Co-pyrolysis of biomass with waste tyres: Upgrading of liquid bio-fuel (original) (raw)
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Waste Management, 2019
Pinewood sawdust and the waste rubber from truck tyres have been co-pyrolysed in order to improve the properties of bio-oil for its integration in oil refineries. In addition, an analysis has been conducted of the effect the interactions between these two materials' pyrolysis reactions have on product yields and properties. Biomass/tyre mixing ratios of 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100 by weight percentage have been pyrolysed in continuous mode at 500°C in a conical spouted bed reactor, obtaining oil yields in the 55.2-71.6 wt% range. Gaseous, oil and solid fractions have been characterised for the 50/50 biomass/tyre mixture, paying special attention to the oil fraction by determining its detailed composition, elemental analysis and calorific value. Co-processing enables the stabilization of the liquid, as the co-pyrolysis oil has a stable single phase, being composed mainly of water, aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols in concentrations of 14.5, 11.1 and 9.7 wt%, respectively. Adding tyre rubber to the biomass in the pyrolysis feed improves the oil's properties, as a liquid with higher carbon content and lower oxygen and water is obtained, even if sulphur content is also increased.
Co-Pyrolysis of Pre-Treated Biomass and Wastes to Produce Added Value Liquid Compounds
2018
It is imperative to find novel environmental friendly liquid fuels to be used in the long distance transportation sector. Pyrolysis of wastes may have an important role in the near future to attain this goal. Biomass pyrolysis has also been widely studied by several researchers, but besides the potentialities of such technology, the bio-oil obtained still has to overcome some challenges related to its unsuitable properties to be used in conventional combustion devices. On the contrary, plastics pyrolysis produces oils, whose main compounds are hydrocarbons, thus they can be used in conventional engines without complex and high cost upgrading processes. Thus, co-pyrolysis of plastics blended with biomass may be a suitable option to produce alternative liquid fuels from wastes. The biomass selected for this study was Eucalyptus globulus wastes, because it has been mostly used in the pulp and paper industry in Iberian Peninsula, which has produced high amounts of wastes. On the other h...
Determination of synergetic effect in co-pyrolysis of lignite and waste tyre
Fuel, 2015
Synergetic effect between waste tyre with lignite in co-pyrolysis process was clarified. The influence of the reactor configuration and blending ratio on the synergetic effect has been established. The co-pyrolysis process improved the quantity and quality of pyrolysis oil. Blending with lignite led to a higher aliphatic/aromatic ratio. Waste tyre-derived oil can be upgraded via co-pyrolysis of waste tyre with lignite.
Fuel, 2014
Two wastes from the tyre recycling industry-the fibres used as reinforcing material and tyre crumbs-were pyrolyzed in two ovens of different configuration. Blends with a low rank coal and a bituminous waste were also prepared to modify the composition of the oils obtained from the pyrolysis of the tyre wastes. Elemental analysis, calorific value, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography were used to determine the oil composition. A comparative study taking into account the configurations of the ovens and the raw materials was carried out. The oils produced in the rotary oven were found to be more aromatic and to have lower oxygen contents. Depending on the type of oven and the material used in the co-pyrolysis process it is possible to obtain a fuel-oil with a specific heating value and sulphur content. It is also possible to obtain oil with more than 20% limonene and 20% BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene). The amount of aliphatics can be increased by including a coal in the pyrolysis process and the amount of aromatics can be increased by co-pyrolysis with a bituminous waste.
Energetic valorization of used tires by pyrolysis: effect of catalysts on biofuel
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2018
Waste tires represent a disposal problem, environmental problem. To solve this problem and to upgrade this waste, several technologies are adopted such as pyrolysis. This technology produces a liquid that could replace other fuels. In this paper an experimental investigation is carried out to study the effect of the catalysts on biofuel. Two different percentages of catalysts have been used i.e. 10% and 20%. Experiments were carried out in a semi-batch reactor under atmospheric pressure. The properties of the products measured are the viscosity, the gross calorific value and the acid value. Identification of gas and liquid products is made by GC and GC-MS respectively. It is found that the waste tires allow obtaining a liquid yield equal 30.53 wt.% and is the same with 20% of the catalysts but it increases to 32.77 wt.% with 10% of catalysts. This liquid presents close characteristics to gasoline and kerosene. 2 Experimental methods 2.1. Materials The raw materials tested in this study are powders of waste tires from passenger cars that have been brought from a
International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 2015
Scrap tyres represent a severe environmental problem that must be solved by developing technologies allowing the processing of high quantities of this residue. This work presents the results of pyrolysis oil and pyrolytic char production by intermediate pyrolysis of rubber recovered from scrap tyres. The influence of process variables such as particle size, temperature and reaction time on the characteristics of the products obtained was analysed. Maximal yields of 52.56 and 39.50 wt% of pyrolysis oil and pyrolytic char, respectively, were obtained, under operational conditions that favoured the production of pyrolysis oil. The products obtained were a pyrolytic char with a maximal surface area of 85.16 m2/g and fixed carbon content of 78.55 wt%; and pyrolysis oil with a higher heating value of 42.94 MJ/kg, real density of 0.948 g/mL, viscosity 2.29×10−3 Pa s and acidity between 0.39 and 1.57 mg KOH/g. The highest total aromatics (benzene, toluene, xylenes and ethylbenzene) yield in...
