Correlates of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among female university students (original) (raw)
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Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology
Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is also called late luteal phase dysphoric disorder. The syndrome involves mood symptoms, behavior symptoms and physical symptoms. This pattern of symptoms occurs at a specific time during the menstrual cycle, and the symptoms resolve for some period of time between menstrual cycles. It is one of the most common problems in female students of higher education institution that impaired academic performance and professional and interpersonal relationships. The main objective f this study is to assess Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and associated factors among Female health science students in Wollo University, east Amhara, Ethiopia, 2016/17. Methods: The study was conducted from January 1-15, 2017 involving 254 regular health science students were involved from college of medicine & health science, Wollo University. Institution based cross sectional study design was used. Systematic random sampling technique was utilized. Data were collected through interviewer administered standardized and pretested questionnaires. The collected data were presented in tables, graph & chart. Association between dependent and independent variable were tested using logistic regression model of SPSS version 20. Variables that have P-value less than 0.25 at bivarate analysis were entered to multivariate analysis model. Finally those variables which had P-value of < 0.05 were considered as having statistically significant association with the dependent variables. Result: The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in this study was 66.9%. Degree of dysmenorhea was found to have statistically significant association with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Students who had mild grade of dysmenorhea were less likely to have PMDD as compared with those students who had severe dysmenorhea (AOR = 0.13 at 95%CI (0.03-0.58). About 139 (61.8%) of female student reported that frequent class missing and low grade were occurred due to menstrual disorder. Conclusion: The Prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was highest as compared to other similar studies done in other countries. The factor associated with premenstrual dyphoric disorder was grade of dysmenorhoea. In order to tackle this problem, collaborative efforts should be taken.
Premenstrual Disorders and Rumination
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2014
Objectives: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) involve emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms; however, there is little understanding of psychological factors that contribute to these disorders. It was hypothesized that rumination, a form of depressive self-focused attention, is related to premenstrual distress. Method: Study 1 involved women (N = 735) meeting criteria for No/Mild PMS, Moderate/Severe PMS, and PMDD using retrospective self-report. Study 2 involved women (N = 85) meeting diagnostic criteria for PMS or PMDD (i.e., PMD group) and healthy controls (i.e., No PMD group) following 60-day symptom monitoring. Participants in both studies completed questionnaires of rumination, anxiety sensitivity, and coping styles.
Investigation of coping behaviors and premenstrual syndrome among university students
Current Psychology
of the diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders (DSM-5) (Bhuvaneswari et al., 2019). Although the etiology of PMS is not exactly known, since its symptoms occur simultaneously with hormonal fluctuations of the menstrual cycle, it is reported to be associated with hormonal imbalances like estrogen excess and progesterone deficiency, some neurotransmitters like serotonin, GABA, opioids, and catecholamines (Stoner et al., 2017), age and genetic factors (Shrestha et al., 2019). Clinical symptoms of PMS include changes in appetite, weight gain, abdominal pain, back pain, low back pain, headache, breast swelling and tenderness, nausea, constipation, anxiety, irritability, anger, fatigue, restlessness, and mood swings (Yesildere Saglam & Orsal, 2020). Irritability is the most prevalent mood symptom of PMDD, but depression, anxiety, and mood swings are also observed. Daily activities and interpersonal connections suffer as a result of physical and behavioral problems, including fatigue and difficulty concentrating (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Yonkers & Simoni, 2018). PMDD symptoms are similar to PMS in that they emerge during the luteal phase and disappear once menstruation begins (Ryu & Kim, 2015; Petersen et al., 2016). But unlike PMS, PMDD frequently results in Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common health issue characterized by physical, behavioral, and psychological symptoms that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and disappear shortly after menstruation (Mumtaz et al., 2018; Dönmez & Gümüssoy, 2019) and can seriously affect the quality of life (Bhuvaneswari et al., 2019) and cause reduced performance and lack of concentration at work and school (Buddhabunyakan et al., 2017). Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a more severe form of PMS, included as a psychiatric disorder in the fifth edition
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder among medical students of a Nigerian university
Annals of African medicine
Background/Objective: This study aimed at estimating the prevalence and associated factors of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) among medical students in a University in the North-Central State of Nigeria. PMDD is the severest form of premenstrual symptoms and is associated with impairment of social and role functioning. Methods: A cross-sectional study of female medical students of the University of Ilorin College of Health Sciences (n=208), which involves completing a questionnaire to elicit socio-demographic and gynecological information as well as the GHQ-12 questionnaires. They were later interviewed with DSM-IV PMDD instrument. Results: Seventy-five (36.1%) of the respondents met the criteria for the diagnosis of PMDD. Sixty-five (%) of the PMDD cases reported having pain during menses among whom 14 (21.5%) reported mild, 32 (49.2%) moderate and 19 (29.2%) severe form of menstrual pain. Forty-two persons (20.2%) were categorized as having probable psychiatric morbidity using a cut-off of ≥ 3 on GHQ 12. There was neither a causal relationship between psychiatric morbidity (≥ 3 score), and PMDD, nor any association between gynecological factors and PMDD. However, menstrual pain was significantly associated with PMDD (P=0.019).
