemical and biochemical extracts that have medicinal values. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive plant chemicals but they are bioactive compounds found in plants that work with nutrients and dietary fibre to protect against diseases. They inhibit the growth of cancer cells, improve immune function, block carcinogens, and help clear out toxins or other damaging substances, among other actions. The aim of the study was the comparison analysis of the phytochemical compositions of some extracts used in alternative medicine. The analyses were carried out on four extracts-the extracts from earthworm, Aloe vera, Ganoderma lucidium, and snail (Archachatina) using standard methods. The means and standard error of means (SEM) were determined using SPSS version 20.The results showed that phytochemicals were majorly present in Aloe vera and Ganoderma extracts and there significant differences (P< 0.05) in the values of most of the phytochemicals between Aloe ...
2021
There has been tremendous growth in field of herbal medicine as therapeutic agents. Dennettia tripetala, is known to possess ethnomedicinal properties and has been used for centuries in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for the treatments of various diseases. The present review provides detailed description on the distribution, ethno-medicinal use, phyto-constituents, and biological properties of the plant that justifies its use as a potential therapeutic agent in management of different diseases. The phyto chemical composition of Dennettia tripetala include alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and cardiac glycosides while it biological activities include antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, antitrypanosomal, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties among others. In conclusion, Dennettia tripetala contains various nutritional and phytochemicals compositions that make it valuable for pharmacological purpo...
Ten medicinal plants including Aframomumme leguata, Chromolaenaodorata, Cissampelousowariensis, Pergulariadaemia,Perquetinanigrensis, Ocimumbascilicum, Ocimumgratisimum, Tithorniadiversifolia, Venoniaamygdalina, Zingiberofficinale used for curing different ailments in the Oye Local Government area of Ekiti Stat, Nigeria were examined in this study. The contents of all the plants were found used for different types of ailments. The plants were found to contain alkaloids, saponin, tannins, phylobatanins, flavonoids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. Also the quantitative analysis was conducted to reveal amounts of phytochemicals in these plants. Results obtained revealed that ethnobotanical information obtained from these plants could constitute a baseline for the production of synthetic drugs from them.
Comparative phytochemical and ethnomedicinal survey of selected medicinal plants in Nigeria
Scientific Research and Essays, 2012
Phytochemical screening and ethnomedicinal survey of twenty-two medicinal plants distributed in fifteen different families were carried out in order to know the distribution of secondary metabolites and the diseases being treated with these plants. It was discovered that alkaloids, tannins and saponin were present in all. Flavonoid was absent only in Peperomia pellucida; five out of these plants lack terpene, ten of them have steroid; eleven of them have cardiac glycosides while only four of these twenty-two have phlobatannin. The ethnomedicinal survey revealed a wide range of human ailments being treated with these plants, ranging from eye infections, respiratory infections, inflammations, urinary diseases, jaundice, anaemia, arthritis to diabetes and dysentery. This study therefore, justifies the ethnobotanical significance of the plants by the presence of secondary metabolites, which if extracted, can be of significant medicinal usefulness in the synthesis of bioactive drugs. Therefore, the findings of this study are recommended for further screening to identify specific photochemical compounds of medicinal significance for bioprospecting and pharmaceutical production.
The phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of the leaf and seed extracts of Dennettia tripetala were studied. Alcohol, cold and hot water solvents were used for the extraction of the bioactive ingredients. According to the results saponins, tannins, phenols, alkaloids. anthranoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides and phlobatannins were observed in the ethanolic extract of the samples while phenols and anthraquinones were not present in either of the aqueous extracts from the leaves. Tarmins, phenols, anthraquinones and cardiac glycosides were observed in all the seed extracts. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the plant parts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was examined with ciprofloxaxin as control. The zones of inhibition ranged from 12mm to 18mm for leaf extracts and 10mm to 18mm for seed extracts. The MIC was observed to be 125mg/mL for the ethanolic extracts on S. aureus and E. coli while it was 250mg/mL for both hot and cold aqueous extracts on both microorganisms. The MIC was observed to be 125mg/mL and 250mg/mL for the ethanolic seed extracts on S. aureus and E. coli respectively. Both the cold and hot aqueous seed extracts had MIC values of 250mg/mL on both microorganisms. The MBC was 125mg/mL and 250mg/niL for the ethanolic extract on E. coli and S. aureus respectively. The MBC was 500mg/mL for both the cold and hot aqueous leaf extracts as well as ethanolic seed extracts for both microorganisms while the hot and cold aqueous seed extracts had no bactericidal effect on the test organisms. The results illustrate the need for economic exploitation of these bioactive compounds found in the plant.
Phytochemical and ethnobotanical study of some selected medicinal plants from Nigeria
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2012
This study involves the phytochemical screening and ethnomedicinal survey of twenty-three medicinal plants belonging to thirteen families commonly found in Nigeria. Semi-structured interviews and discussions with selected informants were adapted to collect ethnobotanical information on the plants. It was discovered that all of them possess alkaloids, tannins and saponin. Steroid is present in only twelve of the plant species, only five have phlobatannin; terpene is present in twenty of the plants, flavonoid is present in nineteen of the plants, while cardiac glycoside is present in sixteen of the species. Leea guineensis and Uvaria chamae were the only plants among the 23 plant samples that contain all the eight phytochemicals tested. The phytochemical present in the samples were juxtaposed with their ethnomedicinal significance, and from this, several suggestions were deduced on the secondary metabolites responsible for the pharmacological actions of the plants. Conclusively, it could be said that the ethnomedicinal significance of the selected plants for this study corresponds to the pharmacological actions of the secondary metabolites they contain.
A bioactivity versus ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants from Nigeria, West Africa
Traditional medicinal practices play a key role in health care systems in countries with developing economies. The aim of this survey was to validate the use of traditional medicine within local Nigerian communities. In this review, we examine the ethnobotanical uses of selected plant species from the Nigerian flora and attempt to correlate the activities of the isolated bioactive principles with known uses of the plant species in African traditional medicine. Thirty-three (33) plant species were identified and about 100 out of the 120 compounds identified with these plants matched with the ethnobotanical uses of the plants.