Beliefs about illness and their relationship with hopelessness, depression, insight and suicide attempts in schizophrenia (original) (raw)
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Hopelessness in schizophrenia: the impact of symptoms and beliefs about illness
The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 2007
Risk factors for the development of hopelessness in schizophrenia remain poorly understood. This study investigated how psychiatric symptom levels and beliefs about illness might be linked to hopelessness in 100 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia. Participants were assessed on the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), the Personal Beliefs about Illness Questionnaire (PBIQ), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Severe levels of hopelessness were found in 25% of the sample. There were significant differences between the hopeless and nonhopeless participants on the PBIQ subscales, SANS and BPRS. Differences on the PBIQ subscales remained significant when depression scores were controlled for. The total CDSS score, the "humiliating need to be marginalized" PBIQ subscale, and total BPRS score contributed significantly to a model accounting for 60% of the variance in hopelessness scores. Processes potentially implicated in the emergence of hopelessness in schizophrenia are discussed.
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2012
Objective: Low levels of insight are a risk factor for treatment nonadherence in schizophrenia, which can contribute to poor clinical outcome. On the other hand, high levels of insight have been associated with negative outcome, such as depression, hopelessness, and lowered quality of life. The present study investigates mechanisms underlying the association of insight and depressive symptoms and protective factors as potential therapeutic targets. Methods: One hundred and forty-two outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (35.2% women, mean age of 44.83 years) were studied using questionnaires and interviews to assess insight, depressive symptoms, recovery attitude, and illness appraisals with regard to course, functional impairments, and controllability. Psychotic and negative symptoms were assessed as control variables. The cross-sectional data were analyzed using structural equation models and multiple linear regression analyses with latent variables.
Suicidal Ideation and Schizophrenia: Contribution of Appraisal, Stigmatization, and Cognition
Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2017
To predict suicidal ideation in people with schizophrenia, certain studies have measured its relationship with the variables of defeat and entrapment. The relationships are positive, but their interactions remain undefined. To further their understanding, this research sought to measure the relationship between suicidal ideation with the variables of loss, entrapment, and humiliation. The convenience sample included 30 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The study was prospective (3 measurement times) during a 6-month period. Results were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression. The contribution of the 3 variables to the variance of suicidal ideation was not significant at any of the 3 times (T1: 16.2%, P = 0.056; T2: 19.9%, P = 0.117; T3: 11.2%, P = 0.109). Further analyses measured the relationship between the variables of stigmatization, perceived cognitive dysfunction, symptoms, depression, self-esteem, reason to live, spirituality, social provision, and suicidal id...
Suicidal Ideation in Patients with Schizophrenia
Objective: To evaluate the factors affecting suicidal ideas in patients with schizophrenia in terms of some socio-demographic and clinical properties. Method: The sample of the study consisted of 120 patients with schizophrenia selected from among patients receiving treatment at Trabzon Atakoy Psychiatry Hospital. All patients were evaluated using a Socio-demographic Data Collection Form, Reasons for Living Inventory (RLI), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale (PANSS), and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). Results: Of the patients, 31.6% had suicide ideation. Negative symptoms are found to be significantly higher. The group with suicidal ideation had fewer reasons for living than the group without. Conclusion: Evaluations of the history of suicide attempts, depression and hopelessness in patients with schizophrenia are thought to be important in the prevention of suicidal behavior in these patients.
ALPHA PSYCHIATRY, 2021
Background: Suicidal behavior is quite common in schizophrenia and various risk factors for suicide have been reported. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between suicide attempts and ideation with depression, insight, and internalized stigmatization in patients with schizophrenia. Method: Thirty-six patients with a history of suicide attempts and 52 patients without suicide attempts who were diagnosed as schizophrenia according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria were included in this study. According to the score which they obtained from the eighth item of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, patients were divided into two groups: not suicidal ideations (zero points) and suicidal ideations (one, two, or three points). Sociodemographic information form, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Calgary Schizophrenia Depression Scale, Schedule for Assessing the Three-Component of Insight, The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, and The Suicide Ideation Scale were applied to all of the patients who participated in the study. Results: Patients with suicide attempts were more likely to be single and had higher the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale scores compared to patients without suicide attempts. Patients with suicidal ideation had higher Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total scores, higher Calgary Schizophrenia Depression Scale scores, and higher the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale scores than those without suicidal ideation. There was a strong, positive correlation between the Suicide Ideation Scale and Calgary Schizophrenia Depression Scale, as well as there was a moderate, positive correlation between Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, and the Suicide Ideation Scale in the suicidal ideation group. In regression analysis, depression was found to be a predictor of suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Depression and internalized stigma were risk factors for suicide in schizophrenia. Risk factors need to be carefully assessed to prevent suicide in schizophrenia.