Woody Feedstock Pretreatments to Enhance Pyrolysis Bio-oil Quality and Produce Transportation Fuel
Biomass for Bioenergy - Recent Trends and Future Challenges, 2018
Lignocellulosic biomass as a potential renewable source of energy has a nearzero CO 2 emission. Pyrolysis converts biomass to a liquid fuel and increases the energy density and transportability. The pyrolysis bio-oil shows promising properties to substitute the conventional fossil fuels. But, unprocessed biomass is low in bulk and energy density; high in moisture; heterogeneous in physical and chemical properties, highly hygroscopic and difficult to handle. That is why the biomass needs mechanical, chemical and/or thermal pretreatments to turn into a more homogeneous feedstock and minimize the post-treatment fuel upgrading. This chapter explains the effects that various pretreatments such as size reduction, drying, washing and thermal pretreatments have on the quality and quantity of bio-oil. Washing with water or acid/alkali solutions extracts the minerals that consequently reduces the ash and shortens the reactor clean-out cycle. Torrefaction is gaining attention as an effective pretreatment to modify the quality of biomass in terms of physical and chemical properties. Torrefaction produces a uniform biomass with lower moisture, acidity and oxygen contents and higher energy density and grindability than raw biomass. Pyrolysis of torrefied biomass produces bio-oil with enhanced compositional and physical properties such as a higher heating value and increased C (lower O/C ratio).
Waste Management, 2019
Olive mill wastewater sludge (OMWS) and waste tires (WTs), abundant wastes in Tunisia, were used as feedstock in a slow co-pyrolysis pilot reactor to produce upgraded pyrolytic oil as an alternative fuel. Despite the improvement of some properties of the pyrolytic oil when waste tires were added in the feed blend, a negative synergy was observed in the yield of the oil compared with that of char. The characterization of oil samples showed synergetic interaction between OMWS and WTs during co-pyrolysis which led to a partial deoxygenation and resulted in reduction of viscosity and increase in the calorific value of the co-pyrolytic oils. However, the co-pyrolytic oil properties did not meet the requirements of commercial diesel and will need further improvement by effective standardization to meet marketable specifications. Compared with catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) followed by hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), OMWS/WTs slow co-pyrolysis showed some limitations but it can be considered as a simple, clean and cheap process upgrading technique for bio-oil production ($40% lower in fixed capital investment and $30% lower in fuel selling price).
Fuel Properties and Chemical Compositions of Bio-oils from Biomass Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis of biomass is a promising alternative route for producing energy and chemical feedstock. This research proposes to investigate effect of pyrolysis temperature on product yields and the determination of their physicochemical properties. Slow pyrolysis of biomass (cassava pulp residue, palm shell and palm kernel) was performed in a fixed bed reactor. Palm kernel pyrolysis provided the highest liquid yield (54.34 wt%) at 700°C. Fuel properties of bio-oils are viscosity at 40°C, 1.46-58.72 cSt (mm 2 /s); pH, 2.8-5.6 and heating value, 14.92-40.00 MJ/kg. The boiling range distribution of dewatered palm kernel oil was closest to that of diesel oil while its heating value approached that of fuel oil.
A review on co-pyrolysis of biomass: An optional technique to obtain a high-grade pyrolysis oil
The oil produced by the pyrolysis of biomass has potential for use as a substitute for fossil fuels. However, the oil needs to be upgraded since it contains high levels of oxygen, which causes low caloric value, corrosion problems, and instability. Generally, upgrading the pyrolysis oil involves the addition of a catalyst, solvent and large amount hydrogen, which can cost more than the oil itself. In this regard, the co-pyrolysis technique offers simplicity and effectiveness in order to produce a high-grade pyrolysis oil. Co-pyrolysis is a process which involves two or more materials as feedstock. Many studies have shown that the use of co-pyrolysis is able to improve the characteristics of pyrolysis oil, e.g. increase the oil yield, reduce the water content, and increase the caloric value of oil. Besides, the use of this technique also contributed to reduce the production cost and solve some issues on waste management. This article tried to review the co-pyrolysis process through several points of view, including the process mechanism, feedstock, the exploration on co-pyrolysis studies, co-pyrolysis phenomena, characteristics of byproducts, and economic assessment. Additionally, several outlooks based on studies in the literature are also presented in this paper.