PLoS ONE, 2023
The study aimed to determine potential risk factors associated with Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Methods Three hundred two female student participants who were 18-45 years old completed a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and a Vietnamese Premenstrual Syndrome Screening Tool. We then followed up participants during at least two menstrual cycles using the Daily Record of Severity of Problems. The Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder diagnosis was established using The Carolina Premenstrual Assessment Scoring System, based on the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Results According to the Carolina Premenstrual Assessment Scoring System, 35 out of 302 students (11.6%; 95%CI: 8.2-15.7%) met the diagnosis of PMS (31 students) or PMDD (4 students). We found that age at menarche (PR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.63-0.96), having negative Rh blood type (PR = 4.43, 95%CI: 1.95 to 10.08), being moderately depressed or higher (PR = 2.81, 95%CI: 1.24 to 6.36), and consuming caffeine more than three times per week
Psychological Study in Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
BACKGROUND:Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a somatopsychic illness triggered by changing levels of sex steroids that accompany an ovulatory menstrual cycle. It affects about 3% to 8% of women in their reproductive years. The symptoms of this disorder are primarily affective. The disturbance markedly interferes with work, school or with usual social activities and relationships with others.OBJECTIVE:Are to determine the prevalence and the sociodemographic factors in relation to PMDD and to find out the characteristic features of premenstrual symptoms and their impact on daily living.METHOD:145 women aged between 18 and 55 years with regular menstrual cycles who met the diagnostic criteria of PMDD out of 1792, were assessed regarding their premenstrual symptoms using the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST). The study was conducted in 1st August 2009 until 31thDecember 2009.RESULTS:The study revealed that 8.1% of women met the diagnostic criteria of PMDD. It was found...
2017
Background: PMDD is a cyclical disorder associated with luteal phase of menstrual cycle which presents with multiple somatic and affective complaints and functional impairment. It is frequently associated with significant comorbidities like depression, anxiety, panic disorder and dysthymia. The presence of PMDD and associated comorbidities result in significant impairment in physical, social and occupational functioning. Aim: To study co-morbid depression and anxiety and their severity in PMDD Methods: The study was conducted among undergraduate (UG) medical students of S. Nijalingappa Medical College, Bagalkot. Students were assessed on their premenstrual symptom severity using the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP), Hamilton depression rating Scale (HAM-D) for depression and Hamilton anxiety Rating Scale ( HAM-A) for anxiety. The study population was divided into two groups: with and without PMDD and depression and anxiety was compared in both the groups. Statistical anal...
African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 2021
Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a female psychiatric disorder affecting the behaviour, cognitive abilities, mental health status and academic performance of female students. It includes: mood symptoms, behaviour symptoms and physical symptoms.Aim: To assess phenomenology, measure the prevalence of PMDD among university students and assess the relationship between PMDD and socio-demographic and personality characteristics.Setting: This study was conducted at Zagazig University, Sharqia Governorate, Egypt.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to December 2020. It included 755 university students. They filled several questionnaires covering Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders (DSM-5) criteria to diagnose PMDD, socio-demographic, menstrual factors, physical activity and personality traits.Results: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder was found in 159 out of 755 students (21.1%). Overall, the most frequently reported premenstrual s...
The prevalence, impairment, impact, and burden of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMS/PMDD)
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2003
Currently it is estimated that 3-8% of women of reproductive age meet strict criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Assessment of published reports demonstrate that the prevalence of clinically relevant dysphoric premenstrual disorder is probably higher. 13-18% of women of reproductive age may have premenstrual dysphoric symptoms severe enough to induce impairment and distress, though the number of symptoms may not meet the arbitrary count of 5 symptoms on the PMDD list.
Journal of KIST Medical College/Journal of Kist Medical College, 2024
Introduction: Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome in women which adversely affects social, academic, or work performance. The mechanisms underlying PMDD are still insufficiently known, the findings indicate a multifactorial genesis. Prevalence data of PMDD and its potential associated risk factors is sparse in Nepal. This study aimed to determine the associated factors with PMDD among undergraduate medical students of a teaching hospital in Nepal. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among unmarried female medical students at KIST medical college and teaching hospital from 1st June to 30th July, 2023. Students were assigned from each of the four MBBS years (First, Second, Third, and Final) through random sampling till the desired sample size was achieved. Questionnaires about socio-demographic, menstrual, lifestyle variables and questionnaire for diagnosis of PMDD were administered. PMDD was diagnosed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-fifth edition (DSM-5) of the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Data Analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. Data calculated as frequencies, mean, standard deviation and chi square test, independent t test with p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of PMDD according to DSM-V criteria was 41 (36.28%). PMDD was significantly associated with dysmenorrhea (P=0.030) and with intake of caffeinated beverages (P=0.034). Conclusion: PMDD is prevalent among medical students in Nepal. The potential associated risk factors are dysmenorrhea and intake of caffeinated beverages.