Journal of Clinical Psycology, 2009
Introduction: The aim of this study was the examination and comparison of attitudes toward illness in schizophrenia, schizoaffective and major depression disorders without any psychotic features. Method: For this purpose, seventy seven patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective and major depression without any psychotic features were interviewed and assessed by Self-Appraisal of Illness Questionnaire (SAIQ). Results: Among the above mentioned patients, the group of schizophrenia and schizoaffective patients in comparison to the patient with major depression without any psychotic features had more disclamation of illness, its outcomes and need for treatment with less worry about the illness. Conclusion: The schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients in comparison to the patients with major depression disorders are in greater level of unawareness, its outcomes and insight of the illness.
Düşünen Adam, 2013
The correlation of suicide attempt and suicidal ideation with insight, depression and severity of illness in schizophrenic patients Objective: At this study, it is aimed to determine criteria to predict the suicidal risks of schizophrenic patients and to explore the correlation of suicide attempt and suicidal ideation with insight, depression and severity of illness as well. Method: Randomly selected 104 inpatients between 20 and 65 years of age, treated with a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to DSM-IV-TR criteria at Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery were included, and patients were examined at the period of first 72 hours of admission. The patients were evaluated with Schedule for Assessing the Three Components of Insight (SAI), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). Results: Depression scores were higher in the patients who had suicide attempt compared to those without suicide attempt. Depression and insight scores of the patients who had suicidal ideation were found to be higher compared to those without suicidal ideation. In the logistic regression analysis, CDSS was found to be the determinant of suicide attempt and suicidal ideation, PANSS negative total score was found to be the determinant of suicidal ideation, and self destructive behavior was found to be the determinant of suicide attempt. Conclusion: As depression was the common factor that determines the suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, suicidal ideation should be inquired more carefully and in more detail in the presence of depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. We consider that CDSS can be easily applied and can determine the depression in patients with schizophrenia and the treatment of depression with eligible methods in turn, decreases risk of suicide.
Suicidal ideation in inpatients with acute schizophrenia
Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2004
Schizophrenia has been associated with a high rate of suicide. This study investigates the prevalence of suicidal ideation in a population of inpatients with acute schizophrenia, together with the clinical parameters associated with suicidal thoughts. We assessed 93 schizophrenia patients. We matched subjects for age and sex and compared subjects with and without suicidal thoughts. We performed stepwise multiple regression analysis to assess the association between specific clinical symptoms and suicidal ideation. Of the patients, 20.4% reported suicidal thoughts during the last 15 days. Severity of depressive symptoms, motor retardation, guilt feelings, pathological guilt, and self-depreciation predicted the patients' suicidal ideation. Suicidal thoughts are frequent among inpatients with acute schizophrenia. Prevention of suicidal behaviour should include helping patients improve their self-esteem and reducing depression and guilt feelings.
Beliefs About Illness of Patients with Schizophrenia
Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute, 2015
Objective: To elicit the beliefs and perception of patients with schizophrenia about their illness by using Short Explanatory Model Interview (SEMI). Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of psychiatry, Lady Reading Hospital. One hundred and three patients of schizophrenia were included in the study. Short explanatory model Interview (SEMI) was used to assess the explanatory model of illness of the sample. Four major areas covered in SEMI were “Concept” i.e., naming the illness, “Cause”, “Treatment Choice” i.e., help seeking behaviour, and “Severity” of the illness. Results: Mean age of the sample was 30.52 ± 9.41 years. Regarding Concept, 34(33%) patients who although couldn’t name any but attributed their condition to mental illness. The major response to the cause for the development of schizophrenia was stress of social issues by 22(23.30%) patients. A total of 56(54.3%) patients reported a combination of medication & spiritual healer to be the ...